Percentage Carbomonoxide Estimation and Measurement of Malondialdehyde, Catalase Vitamin E and Vitamin C in Relation to Oxidative Stress in Exhaust

Fume in Humans.

Idoko Alexander, Muhammad Gwarzo Yalwa, Ibrahim Usman Muhammad,

Rita Ogochukwu Ngwu  and Nwali Onubuiwe Nelson                                                                        1-24

Proximate, Phytochemical Quantification and Antidiarrhoea Potential of

Gongronema Latifolium Extractin Albino Rats.

Nwachoko, Ndidi., Onuoha, Samuel C., Amadi, Justus O.                                                       25-33

Dynamics of Organic Carbon and Phosphorus on a Soybean Field Amended with Biofertilizers, Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers

M. O. Adigun, O. A. Babalola,  I. O. Abiola and N. E. Etukudoh                                              34-51

Analysis of Hydrocarbons Released through Hydropyrolysis of Asphaltenes

Obtained from High Temperature Coal Tar

Ivwurie, W. & Appi, T.S                                                                                                            52-58

Antimicrobial Potentials of Ocimum gratissimum linn: leave Extracts against Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi.

Afuape, A.O., Kadiri, M., Agboola, D.A., Adekunle, M.F., Ajiboye, A. Keshinro, O. Oluwalana, S.A.            59-75

ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIALS OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM LINN: LEAVE EXTRACTS AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI.

¹Afuape, A.O., ²Kadiri, M., ²Agboola, D.A., ³Adekunle, M.F., ⁴Ajiboye, A. ¹Keshinro, O. ³Oluwalana, S.A.

¹Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, ²Department of Pure and Applied Botany, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, ³Department of Forest and Wildlife, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta,

⁴Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti

Email: afuape.abolaji@mapoly.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

Curing of diseases caused by pathogenic organism is important in health care system and trial of alternative medicine is important in this for good health care delivery. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts of Ocimum gratissimum Linn.leaves was conducted using ethanol (70%), Corn Steep Liquor (CSL), and water as solvents and tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum using Agar well diffusion method. These organisms were collected on sterile agar slant and incubated at 37⁰C for 24 hours. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was also determined. Four different concentrations of the extracts were employed including 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml.  The findings indicated that the effect of the different concentrations of the extract of CSL, aqueous and ethanol were significantly different (p < 0.05) on the bacterial and fungal isolates tested. However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the zone of inhibition observed in aqueous extracts at 150 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml on Salmonella typhimurium, Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum.  The least MIC value was found to be 6.25 ± 0.00 mg/ml and 5.21 ±1.04 mg/ml exerted by the ethanol extracts of Ocimum gratissimum at 200 mg/ml concentration against bacterial and fungal isolates respectively and these values were not significantly different (p < 0.05) with the value of the control (5.21 ± 1.04 mg/ml).  Ethanol extracts of O. gratissimum L. leaves at 200 mg/ml concentration recorded highest tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid and phenol values of 12.53 ± 0.08 mg/ml, 0.910 ± 0.010 mg/ml, 0.765 ± 0.015 mg/ml and 0.805 ± 0.005 mg/ml respectively when compared with its aqueous and CSL extracts. The antimicrobial potency of Ocimum gratissimum leaves is determined so that the nutritional and medicinal properties could be exploited judiciously. The results confirm the effective use of this plant in medicine, food system and pharmacy.

Keywords: Alternative, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Extracts, Corn Steep Liquor (CSL)

ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBONS RELEASED THROUGH HYDROPYROLYSIS OF ASPHALTENES OBTAINED FROM HIGH TEMPERATURE COAL TAR

Ivwurie, W. & Appi, T.S

Department of Chemistry,

Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria

Email: wivwurie@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

The asphaltenes prepared from high temperature coal tar were subjected to hydropyrolysis to determine the percentage yield of hydrocarbon from asphaltene matrix. Open column chromatography  performed on asphaltene hydropyrolysate gave a percentage recovery of 90 %, suggesting that this process is an effective tool for the release of bound hydrocarbons in asphaltene matrix.

