NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Anure, Joseph .K.

Department of Academic Planning and Performance

Fidei Polytechnic, Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria.

E-mail: kanure@yahoo.com

Abstract: As humanity enters the third millennium Nigeria is bewildered by myriads of economic, political and social problems, which show either no or very little sign of diminishing. The country is plagued by economic depression, political instability, rising ethnic tension, kidnapping, religious conflicts, social malice, inflation, appalling corruption as a system and failure of democracy and state responsibility to citizen. A major issue for the country and the masses is the issue of endemic poverty, which is a denial of fundamental human rights and underdevelopment in all sectors of the economy. The United Nations has set up 8 Millennium Development goals and all its agencies are working towards the achievement of such goals. In Nigeria also the target of development has been shifted from 2000 to 2015. Many organizations have committed themselves as development partners both internally and internationally this paper looks at the importance of non-governmental organizations in the national development of Nigeria. NGOs should contribute to the development of Nigeria by investing in education, agriculture, housing, roads constructions, and health and human services.


AN EVALUATION OF AFRICAN UNION (AU) AND THE PROTECTION

OF HUMAN RIGHTS (1990- 2012)

Matawal A.B.

Department of Political Science

University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

E-mail: matawaladams@yahoo.com

Abstract: The paper attempts the evaluation of the African Union as a multilateral organization at fifty (50) since its establishment in 1963 as Organization of African Union, until its transformation to AU in 2002. Its activities cover political, social, economic, and security issues as well as harnessing the natural and human resources, social issues, harnessing of the entire-continent for the total advancement of the people. However, despite this laudable role, the issue of human rights protection in the continent has continued to be a critical concern for citizens of the continent. This indeed might be responsible the continent’s inability to attain political and economic independence and to compete favorably with other continents of the world. Apart from achieving freedom for the continent, the Union has not been able to protect the rights of its teaming populace as encapsulated in the African Charter. This has generated series of violent conflicts across the continent thereby obstructing the desired political and economic integration for over half a century. The researcher utilized the normative method of analysis to describe the state of human rights in Africa and the role the AU has played in the protection of these rights. It was observed that human rights in Africa have been so violated, as most of the political leaders have perpetuated their stay in power against the will of the people. Thus, the dissatisfied citizens have responded by not only disrespecting the state but by rather taking up arms against it, as is witnessed in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Nigeria, etc.  Finally, the researcher made recommendations and then drew conclusion.


THE INDIGENE-SHIP QUESTION AND ITS IMPLICATION ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA 

1Kyernum, N. and 2Agba, A.S.

1&2Department of Sociology

University of Mkar, Mkar.

E-mail: nguverenkyernum@gmail.com, agbasolomon55@gmail.com

Abstract: The Nigeria constitution makes provision for her citizens to live and secure means of livelihood, own property and enjoy other opportunities without discrimination in any part of the country. However, it appears the desire to eliminate others from certain privileges within a given geographical area under the auspices of  ‘non-indigene-ship‘ raises its ugly head, this is made manifest  in the recognition of  non-indigenes at various levels; states, local governments, districts, clans, and sometimes even kinship groups. This leads to discrimination in different aspects ranging from job opportunities, admission opportunities, access to arable land and other economic opportunities. Using a library research approach and critical observation the paper applies the critical theory of race and racism to clarify the concepts of indigene, settler, and national development. It examines the socio-economic implication of indigene/settler relationship on the development of Nigeria and concludes that, national development will be better achieved with practical unity and co-operation. Suggestion are made among others that, all  policies leading to discrimination against Nigerian citizens be abandoned to make room for full utilization of human and natural resources to ensure development.


LOCAL GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC GOODS: SOME LESSONS FROM THE

BRITISH LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM

Olayiwola, A.R.O.

Department of Political Science

Lagos State University (LASU), Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria.

