Table of Contents

Collective Consciousness in Contemporary Nigerian Drama: A Study of

Femi Osofisan’s Once Upon Four Robbers and Red is the Freedom Road

Moses Africa Adakonye and Rotimi Jegede………………………………………….               1-6

Civil Society and the Challenges of Democratic Governance in Contemporary

Africa: The Case of Nigeria

Ajulor, Victor Omoniyi and Adejuwon, Kehinde David……………………………                7-31

A  Critical Appraisal of the Content of Salvation in African Theology

Abodunrin, Adeniyi Olufemi……………………………………………………………           32-38

Migration and the Third World Development

Onyishi Tony O. and Eme, Okechukwu I. ………………………………………..              39-53

Sacrifice in the Old Testament: A Relevant Theme in Biblical Theology

Franklin Uchechukwu Ezeorah…………………………………………….                 54-66

Sound and Sound Effects Application for the Theatre: A Retrospective and Introspective Analysis

Ekweariri, Chidiebere S. ……………………………………………………………               67-77

The Role of Rural Entrepreneurship in Employment Generation

Hamisu Ibrahim…………………………………………………………………………          78-89

Literacy as a Recipe for the Solutions of Christian-Muslim Crises in Nigeria

Alokan Olusegun Ayodeji Peter and Babalola Sunday Funmilola……………………         90-97

Corruption: The Stumbling–Block of our Democracy

Raji Rafiu Boye……………………………………………………………………       98-103

Civil Service Reforms in Nigerian and Challenges of National

Development

Beetseh, Kwaghga …………………………………………………………..           104-113

CIVIL SERVICE REFORMS IN NIGERIAN AND CHALLENGES OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Beetseh, Kwaghga

Library Department

 Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi

e-mail: beetsekwaghga@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper interrogates the civil service reforms in Nigeria and their implications for national development.  The paper which adopts structural-functionalism as its framework of analysis reveals that the civil service is the life-wire of development in any nation owing to its critical functions of policy advice and policy implementation among others.  We have discovered in this discourse that the Nigerian civil service which evolved from the colonial era has gone through several reforms but unfortunately the nation is still faced with monumental challenges of development.  Against this backdrop, the paper recommends among other thins the need for realistic and workable reforms that have human face as well as promoting sound polices on recruitment, training and retraining of civil servants for effective service delivery in Nigeria.

CORRUPTION: THE STUMBLING-BLOCK OF OUR DEMOCRACY

Raji Rafiu Boye

Department of Political Science

Bukar Abba Ibrahim University, Damaturu, Nigeria

e-mail:brajirafiu@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Nigeria has undergone close to two decade of military authoritarian rule from 1983 thus, clamoring for return to democratic rule has hasten, the enthusiasm that greeted the 1999 handover of government to a democratically elected civilian government was very high. But immediately after the dust has settled the differences between a military dictator and the democratic government became blurred, the citizens were denied the dividend of democracy they so much clamored for. Thus the study tried to unravel the extent to which corruption has became the stumbling block to profitable democratic governance in Nigeria. And prescribe some way out of the vicious circle.

LITERACY AS A RECIPE FOR THE SOLUTIONS OF CHRISTIAN-MUSLIM CRISES IN NIGERIA

Alokan Olusegun Ayodeji Peter and Babalola Sunday Funmilola

Department of Religious Studies

Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State

email:papacygo@gmail.com and sfbabalola@yahoo.co.uk

THE ROLE OF RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EMPLOYMENT GENERATION

Hamisu Ibrahim

Department of Business Administration

Kwararafa University,Wukari, Taraba State

e-mail: hameezabc@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The universally acknowledgement of entrepreneurship as a tool for employment generation has made it one of the foremost issue in developing countries. Unemployment is not only a problem to the government but to all and sundry. Past economic  development around the world especially in the developing countries has led to the realization that large scale enterprises in the Urban centre cannot alone be expected to play the dynamic roles that are suppose to be played in the developing of the economic. The finding shows that rural entrepreneurship has high potential for creating new jobs considering the vast resources abound in the rural areas. Also it further shows that it has the ability to generate more employment considering the fact that it employs more labour-Intensive mode of production. Thus, based on the findings the following recommendations were made: That Micro finance banking services should be extended to rural areas as way of alleviating the financial need of rural entrepreneurs. Also government should establish rural entrepreneurship development agency as a way of selection, training and developing potential rural entrepreneurs.

RETROSPECTIVE AND INTROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Ekweariri, Chidiebere S.

