Table of contents

Quality Characteristics of Cookies Produced From Composite Flours of

Cassava and Cucurbita Mixta Seed

Falola, A.; Olatidoye, O.P, Balogun, I.O, Opeifa, A.O…………………………………….    1-12

Fish Diseases Symptoms as Observed by Fish Farmers in Ogbia and

Yenagoa Local Government Areas of Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Adeyemo, A.O………………………………………………………………………….      13-19

Antibiogram of Bacterial Isolates Associated Reproductive Abnormalities

 In Sheep in Gwagwalada–Fct, Nigeria

Olabode, H O.K; Mailafia, S; Adah, B.M.J; Nyambee, P. and Bello. R.H.……………..      20-27

Nutrient Composition and Acceptability of “Pupuru” Fortified With Soy Flour

Monayajo S. A and Nupo S.S……………………………………………………………….        28-32

Access to Land, Quality of Life and Emigration on the Mambilla Plateau, Taraba

State Nigeria

Ibrahim umar; Mahmood H. Umar and Umar M. Adamu……………………………….         33-41

Quality Characteristic of Tapioca from Delayed Processed Cassava

Bamgbose A; Bello T. K, and Adeboye A. S……………………………………………..          42-50

Chemical Properties of Vinegar Produced From Sweet Orange Peels

(Citrus Sinensis)

Oguntoyinbo, S.I., Babajide, J. M., Adenekan, M. K., Ajayi, J.O.and

Kareem, S.O., Ayelaagbe, I.O.O., Atanda, O.O., Bodunde, G.……………………….           51-61         

Effect of Tractor, Traffic Compaction on Infiltration Rate of Agricultural

Soil in Federal Polytechnic, Mubi in Adamawa State

By Allen A. Dusa…………………………………………………………………………….            62-68

Blood Glucose Response of Clarias Gariepinusexposed to Acute

Concentrations of Glyphosate-Isopropylammonium (Sunsate^®)

Okomoda V.T.and Ataguba G.A………………………………………………….         69-75

Site Index Analysis of an Age Sequence of Gmelina Arborea Plantation in

Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria

Yani J.P; Tella, O.I;  David D.L and Ali, B.D…………………………………………….       76-84

SITE INDEX ANALYSIS OF AN AGE SEQUENCE OF GMELINA ARBOREA PLANTATION IN JALINGO, TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

^*Yani J.P; ² Tella, O.I;  ³David D.L and ³Ali, B.D

^*Forestry Section Ardo-Kola Local Government Area, Taraba State-Nigeria

²Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola-Nigeria

³Department of Biological Sciences, Adamawa State University, P.M.B. 25, Mubi-Nigreria

E-mail: lammababs@yahoo.com    

ABSTRACT

Site index is a useful concept in analyzing plantation forestry. Among the numerous environmental factors affecting tree growth, the important relationship between soil and tree growth is most apparent. This is because evaluation of the site from soil characteristics has several advantages. Site index is essential in quantifying sites. A research was conducted to study site index of an age sequence of Gmelina arborea plantation. The parameters evaluated included soil and size characterization of the vegetation that affect tree growth into a unified classification and to quantify site of the plantations. The chemical properties of soils in the plantation revealed that soil pH was slightly acidic to alkaline as the soil depth decreases. There was a significant difference in terms of soil particle size distribution in the plantation at (P≥0.05 or P≥0.01). The percentage content of sandy, clay and silt soils was highest in sandy soil (63.13%) while the lowest was recorded in silt (18.31%). Site index equation with good fit from environmental factors selected for site investigation was formal using a multiple regression analysis of four functional forms namely- linear, semi-log, exponential and double-log, respectively. In conclusion, analysis using semi-log regression model seems to yield better in this type of plantation and the soil characteristics were significantly related to growth, although not the same everywhere.

Key word: Site index, age sequence, plantation, Gmelina arborea.

BLOOD GLUCOSE RESPONSE OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUSEXPOSED TO ACUTE CONCENTRATIONS OF GLYPHOSATE-ISOPROPYLAMMONIUM (SUNSATE®)

*Okomoda V.T.^{1, 2}and Ataguba G.A.

¹Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria

² Research and Development Department of Felicity Foods and Beverages Nigeria Limited, Lokoja, Nigeria

E-mail: okomodavictor@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Clarias gariepinus with mean weight 6.86g +0.34 obtained from a homogenous source through induced breeding were exposed to different concentrations of Sunsate^® for 96hours using static bioassays with continuous aeration under laboratory conditions to determine the acute toxicity of glyphosate in Sunsate^® on the fish. LC₅₀ of the exposed fingerlings were found to be 17.5 mg l^-1. The fish showed toxicosis symptoms such as loss of balance, respiratory distress, vertical and erratic movement, accumulation of mucus on the body surface and death. Result on blood glucose response shows that as the concentration increases so the blood glucose, therefor precautious use of Sunsate^®in the control of aquatic weed is advised.