E-mail: nusramurana@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as amended) guarantees the system of Local Government by democratically elected Local Government Councils. The Law that ensures the existence of such councils should provide for their establishment, structure, composition, finance and functions. In the same vein, the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution enumerates the functions to be conferred by Law upon Local Government Councils. Such main functions include the participation of councils in the Government of a State as respects: (a)The provision and maintenance of primary, adult and vocational education; (b)The development of agriculture and natural resources and (c)The provision and maintenance of health services, to mention just a few. This paper on Local Governance and Public Goods contends that Local Government System in Nigeria has abysmally failed to comply with the constitutional provisions as well as in the performance of stipulated functions for the benefit of local populace. Despite the propaganda on the Local Government Reform, the grass root Local Governance with the expected public goods and where the people in the locality can identify and solve their local problems without external interference are yet to be realized. The paper compares and contrasts the Nigerian Local Government System with/to that of Britain and submits that although, the British system itself is not perfect, nevertheless, there are lessons to be learnt in Local Governance and Public Goods, especially, on the performance of functions, the financing, composition, structure, establishment and general services of the Local Government Councils.


THE EFFECTS OF PARENTAL DIVORCE ON SOCIALIZATION IN BENUE STATE

1Sambe N., 2Kyernum N. and 3Abanyam, N.L.

1,2&3Department of Sociology

University of Mkar, Mkar, Benue State, Nigeria.

E-mail:  ngutors@gmail.com

Abstract: The paper investigates the impact of parental divorce on socialization in Benue State using premarital birth and educational attainment as indices. Simple random probability sampling technique was used in the selection of 300 samples in the three zones of the state while percentages and chi-square was used in analysis of data as the study adopted Economic deprivation theory. There was a significant relationship between divorce and pre-marital birth as a significant relationship was found between divorce and educational attainment. It was concluded that divorce has a negative impact on socialization in the state. The study recommends for implementation of policies to improve access to education by children of divorced parents; need for couples to settle their difference peacefully; more efforts by social welfare authorities to manage marital problem; statutory provisions for parents to mutually assume responsibility of their children’s education during divorce and advocacy on dangers associated with divorce.


THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CRIMINALITY ALONG NIGERIA-BENIN REPUBLIC BORDERS AND WORSENING INSECURITY IN NIGERIA

1Ahmed, L.E. and 2*Chilaka, F.C.

1Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

2*Department of Political Science, Renaissance University, Ugbawka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

E-mail: ahmedlukmandr@gmail.com, chigozielaski@gmail.com

Abstract: Most of the problems of African countries lie within the issue of boundary disputes. African states were at the eve of independence arbitrarily partitioned with artificial boundaries by the colonial masters. To say that an appreciable percentage of countries within the continent are faced with the challenge of porous borders, which allows different kinds of illegal trans-border activities to thrive, is to say the least. The aim of this article is to examine the political economy of cross border criminality between Nigeria and the Benin Republic. Hence, the objective of this article is to interrogate if there is any relationship between the Nigeria-Benin cross-border crimes, and the worsening security situation in Nigeria. The analysis was anchored on the political economy theory. This is because the production of material subsistence of the society determines its corresponding superstructure. Thus, as the capitalist mode of social production and distribution intensifies, crimes and insecurity, and other related issues deepen. The article relied extensively on secondary sources of data, using qualitative descriptive analysis. After a critical analysis of available data and evidence, the article revealed that there is a relationship between Nigeria-Benin Cross-border crimes, and the worsening security situation in Nigeria. In fact, the Boko Haram menace in Nigeria has been linked to several neighbouring African countries like Chad, Niger and Benin Republic. The article recommended, among other measures, that there is need for Nigeria to strengthen exiting joint border control commissions with the Benin Republic and, by extension, other neighbouring countries (i.e., Niger, Chad and Cameroon), to fight trans-border crimes. The Nigerian government should also guarantee appropriate national control measures, such as appropriate legislation and regulatory actions, upgrade skills in crime investigation, and enforcement techniques, and equip all law enforcement agencies adequately.


THE ROLE OF MARITAL STRESS AND GENDER IN DEPRESSION AMONG PARENTS WITH MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN

Hyacinth E. Mgbenkemdi

Department of Psychology

Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.

