THREAT TO DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN NIGERIA 

Okunola   Muyiwa   Olabode

Department of Political Science, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science

Federal University Kashere Gombe- State

Email: Okunolamuyiwa20@gmail.com

Abstract: Nigeria since independence has been struggling with challenges of consolidating her young democracy. In fact, the country is at crossroad on how to institutionalize democratic norms and ethos in the polity. We have had aborted democratization in the past and military guided democracy in our democratic experience. These arose from bad leadership, economic crisis, corruption, and disregard for the rule of law, impunity, and lack of credible opposition, secessionist threat and militant agitation among others. The thrust of this paper is an in-depth study on democratic consolidation in Nigeria: issues and challenges. Using retrieval data technique, the paper argued that certain factors like independent of judiciary, impartial electoral commission, corruption free institution, vibrant opposition parties to mention few are necessary ingredients for democratic consolidation in Nigeria.

Keywords: Consolidation, Democracy, Political History and Panacea and Threat 

GEOLOCATION – THE EFFECT OF RELOCATION ON CONFLICT

Mavalla, Ayuba Gimba

Peace and Conflict Studies in Department of Political Science & Public Administration

School of Veronica Adeleke of Social Science

Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State

Email: Mavallaa@babcock.edu.ng

Abstract: The proliferations of academic literature on theories that adequately captured the causes, nature and the categories of conflict has left a gap, the absence of a theory that sufficiently explain the dynamics of conflict that are motivated by a divide of dwelling place, which provide a potential for violence between dwelling places. The possibility of people who are at each other throat could adjust to bury their historical enmity and their differences, but collaborate to fight those they separated their dwelling places. The conflict that arises from these two different locations often defies the conventional ties such as ethnicity, religious affiliation, and even blood relations. The paper is multi-disciplinary, employing qualitative research methodology. The discipline is Peace and Conflict Studies. The sources will include: interviews, internet, and library resources, personal and historical events. Historically, the paper made reference to violent conflict between the ten Northern tribes and the two Southern tribes of Israel. The second historical sources is the segregation between the British Colonial officials those heading to the Northern Protectorate and the ones going to the Colony and the Southern Protectorate. The potential for conflict transformation for historical enemies to be reconciled with one another as a result of living in the same geographical location is fascinating. The evidence present and assessed in this paper suggests that the understanding of the dynamics played by geo-location factor could help in transforming violent conflict.

Keywords: Geo-Location, Conflict, Ethnicity, Protectorate, Mediation

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Mavalla, Ayuba Gimba (2016), Geolocation – The Effect of Relocation on Conflict. J. of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Vol. 8, Number 2, Pp. 87-100.

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF FISCAL POLICY MEASURES AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA

Abomaye-Nimenibo, Williams Aminadokiari Samuel & Inimino, Edet Etim

Department of Economics, Obong University, Obong Ntak, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria,

Department of Economics, Obong University, Obong Ntak, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Email:wasanim2006@yahoo.com & clergyedet1@yahoo.com

Abstract: The paper examines fiscal policy measures and unemployment in Nigeria from 1980 to 2014. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of fiscal policy on unemployment rate in the Nigerian economy. To achieve this objective, we utilized data on government capital expenditure, government recurrent expenditure, unemployment rate and government tax revenue sourced from CBN statistical bulletin. The econometric method of co-integration/Error Correction Mechanism was employed as the analytical tool. The result of the parsimonious ECM shows that the overall model is satisfactory given the coefficient of determination of 55 percent and f-statistic of 2.442869. In addition, the government capital expenditure appeared with the right sign i.e., negative and statistically significant at 5% level of significance in reducing unemployment rate in Nigeria. But government recurrent expenditure and government tax revenue were not statistically significant at 5% level of significance in reducing unemployment rate in Nigeria. Furthermore, the coefficient of the parsimonious ECM has the appropriate sign that is negative and statistically significant at 5% level. Meaning that, the short run dynamics adjust to long run equilibrium relationship. Based on the findings above, the study suggests; Government should increase her capital expenditure and ensure a well combination and coordination of both fiscal and other policies to increase employment opportunities in Nigeria. Government should avoid mismanagement of national resources, misappropriation of funds and wasteful spending. Fiscal policy should be given more attention towards reducing unemployment in Nigeria. Government should create more entrepreneurial skill acquisition programmes to aid self employment which in turn will reduce unemployment. Also, there should be smooth co-ordination and consistency in fiscal pursuits to solve the problem of unemployment in Nigeria.

Keywords: Economic Policy, Fiscal Policy, Unemployment, ECM and Government Expenditure