THREAT TO DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN NIGERIA 

Okunola   Muyiwa   Olabode

Department of Political Science, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science

Federal University Kashere Gombe- State

Email: Okunolamuyiwa20@gmail.com

Abstract: Nigeria since independence has been struggling with challenges of consolidating her young democracy. In fact, the country is at crossroad on how to institutionalize democratic norms and ethos in the polity. We have had aborted democratization in the past and military guided democracy in our democratic experience. These arose from bad leadership, economic crisis, corruption, and disregard for the rule of law, impunity, and lack of credible opposition, secessionist threat and militant agitation among others. The thrust of this paper is an in-depth study on democratic consolidation in Nigeria: issues and challenges. Using retrieval data technique, the paper argued that certain factors like independent of judiciary, impartial electoral commission, corruption free institution, vibrant opposition parties to mention few are necessary ingredients for democratic consolidation in Nigeria.

Keywords: Consolidation, Democracy, Political History and Panacea and Threat 


GEOLOCATION – THE EFFECT OF RELOCATION ON CONFLICT

Mavalla, Ayuba Gimba

Peace and Conflict Studies in Department of Political Science & Public Administration

School of Veronica Adeleke of Social Science

Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State

Email: Mavallaa@babcock.edu.ng

Abstract: The proliferations of academic literature on theories that adequately captured the causes, nature and the categories of conflict has left a gap, the absence of a theory that sufficiently explain the dynamics of conflict that are motivated by a divide of dwelling place, which provide a potential for violence between dwelling places. The possibility of people who are at each other throat could adjust to bury their historical enmity and their differences, but collaborate to fight those they separated their dwelling places. The conflict that arises from these two different locations often defies the conventional ties such as ethnicity, religious affiliation, and even blood relations. The paper is multi-disciplinary, employing qualitative research methodology. The discipline is Peace and Conflict Studies. The sources will include: interviews, internet, and library resources, personal and historical events. Historically, the paper made reference to violent conflict between the ten Northern tribes and the two Southern tribes of Israel. The second historical sources is the segregation between the British Colonial officials those heading to the Northern Protectorate and the ones going to the Colony and the Southern Protectorate. The potential for conflict transformation for historical enemies to be reconciled with one another as a result of living in the same geographical location is fascinating. The evidence present and assessed in this paper suggests that the understanding of the dynamics played by geo-location factor could help in transforming violent conflict.

Keywords: Geo-Location, Conflict, Ethnicity, Protectorate, Mediation

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Mavalla, Ayuba Gimba (2016), Geolocation – The Effect of Relocation on Conflict. J. of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Vol. 8, Number 2, Pp. 87-100.


AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF FISCAL POLICY MEASURES AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA

Abomaye-Nimenibo, Williams Aminadokiari Samuel & Inimino, Edet Etim

Department of Economics, Obong University, Obong Ntak, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria,

Department of Economics, Obong University, Obong Ntak, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Email:wasanim2006@yahoo.com & clergyedet1@yahoo.com

Abstract: The paper examines fiscal policy measures and unemployment in Nigeria from 1980 to 2014. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of fiscal policy on unemployment rate in the Nigerian economy. To achieve this objective, we utilized data on government capital expenditure, government recurrent expenditure, unemployment rate and government tax revenue sourced from CBN statistical bulletin. The econometric method of co-integration/Error Correction Mechanism was employed as the analytical tool. The result of the parsimonious ECM shows that the overall model is satisfactory given the coefficient of determination of 55 percent and f-statistic of 2.442869. In addition, the government capital expenditure appeared with the right sign i.e., negative and statistically significant at 5% level of significance in reducing unemployment rate in Nigeria. But government recurrent expenditure and government tax revenue were not statistically significant at 5% level of significance in reducing unemployment rate in Nigeria. Furthermore, the coefficient of the parsimonious ECM has the appropriate sign that is negative and statistically significant at 5% level. Meaning that, the short run dynamics adjust to long run equilibrium relationship. Based on the findings above, the study suggests; Government should increase her capital expenditure and ensure a well combination and coordination of both fiscal and other policies to increase employment opportunities in Nigeria. Government should avoid mismanagement of national resources, misappropriation of funds and wasteful spending. Fiscal policy should be given more attention towards reducing unemployment in Nigeria. Government should create more entrepreneurial skill acquisition programmes to aid self employment which in turn will reduce unemployment. Also, there should be smooth co-ordination and consistency in fiscal pursuits to solve the problem of unemployment in Nigeria.

Keywords: Economic Policy, Fiscal Policy, Unemployment, ECM and Government Expenditure



State. Nigeria.

Mobile: 08023251748/08053007271

Wasanim2006@yahoo.com.

