QUALITY ANALYSIS FOR HEAVY METALS, NITRATE AND AMMONIA IN RIVER GASHUA YOBE STATE

Yusuf I¹,Gambo N, Sule G.Tabita., Ibrahim B. Binta.

Department of Chemistry

Umar Suleiman College of Education, Gashua.

Emails: ibrazuby@yahoo.com, ibratimah74@gmail.com.

Abstract

This study was carried out with river water of Gashu’a, water and aqueous sediment samples were collected from different points of the river and analyzed for heavy metals. A total of 16 water and 8 aqueous sediments samples were collected from 4 different locations Abattoir, bridge, behind prison and zango (Takari). All the samples were analyzed for heavy metals, such as  Cu, Cd, Pb and Fe etc. using standard procedures, while nitrate and the ammonia where tested by Palin test method. The results obtained were compared with international standards. All the samples results obtained were within the recommended limits set by WHO (2010), as well as New Zealand (1000 μg/L) and US EPA (100 μg/L) maximum acceptable limits. The results of the present study have shown that river Gashua is free from heavy metals contamination. This study, therefore, recommends the government and other responsible authorities to take appropriate measures to ensure that the water is not polluted in future.

Key words: Copper, Cadnuim, Lead, Iron, Nitrate and Ammonia.

PROTOTYPE GEOMETRIC SOLUTION FOR LAND RESOURCE MAPPING AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AS A TOOL FOR EFFICIENT PROPERTY SEARCH AND GOOD UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES

                  ¹P. E. Udosen, ²I. P. Udoh  and ²E. E. Antia

    Department of Computer Science

Obong University , Obong Ntak, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Email:¹peacepoly9@gmail.com,²ekemini.antia@yahoo.com, ³paulinyene@gmail.com,

Abstract

Problems concerning the optimal use of land resources and improved land management are important all over the world. Since automation has greatly increased the ability to handle masses of data the challenge is to develop a good and comprehensive computer-based Land Information System (LIS). Information related specified land units is the cornerstone of Land Information System, since data concerning ownership and other property rights, boundaries, areas, land uses, market and assessed values, building, habitations, etc. are all interrelated. Land Information System is devoted to the problem of developing efficient information systems based on such land units and have proven knowledge of establishing Land Information System mainly based on experiences gained from integrating existing Cadastres, Land Register and Valuation Systems. This research paper aims to introduce a prototype Geometric Solution for Land Resource mapping and information management system as a tool for efficient property search and good utilization of resources.

Keywords: Land, Information, System, Property, Database, Estate

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CORROSION INHIBITION OF MILDSTEEL PIPE BY CASTOR AND RUBBER SEED OILS

¹Offurum, J.C.; ²Nwakaudu, M.S.; ²Ndukwe O.C.; ¹Iheme C., ¹Mbadike C.A.

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo-Ohaji

²Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri

E-mail: jullyengine@yahoo.com

Abstract

The thermodynamics for the assessment of corrosion inhibition of mildsteel pipe by Castor and Rubber Seed Oils was studied in this research work. This was prompted due to the fact that temperature factor plays very important role in the corrosion a given material with time. Corrosion Inhibition assessment of the steel pipe, by the castor and rubber seed oil samples was performed at different times (of 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32hours) and temperatures (of 40, 50 and 60^oC) to know how much mass of the material will be degraded in a given time. Arrhenius concept was employed to study the temperature-dependence of the process, in which the results shows that corrosion rate increases with time, with the highest rate (42.67% for Castor Seed Oil, CSO and 30.66% for Rubber Seed Oil, RSO) observed at the highest time of 32hours. Also, enthalpy and entropy changes increases in the direction of increasing temperature and time, indicating an increasing demand for heat energy content. The deepening in the negativity of the free energy value is a response to the increased randomness in the adsorbed molecular layer, which made the reaction entropy-driven and spontaneous. However, the thermodynamic parameters studied were more established in cases involving Sample A (CSO) than in Sample B (RSO).

Keywords: Thermodynamics, Corrosion Inhibition, Mildsteel Pipe, Castor Seed Oil, Rubber Seed Oil.

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF KAOLIN CLAY FROM OZANAGOGO, UMUTU AND OTORHO, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

Ese Queen Umudi¹ and Toyin Emefiele²

¹Chemistry Department, College of Education, Agbor

²Chemistry Department, Edo State College of Agriculture, Iguoriahi

Email: ese.umudi@yahoo.com

Abstract

The composition of kaolin clay collected from Ozanagogo, Umutu and Otorho in Delta State were studied for their purity, and their mineralogical composition using X-ray diffractometer and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The elemental compositions determined were CaO K₂O, MgO, Na₂O, Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, SiO₂ and structural water, while heamatite was a major impurity. The CaO was the major tracer and was within acceptable limits for a variety of uses. Mineralogical analysis revealed the presence of kaolinite and quartz in all CaO ranges from clay types in different amount 10.31% in Otorho to 30.21 in Ozanagogo Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ which were minor tracer element were 29.62%- 39.90% and 30-17- 42.37%. The highest being Ozanagogo clay. The kaolin quality obtained from Ozanagogo was within the limits accepted by British Industrial Standards, (BIS) and American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standard specification for use in manufacturing of many products

Keywords: kaolin, X-diffractometer, Quality, Mineralogy, Clay.

DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE CONCENTRATION FROM TOBACCO CIGARETTE

M. Musa, E.A  Bagna, U. Abdulmuminu, L. Abubakar, S. Muhammad, S.M Adamu

Department of Chemistry, 

Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Email: mustaphamusa63@yahoo.com

Abstract: Tobacco is a plant of night shaded family which possesses high nicotine concentration in its leaves, Nicotine is a naturally occurring alkaloid found primarily in the members of the Solanaceae family, which includes tobacco. Nicotine, (C₁₀H₁₂N₂) (S)-3-(1methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine, is the most abundant of the volatile alkaloids in the tobacco leaf. Tobacco have different chemical characteristics and nicotine concentrations, based on that, this research analyse and compare the concentration of nicotine in fifteen different tobacco as claim by the manufacturers (cigarette) using UV-Spectrophotometer. The result of the analysis shows that there is inconsistency in the actual amount of nicotine and the stated concentration of nicotine on the manufacturer’s package

Keywords: Tobacco, Cigarette, Nicotine, Concentration

A REVIEW OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN IMPROVING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: IMPLEMENTATION OF PRACTICE AND CHALLENGES

Zakaria Umar Jidda^*, Sahabo Abubakar, Umar Mohammed, Mai Bukar Ngawaitu

Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology

Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

Email:sahaboaj@yahoo.com

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Abstract

The concept of opting for Total Quality management in both manufacturing industries as well as human services sector, lead to a greater competition among their peers to win consumers satisfaction and needs by providing quality products/services. With the emergence of TQM philosophy in the mid-20^th century under Deming’s guidance. A lot of models and theories resurface to developed TQM and its implementation in organizational performance to deal with current challenges in quality improvement with utmost efficiency and effectiveness. Total quality implementations meet numerous challenges in improving performances. This paper reviews the concept of performance practice and implementation. Recommendation will be provided to overcome these challenges.

Keywords: Total Quality Management (TQM), Manufacturing, Organizational Performance, Challenges, Implementation.