EVALUATION OF ORGANIC WASTE GENERATION FROM HOUSEHOLDS IN MAKARFI TOWN, MAKARFI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE 

¹Yunana, Mba Abui, ²Bonet, Rikichi Atiyong and ³Ali Nehemiah

¹Department of Environmental Management

Kaduna State University, Kafanchan Campus, Kaduna State, Nigeria

^2&3Sciences and Technology, Shehu Idris College of Health, Makarfi, Kaduna State, Nigeria.                                                                                                            E-mail: abuimbayunana@yahoo.com, atiyongbonet@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Organic wastes are wastes generated from human activities in all places of human habitation and are capable of undergoing aerobic and anaerobic decomposition with the emission of gases with obnoxious and offensive odour, air, water and land pollution which has the propensity to cause human health related problems, environmental degradation and loss of aesthetic beauty of the environment. In order to assess the organic waste generation from households in Makarfi Town, four objectives were set as thus: to investigate the types of Organic Waste generated by each household on a daily basis, to determine the quantity of Organic Waste generated on a daily basis per household, to examine the utilization of Organic Waste generated by each household and to examine the method used in the management of organic waste generated by each household in Tudun Wada Ward. Field assessment and descriptive survey design and structured questionnaire were used. 97 household were sampled out randomly in the five areas. Polythene bags were provided to each of households to be storing the organic waste generated from each homes on a daily basis for a period of five months. A calibrated weighing scale was used to weigh the organic waste generated per each household and recorded. The results obtained indicated that there is high rate of organic waste generation per household and these waste are generated more during weekends which is higher than the average of residential waste generation rate in Nigeria which is 0.45-0.65kg/person/day. 15.47% of the households utilize their organic waste for composting and animal feeding and 16.49% do not utilize their waste for any purpose, 46.39% of the households dispose their waste indiscriminately on open dumps and 21.49% recycle and reuse their waste. It is recommended that households should utilize all the organic waste generated either for composting, biogas production or use the garbage to feed animals. This will promote and enhances environmental sustainability and transformation.

MICRO–ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKED CURED FRESH WATER PRAWN IN OPEN MARKETS IN ABEOKUTA, NIGERIA.

Akinyemi, A. A.

Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management,

Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

E-mail: adeoluakinyemi@yahoo.com, akinyemiaa@unaab.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to isolate and characterize microorganisms of smoked cured Microbranchium. Examination of smoke prawn sold in the four (4) different markets in Abeokuta (Itoku, Lafenwa, Kuto and Omida) revealed the presence of micro–organisms, with the intestine having the highest range of bacteria load, followed by the skin, while the carapase had the least. The bacteria load ranged from 2.0×10⁴gin the gill of smoke hake prawn from Lafenwa market to 9.3×10⁵g in the intestine of smoke panaeidae from Omida market. The following species of micro-organisms were detected: Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. with Micrococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. being the least occurring. While some samples from Elega markets harboured five different types of bacteria. Rhodo-oorula spp. and Candida spp. were more prevalent on smoke prawn than molds (Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp.). These micro–organisms cause food spoilage and poisoning. Some are probably post-processing contaminants. Local method of processing (smoking) fish seems to be inadequate for prolonging their shelf-life, thus; the need for better and improved processing techniques.

MAGNETIC ANOMALIES AND STRUCTURES IN SONG, HAWAL BASEMENT COMPLEX NORTHEASTERN NIGERIA

*Barka, J. **Bassey, N.E. and *Tabale, R.P.

*Department of Geology, Gombe State University

** Department of Geology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola.

E-mail: joebarka@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Digitized data obtained from the aeromagnetic map covering Song and environs ranges from 32640 to 33000 gammas and the amplitude of residual magnetic anomaly ranges from a minimum of -63 to a maximum of 90 gammas. Areas of positive residual magnetic anomalies were interpreted in terms of intrusive/extrusive marfic rocks owing to the geological evidence of basaltic rocks in the area while negative residual magnetic anomalies were interpreted in terms of the presence of gneisses, granites, migmatite and non-magnetic sedimentary rocks of the Tertiary age. Qualitative interpretation of the magnetic anomaly map covering the study area revealed a regional trends of N-S to NE-SW, NW-SE and E-W, this character of magnetic field support the results obtained from the structural geologic mapping of the area and could be genetically related to trends of magnetic grains within structures such as faults, foliations, joints, shear deformation, dykes and veins encountered within the area during a follow-up ground truthting.

USING GIS AND GPS TECHNIQUES IN MAPPING ROAD ACCIDENT PRONE AREAS IN JALINGO TOWN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

J.D. Edan¹, Aliyu A.² and Sarkinzango I.³

Department of Surveying & Geoinformatics

Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria

E-mail: johnsonedan@yahoo.com, aminu.aliyu48@yahoo.com, sakinzango@yahoo.com or imohammed@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT In this paper, effort has been made to map out road accident prone areas in Jalingo metropolis using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). Street guide map of Jalingo metropolis and road accident data for the year 2009, 2010 and 2011 were used in identifying and mapping of the accident prone areas. GPS coordinates were taken and used for geo-referencing and digitization using AutoCAD Land Development and Arc GIS 9.2 which give the digital map of accident prone areas. In addition, accident particulars for the year 2009, 2010 and 2011 such as, location, type of vehicle involved, and number of persons injured or dead were also collect and included in a GIS database. It was revealed that year 2011 had the highest number of accidents due to the growing population and increase in number of vehicles. The result revealed that the distribution of accident varies depending on the types of road surface at the time of accident, the type and number of vehicles involved in the collision. It is recommended that Police, Road Safety, VIO official and other transport workers will find this study useful in identifying remedial measures for the improvement of safety.        

ASSESSMENT OF SLAUGHTER HOUSE WASTE IMPACTS ON THE DRY SEASON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF AKU STREAM

¹Christopher U. Okoronkwo, ²Patrick A. Ogwo and ¹Nwachukwu O. Ndubuisi 

¹Department of Microbiology

²Department of Environmental Resource Management

^1&2Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria.

E-mail pfaikon78@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The effects of slaughter house waste on the physico-chemical content of Aku stream was studied by collecting triplicate samples from the five designated sampling stations and 150 meters apart from each stations. The mean values of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (7.23mg/L), Hardness (28.43mg/L), SO₄² (407 mg/L), NO₃ (575mg/L), Ca²⁺ (46.30mg/L), K⁺ (214.81mg/L), Zinc (6.48mg/L), pH (6.23), Total solids (0.13mg/L) were consistently higher than the values obtained from downstream and upstream sampling points. The same trend continued from temperature (29⁰C), Mg⁺ (2.19 mg/L), Cu (0.12mg/L). Two-way analysis of variance show significant difference in the five stations sampled at 5% level (P<0.05). The parameters analyzed did not fall into the World Health Organization standard of drinking water quality. Therefore, Lokpanta and its environs should be provided with alternative source of drinking water.

LADDERING AS A RESEARCH TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING HOUSING CHOICE AND PREFERENCE

Zinas, Z.B.

Department of Architecture

Moddibo Adama University of Technology, Yola Adamawa State Nigeria

E-mail: bzinas@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The concept of the Laddering technique is composed of a series of interview questions. The purpose of these questions is to uncover the hidden links between the choices an individual makes and the underlying motivations behind those choices. The insight gained from this process is invaluable and has numerous practical applications. Laddering is a methodological measurement technique that the Means-End Chain (MEC) model utilizes. Clinical psychologists first introduced the laddering technique in the 1960s, as a method of understanding people’s core values and beliefs. This paper reviews the laddering methodological technique, and presents some research examples conducted within the domain of housing environment research.