E-mails: iamejike@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: This study examined the role of Marital Stress and gender in depression among parents with mentally retarded children. Twenty seven (27) parents comprising 11 males and 16 females were drawn from Evami Special School Independence Layout, Enugu for the study. Cross- section Survey was used. Omoluabi (1994) 50-item Marital Stress Inventory and Radloff (1977) 20-item (CES-D scale) Center for Epidemiological Study Depression scale validated by Okafor (1997) with reliability index scoring of 0.85, Ugwu (1998) with concurrent validity index scoring of 0.41 and Omeje (2000) with reliability and validity index scoring of 0.85 and 0.92 respectively measuring depression in a general population were administered. 2×2 Analysis of Variance F-test as statistical test revealed no significant influence of marital stress on depression, F (1, 23) = 0.14 at P> .05. Gender, also, did not influence depression, F (1, 23) = 0.41 at P> .05. It was concluded that marital stress and gender as independent and interacting factors had no role in depression among this sample of parents with mentally retarded children.


FEELING OF REDUCED PERSONAL ACCOMPLISHMENT: STRAIN-BASED

WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT AS A CORRELATE

Ejike A.0.

Department of Psychology

Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.

E-mail: aejyke@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study investigated strain-based work-family conflict as correlate of feeling of reduced personal accomplishment among married female teachers with children. A total of 304 female secondary school teachers between the ages of 26 to 54 years (M= 40.37 and SD =4.09) with educational qualifications ranging from National Certification of Education to Masters of Education Degree were drawn from 24 Government Secondary Schools within Enugu, the capital city of Enugu State in the South-eastern part of Nigeria using criterion sampling technique. A 6-item strain-based work interference with family and 4-item strain-based family interference with work scales drawn from Okonkwo (2011) 32-item Work-Family Conflict Scale, and 8-item feeling of reduced personal accomplishment scale drawn from Maslach and Jackson (1986) 22-item Burnout Inventory were administered. Correlational design was used. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used as statistical test for data analysis. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between strain-based work interference with family and feeling of reduced personal accomplishment, r (302) = 0.18, p <.01. Also, a significant positive relationship between family interference with work and feeling of reduced personal accomplishment, r (302) = 0.14, p <.01.


Table of contents

Farmers Perception and Management of Grain Legumes Storage Insect Pests

in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria

Degri, M.M., Mshelia, J.S. and Amina S.S.                                                                                 1 – 9

Bathymetric Survey for the Dredging of San Bartholomew River in Akukutoru

Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

K.U. Orisakwe, Aliyu A., and Sarkinzango I.                                                                             10 – 18

Estimation of Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Potential of Mubi

Daniel A. Aremu and Ibrahim, U.H.                                                                                         19 – 26

Incidence of Abandoned Landed Properties in Ogbomoso and Osogbo:

 A Spatial Perspective

Akindele, O.A.                                                                                                                          27 – 36

Acaricidal Activity of Aqueous Extract of Cassia sieberiana DC (Caesalpiniaceae)

On Hyalomma KOCH, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) Larvae

Biu, A.A., Abdulkadir, M.A., Konto, M., Mohammed, A., Fadimatu, M. and Emmanuel, S.        37 – 42

Efficacy of Traditional Herbs as an Alternative to Antibiotics Used in Aquaculture

Akinyemi, A.A. and Ajagbe, S.O.                                                                                              43 – 51

On Time Series Models and Prediction of Deposits and Loans of Rural

Branches of Commercial Banks in Nigeria

Ojo, J.F.                                                                                                                                    52 – 62

Speciation of Selected Trace Metals in Soil Samples from Dumpsites in Lafia,

Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Egila, J.N., Ibrahim, E.G.  and Ibrahim, M.A.G.                                                                          63 – 73

Effect of Methanolic Extract of Annona muricata Seed on Liver Function Enzymes in

Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Male Mice

Agbai E.O. and Nwanegwo C.O.                                                                                              74 – 83

