EFFECT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Annona muricata SEED ON LIVER FUNCTION ENZYMES IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MALE MICE

Agbai E.O.¹ and Nwanegwo C.O.²

¹Department of Human Physiology, Madonna University Elele, Rivers State Nigeria.

²Department of Human Physiology, Imo State University, Owerri Nigeria.

E-mail: madonna3k5@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study investigated the methanolic extract of Annona muricata seed on some liver enzymes: serum alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in alloxan-induced diabetic rats as well as the liver histology. Twenty male mice were used in this study. Sixteen mice were alloxanized (200 mg/kg of alloxan intraperitoneal (i.p.). The four control (group A) mice were administered normal saline (i.p). The mice were confirmed diabetic and randomly divided into four experimental groups (B, C, D, and E). Group A (control) received normal rat chow, Group B (diabetic control) received normal rat chow, Group C received 200 mg/kg of Annona muricata seed extract, Group D received 400 mg/kg of Annona muricata seed extract, and Group E received 600 mg/kg of Annona muricata seed extract. At the end of 30 days experiment, result showed statistically significant difference in blood glucose level between Group A (CONT) (92.33 ± 8.81mg/ml) compared to Group B (485.67 ± 16.19 mg/ml) Group C (137.33 ± 11.61 mg/ml), and Group D (130.00 ± 9.54 mg/ml) at P < 0.05. There was no statistically significant difference in blood glucose level of Group A (CONT) (92.33 ± 8.81 mg/ml) compared with treated diabetic Group E (106.00 ± 7.23 mg/ml) at P > 0.05. There was a statistically significant decrease in body weight at P < 0.05 between the final body weight and initial body weight of Group C (32.73 ± 1.30 vs. 45.00 ± 1.50), Group D (33.47 ± 1.56 vs. 45.07 ± 1.65), Group E (32.33 ± 2.96 vs. 44.33 ± 1.45) but no statistically significant difference at P > 0.05 between the final body weight and initial body weight of Group A (CONT) (37.33 ± 3.71 vs. 37.00 ±3.51), and Group B (38.07 ± 1.55 vs. 44.20 ± 0.61).In serum ALP level, result showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in Group A (CONT) (10.91 ± 3.34 μ/L) compared to Group B (29.50 ± 0.44 μ/L), statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between Group B (29.50 ± 0.44 μ/L) compared to Group C (15.64 ± 7.78 μ/L) and Group E (13.64 ± 7.21 μ/L) and no statistically significant between Group A (CONT) (10.91 ± 3.34 μ/L) compared with Group C (15.64 ± 7.78 μ/L) and Group E (13.64 ± 7.21 μ/L) at P > 0.05.In serum AST level, result showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in Group A (CONT) (56.25 ± 4.35 μ/L) compared to Group B (82.73 ± 1.16 μ/L), statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between Group A (CONT) (56.25 ± 4.35 μ/L) compared to Group E (37.33 ± 25.96 μ/L) but no statistically significant between Group A (CONT) (56.25 ± 4.35 μ/L) compared with Group D (57.33 ± 25.45 μ/L) at P > 0.05.In serum ALT level, result showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in Group A (CONT) (13.50 ± 3.66 μ/L) compared to Group C (5.33 ± 1.33 μ/L), statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between Group A (CONT) (13.50 ± 3.66 μ/L) compared to Group B (32.00 ± 0.78 μ/L. However, there was no statistically significant between Group A (CONT) (13.50 ± 3.66 μ/L) compared with Group D (14.00 ± 5.13 μ/L) and Group E (13.67 ± 1.67 μ/L) at P > 0.05. Group E photomicrograph showed normalization of cells and reduced sinusoids compared to Group B photomicrograph which showed a marked focal dilation with congestion of the central vein. Therefore, data suggest that increased dose concentration of methanolic extract of Annona muricata seed restored significantly decreased serum ALP, AST and ALT, and restored cytoarchitecture of liver hepatocytes.