Some Toxic Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy

Nwozor C.M.

Department of Physiology

Anambra State University, Uli Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria

E-mail: corneliusnwozor@gmail.com

ABSTRACT Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the heath conditions of those living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). This has encouraged more HIV-positive patients to be enrolled into care. Problem of side effects exists. Some of these side effects are mild and transient; few are serious and life-threatening. There are short term and long term adverse effects. Some short term effects include headache, nausea, diarrhea, mild central nervous system syndrome of lethargy or confusion. Long term toxicities include; myositis, peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, and hepatic steatosis. Severe adverse effects have contributed to non-adherence and have caused some patients to delay therapy. Physicians need information on toxicities of ART in order to appropriately weigh the option of second line drugs. HIV- positive patients should be well informed in order to allay anxiety and fear, thereby helping them to adjust to a more tolerable regimen. In conclusion, the numerous benefits of antiretroviral therapy such as decreased risk of progression to AIDS and improvement in physical and mental health far outweigh some adverse effects that may