Analysis of White Blood Cells in Patients Attending Tuberculosis Clinic at Holley Memorial Hospital Ochadamu, Ofu Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria

Abraham, O. J¹., Odiba, P.A.², Haruna, I.⁴, Yusuf, D.², Amodu, A.E.³,  Yahaya-Oruma, U²., Adoje, N. J¹., Nwaogwugwu, A.⁵, Adelowo, A.E.⁵, Adegbite, A⁵., Okpanachi, E⁶. and Ameh, M⁵.

¹Biology/Microbiology Unit, ²Chemistry/Biochemistry Unit, ³Physics and Electronics Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic P.M.B. 1037 Idah, Kogi State.         

⁴Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal Polytechnic P.M.B. 1037 Idah, Kogi State.  

⁵Haematology Laboratory, Holley Memorial Hospital, Ochadamu, Ofu Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria.

⁶Amnesty Hospital Ankpa, Ankpa LGA, Kogi State, Nigeria.

E-mail:josephoyiguh@yahoo.com  

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is a chronic debilitating infectious disease known as child of poverty caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease rate is on the increase globally and awareness of its risk factors is poor among the people. This study determined the prevalence of tuberculosis and the white blood cells (WBC) count in patients attending tuberculosis clinic at Holley memorial Hospital Ochadamu, Ofu Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria. A total of 44 (25 male, 19 female) patient, ages 15–80 years with clinical signs of prolonged cough, chest pain and fever were evaluated for peripheral blood parameters using haematology analyzer. All the information related to the disease were collected from the patients using predesigned questionnaire. Results obtained indicated that total leukocyte count was lower than normal value (< 4 x 10⁹/L) in 7 patients (4 females and 3 males). Total leukocyte count was higher in 6 patients (4 males and 2 females) (i.e. > 11 x 10⁹/L). Of the 44 samples analyzed, 11 patients were AFB positive while 33 patients were AFB negative. The prevalence rate of the disease was significantly higher (P<0.05) in males than females and also relatively higher (P<0.05) in older patients than younger ones. The haematological parameters (leukocyte) serve as hallmark for the infection and help the clinicians in early diagnosis of the disease. The factors responsible for TB in this area were majorly illiteracy and poor awareness of the burden of this disease. Therefore, awareness programmes regarding the magnitude of the disease and its preventive measures should be organized in this area in order to minimize the spread of the disease.

A 3-Model Postural Theory of Non-Specific Low Back Pain (NSLBP)

¹M.Y. Mafuyai. ²B.F. Masok, ³B.U.A  Abozeh, and  ⁴Y.Y. Jabil

^1,34, Department of Physics University of Jos, PMB 2084 Jos.

²Department of Physics, Plateau State University.

E-mail: Conceptmaster1@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Non-specific low back pain has become a great challenge to practitioners all around the world the problem being the lack of understanding of its pathology. This work shows how posture can lead to Non-Specific Low Back Pain (NSPLB) and particularly the backward bending. Sprains, strains and bruises mostly occur but misalignment of vertebrae can occur in some extreme cases.

Effect of Processing Treatments on the Micronutrients and Phytochemicals in Lasianthera africana Leaf

¹Inyang, U. E. and ²Ani, J. C.

¹Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

² Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

E-mail: inyang.ufot@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

White variety of Lasianthera africana leaves were cut (2mm width), shared into four equal portions of 1kg each and subjected to three different treatments while one portion (raw leaf) served as the control. The treatments were oven drying (50^oC), blanching in hot water at 100^oC for 3 minutes and dried (50^oC) and blanching in unripe plantain peel ash solution (0.50%) at 100^oC for 3 minutes and dried (50^oC). The effects of these treatments on the minerals, vitamins and phytochemicals were investigated. The raw leaves contained  calcium (190.25±0.44mg/100g), sodium (75.69±0.95mg/100g), potassium (78.98±0.78/100g), magnesium (14.68±0.74/100g), zinc (5.95±0.52mg/100g), iron (3.96±0.55mg/100g), phosphorus (17.79±0.81mg/100g), ascorbic acid (109.64±0.0.08mg/100g), beta-carotene (2.86±0.04mg/100g), riboflavin(0.22±0.03mg/100g), thiamine(1.01±0.06mg/100g) alkaloid (2.67±0.33g/100g), flavonoids (0.32±0.03g/100g), saponin (3.09±0.04g/100g), tannins (0.28±0.03g/100g), HCN (2.16±0.08mg/100g), phytate (33.46±0.08mg/100g), oxalate (9.54±0.06mg/100g) and trypsin inhibitor (1.73±0.04 TUI/mg). The unblanched and blanched dried samples had lower values of the above constituents than the raw leaf. Unblanched dried leaves retained higher minerals, vitamins and phytochemicals than the blanched dried samples. Unripe plantain peel ash solution blanched and dried leaves retained higher minerals but lower vitamins and phytochemicals than hot water blanched and dried samples.

Breast and Prostate Cancer: Estimation of Death Rate using One Dimensional Bilinear Time Series Model

¹J. F. Ojo and ²K. P. Akinpelu

¹Department of Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

²APIN PEPFAR, UCH, Data Unit, College of Medicine, UI, Ibadan.

