Table of contents

Phytochemical and Anti Bacterial Activity of   Ziziphus Mucranata

Leaves Extract

Garba,U.,  Gayari, M.S., Boyi, M.Y and  S/Dogarai, B.B                                                 1-18

Study On The Effect of Different Concentration of Drumstick (Moringa oleifera)

Leaf Extract on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Water Mellon

(Citrullus lanatu)

Karaye I.U. , Shehu A.A., Sulaiman B. and Hannatu M.L                                              19-33

In vitro Callus Induction Potentials of Wheat Genotypes using Mature

Embryo as ex-plant source under different levels of Polyethylene glycol (PEG)

M.K. Haruna, C.U. Aguoru, C.C. Iheukwumere, C.I.C. Ogbonna, and I.D. Salisu         34-56

Effects of Titanium dioxide Nanoparticles on Population Growth rate of

Brachionus calyciflorus, pallas, 1766.

Oluwagbemiga Areo                                                                                                   57-74

EFFECTS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON POPULATION GROWTH RATE OF BRACHIONUS CALYCIFLORUS, Pallas, 1766.

Oluwagbemiga Areo,

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to determine the toxicity of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) to a freshwater planktonic rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus. Reconstituted water was used as the medium for the toxicity tests for both acute and chronic exposures. Acute concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00mg/l of TiO₂ NPs were used, from which the value of LC₅₀ was obtained to establish chronic concentrations of 0.0065, 0.008 and 0.016mg/l of TiO₂ NPs. The result of the acute toxicity test showed that TiO₂ NPs was toxic on Brachionus calyciflorus with 81.67% mortality recorded as the concentration of the toxicant increased from 0.01mg/l to 1.00mg/l and LC₅₀ of 0.065mg/l. For chronic exposure, population growth rate was determined. The exposure lasted 18 days, after which the population growth rate of the test organism significantly declined with increasing concentrations of TiO₂ NPs, with the best population growth rate of 0.304d^-1 at 0.0065mg/l concentration. This proves that TiO₂ NPs are toxic on Brachionus calyciflorus, which paves way for a potential inference in offsetting the entire freshwater habitat. However, for more efficiency, further studies should be directed towards measures of preventing and or controlling the accumulation of TiO₂ NPs in freshwater bodies and on aquatic organisms.

In vitro Callus Induction Potentials of Wheat Genotypes using Mature Embryo as ex-plant source under different levels of Polyethylene glycol (PEG

M.K. Haruna¹, C.U. Aguoru², C.C. Iheukwumere², C.I.C. Ogbonna³, and I.D. Salisu⁴

¹Department of Biology, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.

²Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.

³Department of Biotechnology, University of Jos, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Biotechnology, Jigawa Research Institute, Kazaure.

Email: mokharry2013@gmail.com           

ABSTRACT

This work was carried out at Jigawa Research Institute Biotechnology Laboratory Kazaure to determine callus induction potentials of 16 wheat genotypes using matured embryo as ex-plant source under different (PEG) levels. The experiment had six treatments (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) including control with each replicated three times and the necrotic percentage taken showed varieties 8(53.3%), 7(60%) and 28(61.1%) had minimal necrotic callus, while ANOVA shows that there is significance difference between the treatments percentage values (P<0.05), while there was positive correlation among the genotypes. Also the total number of callus recorded for each variety across treatment showed an encouraging callus production in varieties 8(38), 7(34), 2(32) and 6(31), however (ANOVA) shows significant difference between the treatment  mean values (p<0.05) while Pearson correlation coefficient among the genotypes indicated that there was positive correlation.

Keywords: Callogenesis, drought stress, embryo culture, tissue culture, Triticum aestivum L.

Study On The Effect of Different Concentration of Drumstick ( Moringa oleifera ) Leaf Extract on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Water Mellon (Citrullus lanatu)

¹Karaye I.U. , ² Shehu A.A., ²Sulaiman B. and ²Hannatu M.L

¹Depertment of Biological Sciences Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto,

²Department of Biology Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto

Email: ikaraye09@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

A study on the effect Moringa Oleifera leaf extract on Citrullus lanatus was carried out at the Biological Garden of Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The aim was to determine the effect of Moringa leaf extract at different concentration on seed germination and early seedling growth of C. Lanatus (water Mellon). Aqeotus extract was prepared by driving freshly leaf formed Moringa leaves with water and filted out to obtain liquid extract which was then diluted with water in the following concentrations: 0ml, 20ml, 40ml, 60ml, 80ml. control treatment was set up using disliked water only. The six treatment were applied directly on C. lanatus seeds raised in 18 poly pots of 18cm long 2cm wide. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomize design in three (3) replicate. It was run for 15 days. Data were collected on number of leaves, stem high, root length, shoots fresh and dry weight at harvest, while germination rate was within 15 days of the experiment and where subjected to analysis of varience. Result obtain showed significant (P˂ 0.05) effect of the treatment on all the characters measured. Base on the results obtain, Moringa leaf extract has an improving effect on seed germination and growth of C. lanatus parts farmers are therefore recommended to adopt the use of this extract since it is easier, inexpensive, cheaper and can be obtain in large quantities in order to meet up demand of large hectares of land 

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTI BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ZIZIPHUS MUCRANATA LEAVES EXTRACT

Garba U.,  Gayari, M.S., Boyi, M.Y and  S/Dogarai, B.B

Department of Chemistry

Shehu Shagari College of Education Sokoto

Email: umar.g4000@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This research work investigate on the major active chemical constituents present in the leave of the ziziphus mucranata (Ramnaceae) and anti-bacterial activity of different extracts of the plant leaves. Ziziphus mucronata (Rhamnaceae), commonly known as buffalo thorn, is native to Northern Nigeria. The percentage yield (%) of the extracts were quantified, whereby Aq, MeOH, Ethyl acetate and DCM extracts possessed 0.92%, 2.20%, 1.98% and 1.65% respectively. Conclusively, Leaves of Ziziphus mucronata reveal some degree of anti-bacterial activities against staphylococcus and E.coli, these activities may be traced to either alkaloids or steroids. These indicate that most of medicinal plants used in ethnomedicine are potentially useful pharmacological and nutraceutical in the treatment of some pathogenic microorganisms. This research may contribute to the clear understanding of antibacterial activities of the plant. Health benefits and biodiesel/biofuel of the plant should be tested.

Keywords: Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Extraction, Ramnacea, ethnomedicine, biofuel.