ASSESSING INTERNATIONAL MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES FOR MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE 21ST CENTURY

¹Dibie, V.M., & ²Nto,C. P.O

^1&2Department of Marketing

College of Management Sciences

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike,Abia State,Nigeria

Email: v.dibie@yahoo.com, ntochioma@ymail.com

Abstract

This paper assessed international market entry strategies for medium enterprises (MEs) in the 21st century. On the basis of the outcomes the paper examined how and why MEs adopt specific strategies to get to their foreign markets of choice. The method of study adopted in the paper is review of related literature. From the literature reviewed, the paper among other findings, discovered: (i) that, in attempting to define MEs by different countries, there seem to be no standard definition across countries, in terms of number of employees and financial -base; (ii) that, in assessing international market entry strategies for MEs in the 21st century, existing strategies were only discussed generally. There were no observable efforts from the scholars to classify the strategies according to firm (business) industry or country; and (iii) that, in examining the specific international market entry strategies for MEs to get to their foreign markets of choice the emphasis of the scholars, in terms of associated benefits and risks, was on the MEs only. The associated benefits and risks of such strategies to host countries were not reasonably discussed. These findings have implications for international market entry mode to firms and host countries. As a basis for addressing the gaps observed in the reviewed literature, one of the recommendations of the paper is that; to help MEs better while choosing entry strategies to get to their foreign markets of choice, more effort should be made among researchers to classify strategies according to situations relating to specific firms, industries and countries.

Keywords: International Market, Entry Strategies, Medium Enterprises

PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES OF FISCAL FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA

Timbee Akuul

Department of Political Science,

Benue State University, Makurdi

Email: timbeeakuul@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract

The Nigerian state has faced the challenge of coming up with a revenue sharing formula that is acceptable to all Nigerians. This has generated crisis over revenue allocation and sharing since independence. Between 1946 and 1980, revenue sharing formula in the country was reviewed eight times. These reviews indeed recommended that revenue sharing should be based on principles of derivation, population, even development need and national interest. Based on these principles, the Federal government percentage has always been higher than those of all other federating units. This has generated crisis leading to clamour for resource control by some states of the federation. In order to solve this problem, there is need to introduce a revenue sharing formula that will be acceptable in meeting the development aspirations of all federating units in the country. This can be achieved through depoliticising revenue sharing process, addressing issues of injustice and inequality in resource allocation, decongesting enormous powers at the centre and instituting accountability and selfless governance at all the levels of government in the country.

Keywords: Problem, Challenges, Fiscal, Federalism, Nigeria.

ELECTION AND LIBERAL DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA’S FOURTH REPUBLIC: ISSUES AND CHALLENGE 

M.M. Adagbabiri, U.C. Okolie

Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria

Chartered Institute of Personnel Management of Nigeria,

Edo State Branch, Benin City, Nigeria

Email: Ugookolie3@gmail.com, adagbabirimoses@gmail.com

Abstract

The paper analyzed the recurring election crisis under liberal democratic system in Nigeria. One of the major instruments of selecting political representatives who govern the people is election. Credible periodic elections are the crucial factor in the survival of any political system and the conduct of free and fair election is the beauty of a democratic structure. This is because it makes electoral activities meaningful and the interest of the electorates represented. But in Nigeria especially in this fourth republic. Elections have become a tool for promoting the interest of the aristocrat rather than the electorates. The philosophical basis and fundamental ethos of democracy are being swept under the carpet making the Nigerian elections to lose faith in the electoral process and the government. The paper with the use of structure agency theory, argued that elections in which “the winner takes all” is unsuitable for a plural society like Nigeria. Adoption of the liberal democratic system to suit the country’s cultural values and peculiarities should lay the basis for people centered development strategies that will empower them to be active participants in policy making and implementation, under a political climate characterized by the rule of law and constitutionalism. Unless these categorical steps are taken, the legitimacy of democracy as the best form of governance will continued to be corroded.

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: M.M. Adagbabiri, U.C. Okolie (2017), Election and Liberal Democracy in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges. J. of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Vol. 9, Number 2, Pp. 1-16