&

INIMINO, Edet Etim

Department of Economics, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Mobile: 07061887921

Email: clergyedet1@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study examines international trade and economic growth in Nigeria from 1980 to 2014. The broad objective of the study is to examine the impact of international trade on economic growth in Nigeria. To achieve this objective, time series data on gross domestic product (GDP), export (EPT) exchange rate (EXR) and Trade openness (TOP) were sourced from CBN statistical bulletin. The econometric methods of unit root test, Johansen co-integration test and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) were employed as the analytical tools. The result of the parsimonious ECM shows that the overall model is satisfactory given the coefficient of determination of 82 percent and f-statistics of 8.958. Furthermore, it also reveals that there is a significant relationship between international trade and economic growth in Nigeria during the period of study. That is, international trade (proxied by exchange rate, trade openness and export) has impacted on economic growth (proxied by GDP) during the period of study. In addition, the long run dynamic result reveals that there exists a long-run relationship or equilibrium among the variables. This is because the coefficient of ECM is negatively signed and statistically significant. Meaning that, the short run dynamics adjust to long run equilibrium relationship. It was therefore concluded that there is need to maintain suitable or appropriate trade policy regimes regarding export, trade openness and the rate of exchange in order to foster economic growth in Nigeria.

KEY WORDS: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Export (EPT), Exchange rate (EXR) and Trade Openness (TOP).


MONETARY POLICY AND BALANCE OF PAYMENTS IN NIGERIA: A CO-INTEGRATION SCRUTINY

Abomaye-Nimenibo, Williams Aminadokiari S. &Inimino, Edet Etim

Department of Economics, Obong University, Obong Ntak, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Department of Economics, University of Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Email:wasanim2006@yahoo.com, clergyedet1@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study examines balance of payments and monetary policy in Nigeria from 1980 to 2013. The main purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between monetary policy and balance of payments in Nigeria. The data for the study were sourced from CBN statistical bulletin. The variables were tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey fuller test. Also, Johansen co-integration method was the main tool for the analysis. From the Johansen co-integration result, we discover that there are two co- integrating equations because Max-Eigen Statistical values are larger than critical values.Thus, we accept the alternative hypothesis that there is a long run relationship between balance of payments (BOP), interest rate (INT), money supply (MS) and government expenditure (GEX). Meaning that,uninterrupted, appropriate and suitable monetary policy has the ability to solve balance of payments problem in Nigeria. Based on the above findings, the paper recommends that monetary policy should be complemented with an effective fiscal policy to improve the Nigeria’s balance of payments situation.


THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOAN RECOVERY STRATEGIES IN COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES, STUDY OF SELECTED THRIFT COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN LAGOS STATE

BAMISILE Julius, Ojo

OduduwaUniversity,Ipetumodu

julibamisile@yahoo.com

08035615902

ABSTRACT

This study examines the effectiveness of loan recovery strategies and the impact  thereof on cooperative members. Two hundred co-operators were sampled with one nighty three found useful. the sample covers five co-operatives coordinating area of Lagos state. Pearson correlation co-efficient was used to analyze the hypothesis. Results shows that strict collateral, loan interest charge and favoritism affects loan repayment both possibly and negatively. However, it was observed that educating members will to large extent impact positively on the performance of co-operative members.KEY WORDS: Co-operative Society, Strategy, Loan, Effectiveness


EFFECT OF GUIDED INQUIRY METHOD (GIM) ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS AMONG STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT COGNITIVE STYLES IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN AKWA IBOM STATE

Balama Jospeh Obomanu, A.A.O Mumuni & Ibanga, Aniefiok Adolphus

Curriculum Studies and Educational Technology

University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State.

Email: kanabadafe@rocketmail.com

Abstract: The study investigated the effects of Guided Inquiry Method (GIM) on academic achievement of students with different cognitive styles using a pre-test, post-test control group design. The instruments for the study were the Cognitive Style Test (CST) used for classifying the sample of 320 students into three cognitive style groups and Achievement Test in Chemical Thermodynamics (ATCT). The reliability coefficients of the instrument are 0.84 and 0.74 respectively, using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation formula (PPMC). Data generated in the study were collated and analyzed using mean and standard deviation for answering the research questions while the two-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and student t-test were used for test of hypotheses. Results showed that there was no significant difference in students’ academic achievement in chemical thermodynamics when taught with Guided Inquiry Method, based on their cognitive styles. However, there existed a significant effect of location of schools and teaching methods on the academic achievement of students in chemical thermodynamics. Based on these findings, it was recommended that chemistry teachers should adopt Guided Inquiry Method as a pedagogical intervention in teaching chemical thermodynamics in order to enhance improvement of students’ academic achievement in the concept.


Table of Contents

The Effects of Short Term Memory and Reading Comprehension on Students’ Performance in Chemistry in Jere, Borno State, Nigeria

Rhoda E. Camble                                                                                                                     1-20

Students’ Dress Code and Indecent Dressing

Maria Olanrewaju Ewulo                                                                                                         21-26

Assessment of Classroom Questioning by Teachers on Students’ Academic Achievement in Secondary Schools in Delta State

Enwefa Chiekem                                                                                                                      27-36

Gender and Single Parenting as Correlates of Deviant Behaviour among

Secondary School Students in Delta Central Senatorial District

Onakpoberuo, Blessing Obakpororo, E.E Ebenuwa – Okoh & A. Onoyase                               37-54

Needs to Reconsider Biology for all Students in Nigeria Senior Secondary Schools

David Akinjide Akintola                                                                                                          55-61

Effect of Guided Inquiry Method (GIM) on Academic Achievement in Chemical Thermodynamics among Students with Different Cognitive Styles in Public Secondary Schools in Akwa Ibom State

Balama Jospeh Obomanu, A.A.O Mumuni & Ibanga, Aniefiok Adolphus                               62-82



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