Department of Theatre Arts

Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Imo State

ABSTRACT

Sound and sound effects, whether in the primordial nature or in the contemporary have always served the immediate and practical needs of the theatre. As a matter of fact, no production thrives without some level of auditory stimuli. Investigations have shown that the inherent and practical messages embedded in the play are communicated through the actions, inactions and vocal projection of the actors, without which meanings may be distorted and lost. The study also observed that the sophistication in sound application in the theatre, brought about by technological advancement has added another impetus and improved the quality of sound application in stage productions. It is however sad to note that some theatre houses and sound designers in Nigeria are yet to embrace this recent technological innovations. The paper therefore concludes that for these technological innovations in the area of sound and sound effects application to be tapped and harnessed, sophisticated sound and sound effects equipment should be procured and sound designers must explore the unlimited possibilities of the use of computer in sound design and application.

Key words: sound, sound effects and theatre

MIGRATION AND THE THIRD WORLD DEVELOPMENT

SACRIFICE IN THE OLD TESTAMENT: A RELVANT THEME IN BIBLICAL THEOLOGY

Franklin Uchechukwu Ezeorah

Department of Religious Studies

University of Nigeria, Nsukka

ABSTRACT

Throughout its long history, the Christian religion has almost constantly highlighted sacrifice as a relevant theme. Yet various epochs of the same religion have differently interpreted this theme. This study critically examines the contributions of some contemporary scholars to the understanding of sacrifice in the Old Testament with a view to enlarging our scope about the teaching of the Church around this topic. In what follows, the study seeks to offer a teaching that will be truly Christian and authentically African and at the same time addresses the needs of the contemporary society.

A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE MIGRATION AND THE THIRD WORLD DEVELOPMENT

Onyishi Tony O. and Eme, Okechukwu .I.

Department of Public Administration and Local Government Studies

University of Nigeria, Nsukka

E-mail: aabaemego@yahoo.com and okechukwunncnt@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Migration is one of the important variables that affect development. Given a world organized into mutually exclusive national communities that views themselves as family-like bodies with a common ancestry and destiny, Inter-relocation is but a change of jurisdiction from one sovereign state to another; and should not be permanent. Both aspects of the process, emigration and immigration, therefore elicit considerable public concern and provoke political contention within and between between countries. Yet transnational human flows have received much less attention from analysts of international affairs than have trade or strategies interactions. This paper seeks to address these inadequacies. The paper starts by clarifying the major concepts in a thematic form. It goes on to use dependency framework to x-ray linkages, factors that induce migration among races and their impact. The paper concludes by positing that in the process of migration, the underdeveloped societies of the third world are the losers because of the exodus of their manpower.        

CONTENT OF SALVATION IN AFRICAN THEOLOGY

A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE CONTENT OF SALVATION IN AFRICAN THEOLOGY

Abodunrin, Adeniyi Olufemi

Department of Religious Studies, College of Humanities

Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji Arakeji, Osun State

e-mail: femiabodunrin93@yahoo.com

 ABSTRACTS

 African church theology or “Theology African” the market is now flooded with article that try to define these terms, some people are even afraid that any of these terms connotes a pollution or syncretism of  theology as  they understand it in  the  western traditions of  the church. There are three main area of African theology today which sincludes written theology, oral theology, and symbolic theology. Written theology is the  privilege of a few  Christians who have had considerable education and who generally articulate their theological reflection  in articles and so far few books, mostly in  English, French, Germany  or another European languages .Oral theology is produced in the fields , by the  masses, through songs, sermons ,teachings, prayers, conversation ,e.g.  It is theology in the open air often unrecorded. Often heard only by small group and generally   lost to libraries   and seminaries. Symbolic theology is expressed through art, sculpture, drama,  symbol ritual, colors, number e t  c The  word ”syncretism ”has  become a bogey word, used to  frighten all who  would venture to do Christian theology in  the  context of the world views and religions, but is syncretism not  in fact a positive and  unavoidable process, Christian theology and practice have always interacted with the religion and philosophical  presuppositions  of the various periods .practice like the  observance  of Sunday, distributions of Easter eggs ,and the festival of the Nile in the medieval church are  instances of the acculturation of  Christianity .Evidence of this process is increasing  In African. African   theology   attempts to takes due   account of the African to whom the faith is addressed. It takes notes of African’s cultures, as a religion, and civilization. It advocates  the right  of African  to ponder on Christianity  and its truth in their own terms, All these  and  many  more  like theology of the  cross, concepts of  salvation, missionary theology, church and liberation, and  salvation as  a whole will  be examine  in this paper.