Table of Contents

Abattoir Survey of “Pimply Gut” Amongst Slaughter Small Ruminants in

Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria

Biu, A.A., et al                                                                                                                          1 – 4

Adsorption Studies for the Removal of Cu (II) and Pb (II) from Aqueous

Solution by Local Adsorbent using Nonlinear Regression Methods

Uwadiae, S. E.                                                                                                                          5 – 15

Economic of Snail Rearing in Ndukwa West Local Government

Area of Delta State, Nigeria

Uche Okeke                                                                                                                             16 – 28

Preliminary Survey of the Diversity of Insects of Hadejia–Ngura Wetlands

Abubakar, M. M., Kutama, A.S. and Sulaiman, M. I.                                                                 29 – 34

In Vitro Antioxidants and Total Phenolic Contents of Three Medicinal

Plants Commonly Used in North – East Nigeria

Aliyu Daja, Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant, Zainab Kassim M., and Abubakar Gidado                       35 – 43

The Curse of Oil; The Unspoken Ecological and Environmental

Devastation in the Niger Delta Region of Southern Nigeria

Ferdinand Daminabo and Owajionyi Frank                                                                            44 – 51

Common Non-Articular Syndromes among Nigerians

Oguntona S.A., Adelowo O.O. and Edunjobi S.A.                                                                     52 – 56

Efficacy of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss Leaf Aqueous Extract against

Bacteria Isolated from the Guts of Ixodid Ticks in Maiduguri, Nigeria.

Biu A. A., et al                                                                                                                          57 – 61

Antibacterial activity of Ethanolic extracts and Essential Oil of Spices

(Lemon grass and Holy basil) on Selected Human Pathogens

Afuape A.O., Osifeso O.O., and Adewunmi A.R.                                                                       62 – 72

An Evaluation of Students Perception of Hospitality as a Career Choice in Nigeria

Muntari Ado Matazu                                                                                                               73 – 85

Assessment of Marketing Tomato Fruits (Lycopersicon Esculentum)

among Women in Ughelli North Local Government Area, Delta State

Okpeke, Mercy Yemi                                                                                                                86 – 95

Compliance with Safety Behavior among Industrial Workers: Any Effects of

Training and Level of Education?

Okonkwo Ejike A., Okoro Chinwendu M., and Nwandu Ikechukwu B.                                     96 – 105

Investigation on the Effects of Vehicle Emissions on Human Health

in Ondo State, Nigeria

Durotoluwa A. O and Mogaji, K. O.                                                                                         106 – 115

Some Applications of Enumerative Techniques for k-Separable and

k-Inseparable Elements of Set X

M. Laisin, O. C. Okoli,  Ujumadu R. N.  and Nsiegbe A. N                                                       116 – 122

Inhibitory Properties of Crude Ethanolic extract of Gossypium Hirtusum

Leaves on Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Chicks

Abraham O. J., Ezeifeka, G.O., Odiba, P.A., Yahaya, O., Yusuf, D., Haruna, I.,

Yahaya-Oruma, U., Miachi, O.E. and Joshua, M. T.                                                                  123 – 127

The Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Pollen Viability and Viscosity

 of Shemfhen– An Indgenous Cultivar of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.Moench).

Thomas T.L. and Tukur K.U.                                                                                                     128 – 131

Residents’ Perception of the Effectiveness of Community Development

Programmes in Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State

Pere-ere Felix Victor and Erekpokeme Lucia Nemine                                                              132 – 138

Suitability of Afaka Borrow Pit for Subgrade and Base Materials

Abimiku J., Pogu J.H. and Bala A. B.                                                                                        139 – 146

Quality Characteristics of Biscuits Produced from Composite Flours of Wheat,

Cocoyam and Golden Melon Seed.

Raji, O.H., Ilori, O.A., Olorode O.O.and Orelaja, O.T.                                                               147 – 156

QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF BISCUITS PRODUCED FROM COMPOSITE FLOURS OF WHEAT, COCOYAM AND GOLDEN MELON SEED.