Keywords:  Asphaltenes, coal tar, Hydropyrolysis

DYNAMICS OF ORGANIC CARBON AND PHOSPHORUS ON A SOYBEAN FIELD AMENDED WITH BIOFERTILIZERS, ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS

M. O. Adigun¹*, O. A. Babalola², I. O. Abiola³, O.O Afolabi¹ and N. E. Etukudoh⁴

^1*Department of Biological Sciences, Crawford University, Faith City, Igbesa, Ogun State, ²Department of Soil Science and Land Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria

³Crop Production Technology Department, Federal College of Forestry, Jericho, Ibadan, Nigeria

⁴Department of Soil Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt,

Email: micadigun@crawforduniversity.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the dynamics of organic carbon and phosphorus of the soil shown to soybean. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments to study the effect of poultry manure at 0, 5, 10 tons/ha, phosphorus source chemical fertilizer (SSP, mycorrhizal) and Bradyrhizobium on the growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max). Treatment was replicated three times.  Observations was taken at 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th and 14th week after planting (WAP) on the Agronomic data of soybean plant. Also the chemical properties of the soil were taken before and at harvesting. Significant difference between the treatments in some growth and yield parameters of soybean were obtained. The result shows that there were different responses of the crop as a result of various treatments. Crops inoculated with treatment performed better in plant height, leaf area, stem girth for growth parameters and in soil minerals (Organic C and available P), while significant difference were observed in yield component such as the weight of 100 seed/hectare. The study concludes that soybean growth and soil obtained minerals was enhanced by the interactive effect of treatments which include the poultry manure, Bradyrhizobium and the phosphorus source (SSP, Mycorrhizal). That is, 5 tons/ha of poultry manure with Mycorrhizal produced the highest yield of soybean within the week interval.

Keywords: Soybean, Mycorrhizal, Bradyrhizobium, Single super phosphate, Poultry manure.

PROXIMATE, PHYTOCHEMICAL QUANTIFICATION AND ANTIDIARRHOEA POTENTIAL OF GONGRONEMA LATIFOLIUM EXTRACT IN ALBINO RATS.

¹Nwachoko, Ndidi., ²Onuoha, Samuel C., ³Amadi, Justus O.

¹Department of Biochemistry, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

²Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State

³Department of chemistry (Biochemistry option), Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State,

Email: blessedconfidence@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Diarrhoea is a potentially morbid condition with high prevalence worldwide, it constitute a major health situation especially in children under the age of five years old. The world health organization has encouraged studies that can bring about solutions to diarrhoea. Thus this work investigated the proximate, phytochemical quantification and antidiarrhoea potential of G. latifolium extract with experimental animals. The result of the proximate analysis reviewed carbohydrate composition to be the highest, followed by the protein composition while fat had the least value. The result of the phytochemical analysis, showed high percentage saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids. Also the result of the antidiarrhoea study showed a reduction in the degree and frequency of defecation of diarrhoea stool. The result indicates that the ethanolic extract of G. latifolium contains compounds that could inhibit castor oil induced diarrhoea.

Keywords: Diarrhoea, Gongronema latifolium, Phytochemicals, Proximate .

PERCENTAGE CARBOMONOXIDE ESTIMATION AND MEASUREMENT OF MALONDIALDEHYDE, CATALASE VITAMIN E AND VITAMIN C IN RELATION TO OXIDATIVE STRESS IN EXHAUST FUME IN HUMANS.

Idoko Alexander^1*, Muhammad Gwarzo Yalwa², Ibrahim Usman Muhammad³, Rita Ogochukwu Ngwu¹  and Nwali Onubuiwe Nelson¹

¹Department of Biochemistry, Caritas University Amorji – Nike, Enugu, Nigeria.

²Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

³Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

E-mail: idokoalexander1@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

 Health threatening effects of exhaust fumes have been voluminously reported. However, the need to specifically determine the percentage estimation of Carbon monoxide (as Caroxyhemoglobin, (COHB), along with Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT), Vitamin E and Vitamin C becomes imperative. A total of 120 apparently healthy non smokers commercial tricyclists and non-drivers in Kano Metropolis, were used to achieve this investigation. This research was designed in phases I and II, of sixty subjects each for the investigation of possible oxidative stress. Each phase was grouped into two of thirty five and twenty five each, group I served as test control (commercial tricyclists, N = 35) and group II served as normal control (non-drivers, N = 25). A significant increase (p<0.05) in Malondialdehyde (MDA), Vitamin E and Vitamin C was observed in test control group compared to normal control in both phases, and exceptionally, Catalase (CAT) in phase II. In both phases, there was no statistical significant difference between the test group compared to control group in Carboxyhemoglobin (COHB), and Catalase (CAT) in phase I. Higher plasma Malondialdehyde in test group was suggestive of higher oxidative stress in the subjects. The observed increase levels of the biomarkers of oxidative stress are strongly related to the free radicals generating potential of CO in exhaust fumes inhaled by these subjects, which also indicate the danger of exposure of exhaust fumes at any minute quantity.