Assessment of Pipe-Borne Water Supply in Malumfashi Town, Katsina State

as a Challenge to Research and Innovation for Economic Development in

Globalizing Africa

Haruna Saleh and Abdulmalik M. Sada                                                                                   84 – 92

Consequences of Violating the Assumptions of OLS in the Presence of

Autocorrelation

Uchendu, Bartholomew .A.                                                                                                      93 – 100

Science and Economic Development

M. Mustapha, Abubakar L. and M.U. Muhammad                                                                   101 – 106

Computer Simulation Package and Gender as Predictors of Students’

Achievement in Biology

Olumide, Olubukola Joyce                                                                                                       107 – 120

Fuelwood Harvesting as Means of Income in Gora and Zuturung Districts in

Zangon Kataf Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Yunana, Mba Abui and Shat, A.                                                                                               121 – 132

The Study of Environmental Sciences Towards Developing the Economy of

Nigeria

Azi, A.O., Agbo, G.A., Aluge, U.D., and Ogbuebor, W.O.                                                          133 – 140

Assessment of Palm Wine Market in Edo State

Omofonmwan E.I, Ashaolu O.F., Ayinde I.A., and Fakoya E.O.                                                 141 – 151

Properties of Concrete Made With Ordinary Portland Cement Partly Replaced

with Rice Husk Ash and Pulverised-Fuel Ash

Yunusa A. Alhassan and Danladi Egbunu                                                                               152 – 158

Reaction at the Inter-Vertebral Disc Due to Variation of Posture of Lumbar

Spine and the Consequences on the Lower Back Pain

M.Y. Mafuyai, B.G. Babangida, E.S. Mador, D.D. Bakwa and Y.Y. Jabil                                     159 – 168

Hepatoprotective Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa in Alloxanized Mice

Agbai E.O. and Nwanegwo C.O.                                                                                              169 – 175

Land Degradation in Delta State, Nigeria: Forms and Causes

Ogboi, E. and E. Nmor                                                                                                             176 – 182

Threat of Erosion in College of Agriculture, Jalingo, Taraba State

Imamud-deen, T.Y. and Abdulhamid S.                                                                                   182 – 191

Potentials of Stabilizing Emission of Carbon Dioxide in the Building Sector

Dodo Y.A., Adetunji A.B. and Abubakar S.K.                                                                             192 – 198                                                                


POTENTIALS OF STABILIZING EMISSION OF CARBON

DIOXIDE IN THE BUILDING SECTOR

Dodo Y.A.1*, Adetunji A.B.2 and Abubakar S.K.3

1Department of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor-Bahru, Malaysia

2 & 3Department of Architecture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria.

E-mail: dyaaminu@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

It is estimated that by 2030, five billion people will live in urban areas throughout the world. Adoption and enforcement of mandatory commercial building energy performance standards is not widespread, particularly in developing countries, Nigeria is yet to be at the forefront of climate change policy forum at regional and international levels despite the alarming effect of changing climate on lives and livelihoods across the 6 geo-political zones of Nigeria. A case study of Lagos was examined to its full potential in achieving one of the possible solution to climate change and reduction in carbon release to the atmosphere ‘green building’ Lagos city has emerged a growing primate city, growing than any other city in sub-Saharan Africa with an estimated population of over 25 million by 2015. Nigeria is a country with huge potential, vast human and natural resources and a huge deficit of over 2 million housing unit in both urban and rural area hence, the need for major infrastructure to be put in place for it to become a developed nation. There lies great potential for construction and establishing of green buildings since it form part of the Architecture 2030 organization which shows that stabilizing emissions in the building sector and then reversing them to acceptable levels is a key to keeping global warming to approximately 10C (1.80F) above today’s level. The proposed dynamic new city would raise from the Atlantic Ocean adjacent to Victoria Island Lagos, tag Eko Atlantic City. A project expected to be the Dubai of Africa when completed would provide one with the potentials of stabilizing emission of carbon dioxide in the building sector in Nigeria.


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