Raji, O.H.¹, Ilori, O.A.², Olorode O.O.⁴ and Orelaja, O.T.³

^1,3,4Department of Food Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta

²Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta

E-mail: traj332002@yahoo.com   

Abstract: Biscuits are nutritive snack produced from unpalatable dough that is transformed into appetizing products through the application of heat in the oven. Cocoyam corms and golden melon seed were processed into flour blends and biscuit was produced from wheat, cocoyam and golden melon flour blends. The composite flour was analyzed for functional properties like bulk density, water absorption, swelling power, solubility and dispersibility while Proximate properties like protein, fat, crude fibre, moisture content, carbohydrate; and sensory analysis were carried out on different blends of the biscuit produced using standard methods. The result of proximate properties shows that addition of golden melon flour (GF) at 10, 15, 20% had low moisture content. No significance difference (P<0.05) was observed in the Ash and crude fibre content of all samples. The fat content had an increase at 5% level of golden melon flour (GF). The highest carbohydrate content was observed in the biscuit containing the highest proportion of cocoyam flour (CF). The biscuit sample with 60%(WF):30%(CF):10%(GF) has the highest protein content. On the basis of sensory score, biscuit produced from 70%WF: 25%CF: 5%GF were ranked highest and more acceptable than others.  The successful supplementation of golden melon flour (GF) at 10% level brought an increase in the protein content which will help to alleviate the problem of protein energy malnutrition since consumption of biscuit in Nigeria is high.

SUITABILITY OF AFAKA BORROW PIT FOR SUBGRADE AND BASE MATERIALS

Abimiku J., Pogu J.H. and Bala A. B.

Department of Civil Engineering

Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna State

E-mail: ubbe.eggon@yahoo.com, joshpogu@yahoo.co.uk, abdullahibala50@gmail.com

Abstract: The Afaka Mando borrow pit in Kaduna metropolis was investigated for its engineering properties with respect to its suitability as subgrade and base materials in road construction. This was achieved by carrying out laboratory tests on the soil samples for engineering properties such as the natural moisture content, specific gravity, sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, compaction and California bearing ratio. Particle size analysis shows that the percentages passing sieve No 200 range from 0.3 to 0.8%.The liquid limit ranges between 17.31 and 29.2%,  plastic limit ranges from 10.56 to 12.43% and the plastic index ranges between 5.6 and 16.77%.The California bearing ratio (unsoaked) ranges from 12.72 to 33.23%.  The Specific gravity ranges between 2.37 and 2.4 which is not good, while the maximum dry density ranges between 1.76 and 1.98g/cm³ with their optimum moisture content ranging from 9.0 to 17.24% while the natural moisture content was 17.25 to 21.38%. From the result, and according to the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing  Specifications for roads, this lateritic material can be used for subgrade because the C.B.R. is not less than 10%  but cannot be used for base course because the C.B.R. is less than 80%. The result also shows that the lateritic samples are classified as silty or clayey gravel sand (A-2-4).

RESIDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN YENAGOA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BAYELSA STATE

¹Pere-ere Felix Victor and ²Erekpokeme Lucia Nemine

¹Department of Adult and Community Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

²Department of Agricultural Education, Isaac Jasper Boro College of Education, Sagbama, Bayelsa state, Nigeria

E-mail: perekiridi@yahoo.com; lulunemine@gmail.com

Abstract:  Yenagoa local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria has been the recipient of several community development programmes initiated by the Government. The perception of residents was assessed to ascertain if these programmes have improved their lives. Four hundred residents were randomly selected for the study. Questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection. Data was analyzed using percentages and chi-square statistics. The study revealed that people are aware of government programmes/projects but are not involved in the process of initiating, planning and implementation of these programmes/projects, that these programmes/projects have not improved the living conditions of the people thus, peoples’ perception of  the programmes/projects are dissatisfactory. It is recommended that government should execute programme that are the felt need of the people

Keywords: Perception, Residents, Effectiveness, Community Development

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON POLLEN VIABILITY AND VISCOSITY OF SHEMFHEN- AN INDGENOUS CULTIVAR OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L.Moench).

Thomas T.L. and Tukur K.U.