E-mail: jfunminiyiojo@yahoo.co.uk  

ABSTRACT

The study is on using one dimensional bilinear time series model to estimate the death rate in breast and prostate cancer reported in a given period with a view to know the number of death. Purposive sample of 2687 and 80 reported cases in breast and prostate cancer from the Oyo State Hospitals Management Board and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, respectively were used for the estimation. The estimation technique was based on Newton-Raphson iterative method and the best fitted one dimensional bilinear time series model was used to estimate the death rate. The study reveals (1) Death rate of 16.5% in breast cancer (2) Death rate of 12.4% in prostate cancer. These represent 442 and 10 deaths in breast and prostate cancer respectively.

Assessment of the Nursing Mothers Attitudes on Exclusive Breast feeding, in Family Welfare Clinic, Bauchi, Nigeria

¹Umar Ibrahim, ²Umar Farouk Ismail and ³Maryam Mohammed

¹Nursing Department, Health and Human Services Secretariat, Federal Capital Territory Administration, FCDA Secretariat, 11 Kapital Road, Area 11, Garki, Abuja-FCTA, Nigeria

²State Coordinator/NPO Routine Immunization, World Health Organization, WHO Taraba State Office-Jalingo, Taraba State-Nigeria, West Africa

³Bauchi State MDGs Project Support Unit, No 35 Yaya Abubakar Link, GRA Bauchi

Email: iufarouk@yahoo.com, Umarsap@yahoo.com, kyallu77@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to assess Nursing Mothers Attitudes on Exclusive Breast feeding, in Family Welfare Clinic, Bauchi, Nigeria. The population used for the study consists of only nursing mothers who are attending Family Welfare Clinic (FWC). The instrument used for the study was a questionnaire developed by the researcher. Two hundred nursing mothers were randomly selected via table of random numbers among the population of nursing mothers visiting the FWC. The data were collected using a semi structured instrument which was validated by expert in the area of study. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach’s alpha. A correlation coefficient of (0.79) was obtained which indicated that the instrument is reliable for the study. The instrument was administered by the researcher and research assistant. Frequency counts, percentages and an inferential statistics of chi-square were used to analyze the result. The study revealed that most of the respondents are not aware of the benefits of exclusive breast feeding; and also the nature of some mother’s job does not permit or allowed them to practice exclusive breast feeding. It is therefore recommended that appropriate awareness through campaign jingles should be carried out in various media outlets, and also, a waiver should be given to nursing mothers to exclusively breastfeed their babies during work by their employers.

Medical Treatment and Nudity of the Opposite Sex: The Urhobo Christian Dilemma from a Biblical Perspective

John Arierhi Ottuh

                   Vicar: Winners Baptist Church, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria.

Email:wibachef90@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT Nudity before the opposite sex is abhorred by the Church in Nigeria. There appears a paradox between the Christian doctrine of purity of man and the medical science of physical wellbeing of man. Therefore, using the comparative analysis model as a method, this paper compared the Christian doctrine of purity with the medical science that defiles such Christian purity in the area of nudity before the opposite sex in medical treatment. The paper was a Christian critique on the church’s silence over the nudity of the opposite sex before a medical doctor of an opposite sex in medical treatment. The paper also showed that both the silence of the church and defilement of the Urhobo understanding of ofarie (imorality) posed a serious dilemma to the Urhobo Christian. This paper argued that the gap between Christian morality and scientific justification is very narrow. The study was concluded on the presupposition that if the Church regarded nudity before the opposite sex as a sin, it is therefore a dilemma for the Christian when the church does not regard it as sin in medical practice. This raises the question of whether the church is just and fair on this

Histopathological and Haematological Effects of Aqueous Extract Cnidoscolus Acontifolius on the Liver and Kidney in Adult Wistar Rat

²Ebeye O.A., ¹Ekundina V.O. and ²Mokwe M.

¹ Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe-Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State

²Department of Human Anatomy and Cell BiologyDelta State University, Abraka.

E-mail: Kemvic30@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The effects of chronic administration of aqueous leaf extract of cnidoscolus aconitifolius on some heamatological and histopathological parameters of the kidney and liver of wistar rats.  Twenty four (24) adult wistar rats were acclimatized, weighed and sorted into four groups (A-D) of 6 animals each with corresponding body weights in the same group. Aqueous leaf extracts of cnidoscolus aconitifolius was administered orally to rats in groups B-D at 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg body weight respectively for 28 days aside the normal feed and water while group A which served as the control was given only feed and water for the same duration. At the end of administration, animals were sacrificed and blood was collected from the inferior venecava into vials containing EDTA for the various tests while the kidney and liver samples were quickly fixed in 10% formol saline. Tissue sections of the samples were processed and stained using hematoxylin and eosin stains respectively. Results showed increase in WBC (leukocytosis), glomerular degeneration as seen in proliferative glomerulopathy as well as hepatic damage evident in periportal fibrosis at the highest dose (600mg/kg). Consumption of cnidocolus acontifolius should be with caution as it elicited a dose   dependent damaging effects on the organ studied.