Department of Biological Sciences

Taraba State University, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria

E-mail: kabirtukur12@yahoo.com

Abstract: Seeds of the shemfhen cultivar of okra were collected from Kwambai village, Takum Local Government area of Taraba State to determine the effects of levels of nitrogen fertilizer (NPK 27:10:10) on pollen viability and viscosity (draw quality) of the cultivar. The treatment consisted of three concentrations of the NPK 27:10:10 fertilizer and the fourth which is zero to serve as control (0, 5, 10 & 15g per stand). The different concentrations formed the plots. The cultivation was done in the research farm of MAUTECH, Yola located within latitude 9⁰ 19⁰ N and longitude 12⁰ 30⁰E with an average annual rainfall of 69mm. Cytological analysis of the pollen and viscosity test of the fruits from each plot were assessed. Pollen viability and viscosity gradually increased with increase in concentration of the NPK 27:10:10 fertilizer. However, at concentration 15g per stand many of the okra plants welted and died before maturity. Therefore, concentration 10g per stand is recommended for optimum viability and viscosity. It is concluded that pollen viability and viscosity of the cultivar are both genetically & environmentally determined.

INHIBITORY PROPERTIES OF CRUDE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF GOSSYPIUM HIRTUSUM LEAVES ON NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS (NDV) IN CHICKS

 Abraham, O. J.¹, Ezeifeka, G.O.⁴, Odiba, P.A.², Yahaya, O.¹, Yusuf, D.², Haruna, I.³, Yahaya-Oruma, U.², Miachi, O.E¹. and Joshua, M.T ¹.    

¹Biology/Microbiology Unit, Dept of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Idah Kogi State.

²Chemistry/Biochemistry Unit, Dept of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Idah, Kogi State.

³Mathematics/Statistics Dept, Federal Polytechnic, Kogi State.

⁴Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State.

E-mail: josephpyiguh@yahoo.com.

Abstract: Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) causes Newcastle disease in poultry and grows readily in embryonated eggs. Infection of poultry by NDV results in huge economic losses to farmers and prevention is only by means of vaccines which are not assessible and affordable and have also not protected the poultry industry from frequent outbreak of the disease. This necessitated the invention of an alternative control method, thus the antiviral activity of the ethanolic extract of Gossypium hirsutum leaves on NDV was studied using chicks. Extract of the plant was obtained by Soxhlet extraction. Antiviral study was carried out with Forty five (45) 8- weeks old chicks arranged into nine groups of five.  0.2ml of 10^-2 dilution of the LD₅₀ concentration (10^8.7 particles/ml) of the virus (Hertforthshire isolate) was injected into each chick in seven groups. The extract (10mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 100mg/ml, 150mg/ml, 200mg/ml and 250mg/ml) was fed to seven groups by gavaging. Three groups served as virus, extract and negative controls respectively. The chicks were observed for virus and extract activity for fourteen days. One chick died onday one in the group fed with 10mg/ml, while two deaths were observed on day two in the groups fed with 10 and 20mg/ml of extract respectively. No death was observed in any group afterwards. There was no significant difference in protection (P<0.05) and antiviral activity across the concentrations. The ethanolic extract of the plant was found to be non toxic (p< 0.05) to the chicks. Therefore, the ethanolic extract of G. hirsutum has antiviral activity (p < 0.05) on Newcastle disease Virus and it is safe for use on chicks. Further studies should be carried on the toxicological effect at other concentrations and the plant should also be screened for antiviral activity on other viral diseases.

SOME APPLICATIONS OF ENUMERATIVE TECHNIQUES

FOR k-SEPARABLE AND k-INSEPARABLE ELEMENTS OF SET X

M. Laisin,  O.C Okoli,  Ujumadu R. N.  and Nsiegbe A. N

Department of Mathematics, Anambra State University Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Email: laisinmark@yahoo.com; odicomatics@yahoo.com

Abstract: We considered applications of r-arrangements of elements of the set X, applied various techniques (Listing, counting and mathematical methods) to obtain the total number of the given r-arrangement. Listing become difficult, if the number of elements of the set X are large ( ) as in some applications that we shall solve by applying the results obtain by Moore and et al. We applied listing, counting and the Enumerative techniques by Moore, and et al to solve the applications.

Keywords: k- inclusion, k- non-inclusion, k-inseparable inclusion, k-inseparable non- inclusion   

INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTS OF VEHICLE EMISSIONS ON HUMAN HEALTH IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

¹Durotoluwa A. O and ²Mogaji, K. O.

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State Nigeria

²Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State Nigeria*

E-mail: mogajikehinde@yahoo.com

Abstract

The increasing volume of vehicular traffic in Nigeria contributes immensely to urban air pollution with its attendant degradation of air quality arising from it. Vehicular emissions generally include oxides of nitrogen, sulphur, carbon hydrocarbon, mercury and leads. The effects of vehicular emissions on human health, vegetation and environments were investigated in three locations of Ondo state (Ondo Town, Akure and Ikare) while, a fourth location (Okeagbe) was used as a control since it has low levels of pollution. The investigation was carried out with the use of questionnaires and laboratory experiments. Experiments were conducted on rainwater collected from each location to determine the level of acidity, pH and presence of dissolved substances such as NO₃, SO₄ and CO₂ in them. Physical effects on vegetation, buildings and structures were also observed. The results obtained from questionnaires show that on the average, 23 %, 18 %, 29 %, 5 % and 24 % were respectively affected by sleeplessness, running nose, heavy eyes, asthmatic attack and headache. The location (distance from the type of fuel, availability of industries, and concentration of traffic) determine the impacts of these emissions on the ecosystem.

COMPLIANCE WITH SAFETY BEHAVIOR AMONG INDUSTRIAL WORKERS: ANY EFFECTS OF TRAINING AND LEVEL OF EDUCATION?

¹Okonkwo Ejike A., ²Okoro Chinwendu M., and ³Nwandu Ikechukwu B.

¹Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu,

²Department of Guidance and Counseling, African Thinkers Community of Inquiry College of Education, Enugu

³Department of Public Administration, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu

E-mail: aejyke@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study examined the effects of training and level of education on compliance with safety behavior among industrial workers. Thirty two participants comprising 16 trained and 16 untrained industrial workers between the ages of 24 to 52 years (M= 38.41, SD= 6.19 years) were systematically sampled. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (1998) training manual and Geller (1998) Behavior-Based- Safety (BBS) training guideline were used for the training (treatment). Safety Behavior Compliance Checklist was used for data collection. A Two-Way randomized between-groups factorial design was used while a Two-Way ANOVA F–test was applied as a statistical test for data analysis. The results revealed that training yielded a significant effect on compliance with safety behavior among industrial workers, F (1, 28) = 21.92, p <.05 level of significance while level of education yielded no significant effect on compliance with safety behavior among industrial workers, F (1,28) = .056, p > .05 level of significance. These outcomes were discussed in the light of the practical effectiveness of safety training using behavior-based safety approach. Considering the outcomes of this study, it was concluded that safety training is one of the best approaches to effect behavioral changes in the workplace. Thus, it was recommended that employers of labor should engage in safety training of their workers in order to maximize the benefits therein. The findings also have practical implications for identifying safety training as an effective mechanism for cultivating safety behaviors in the workplace via compliance.

Keywords: Compliance, Safety Behavior, Training, Level of Education, Industrial Workers

ASSESSMENT OF MARKETING TOMATO FRUITS (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM) AMONG WOMEN IN UGHELLI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, DELTA STATE

OKPEKE, MERCY YEMI

Department of Agric. Extension and Management, School of Agric.

Delta State Polytechnic, Delta State, Nigeria.

E-mail: mercyokpeke@gmail.com; okpekemercy@yahoo.com

Abstract: The paper examined the marketing of tomato fruit in Ughelli North Local Government Area, Delta State with a view to identify the socio-economic characteristics of tomato marketers, to determine the marketing margin, source of fund and to ascertain the constraints faced by women marketing tomato fruit in the study area. Data were randomly collected with the aid of well structured questionnaire from 40 respondents for the 2013 marketing season. The data collected were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentage, and gross marketing margin analysis. The result showed that 75% of the respondents used personal savings as source of capital for their enterprises. The study revealed that the average monthly purchasing price was N54,715.75 while the average monthly selling price was N160,478.75 per basket per woman. The gross marketing margin was N120,113.50 per woman per month. The study also revealed that marketing of tomato is a profitable venture but the major constraints were inadequate capital, high cost of loading and off loading the product, lack of storage facilities, low level of sales, high cost of transportation, and high purchasing price. It was therefore, recommended that State and Local Governments should boost agricultural lending to tomato marketers and government policies should be focused on assisting the marketers with credit facilities that can help them cope with challenges of marketing.

Keywords: Marketing Margin, Tomato Fruits, Women, Delta State.