EFFECT OF TRACTOR, TRAFFIC COMPACTION ON INFILTRATION RATE OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, MUBI IN ADAMAWA STATE

By Allen A. Dusa

Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology,

 Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

 ABSTRACT

The effect of tractor, traffic compaction on infiltration rate of agricultural soils was examined on the field. The implements chosen for the experiment was Massey Ferguson four wheel drive model M.F. 435 with weight 3951kgt. The plough used was disc plough of weight 470kgt. Field sizes (4m wide and 20m long) were measured and marked out using tape and pegs. The tractor was driven to the marked edge of the field and was engaged in gear two. The speed of the tractor was 5km/h which was maintained throughout the practical by using the hand throttle. The tractor was driven along the length of the field. The number of passes of the tractor was varied (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). For each number of passes the bulk density of the soil and infiltration rate where the tires of the tractor passed was measured. The result revealed that bulk density increased as the number of tractor passes increased, while infiltration rate decreased with increase in bulk density. A simple linear regression analysis of infiltration on bulk density was performed using computer soft ware which yielded equations. For a given bulk density of soil the infiltration rate can be calculated from the derived equations.

Key words: Tractor, Field Compaction, infiltration.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF VINEGAR PRODUCED FROM SWEET ORANGE PEELS (CITRUS SINENSIS)

Oguntoyinbo, S.I.¹, Babajide, J. M.², Adenekan, M. K.³, Ajayi, J.O.⁴ and Kareem, S.O.⁵, Ayelaagbe, I.O.O.⁶, Atanda, O.O.⁷, Bodunde, G.⁸

^{1, 3, 4}Department of Food Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

^2,,5,6,7,8 Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

E-mail: graceyetty@yahoo.com 

ABSTRACT

This study reports the chemical properties of vinegar produced from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). The peels were digested with α- and β- amylases, amyloglucosidase and fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisae and Acetobacter aceti for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 days.  Acetic acid, total acidity, pH, total solids, total sugar, ethanol content, ester value, oxidation value and iodine value of the vinegar were determined. After 8 days of fermentation, vinegar produced gave acetic acid (5.00%) and total acidity (15.00%) values which were not significantly different (p>0.05) from those of cider vinegar (R) (5.10% and 15.33% respectively). Vinegar produced at 14 days fermentation gave pH (3.46) and total solid content (8.70%) values of no significant difference (p>0.05) from R (3.56 and 8.87% respectively).  At the end of 14 days of fermentation, total sugar content reduced gradually from 2.22 to 0% for all the samples which falls within the range for R (0 – 2.50%).  Sweet orange peels fermented  for 14 days produced vinegar that contained 0.60 and 0.78% respectively for ethanol and 20.04 and 20.00 ml/100ml respectively for oxidation value with no significant differences (p>0.05) from R (0.63 and 20.00 ml/100ml respectively). At 14 days fermentation, the vinegar produced gave ester (4.13 ml/100ml) and iodine (8.05 g/100g) values which were not significantly different (p>0.05) from R (4.00 ml/100ml and 8.00 g/100g respectively). This study revealed that vinegar could be produced from sweet orange peels asfermentation for 14 days gave the highest yield of 75% v/v.  Thus, sweet orange peel vinegar could be of high importance as import substitute for cider vinegar and value addition in the citrus industry which provides an alternative economically viable use of citrus fruit peels that are usually regarded as wastes and of no value.

Key Words: Fermentation, Digestion, Acetic Acid, pH

QUALITY CHARACTERISTIC OF TAPIOCA FROM DELAYED PROCESSED CASSAVA

Bamgbose A; Bello T. K, and Adeboye A. S

Department of Food Technology

Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effect of delay of cassava before processing on the quality characteristics of tapioca grits.The cassava tubers were obtained from Agbadu village in Abeokuta, Nigeria.  The pasting properties of the tapioca grits were measured on the Rapid Viscosity Analyser [RVA].  The proximate composition, functional properties and the sensory qualities of tapioca were determined. The moisture content obtained for all the tapioca grits were below the 10% stipulated of the revised regulation of the Standard Organization of Nigeria. For the sensory assessment, the tapioca produced from 24 hours and 120 hours stored cassava was the most acceptable. Highest peak viscosity and trough were recorded for tapioca produced from 120 hours stored cassava (1549.0±86.27).There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in functional properties, pH and total titrable acidity of the starch produced.  All the tapioca grits can be stored for up to 7 months.

Keywords: Cassava, delayed in processing, proximate, pasting properties

ACCESS TO LAND, QUALITY OF LIFE AND EMIGRATION ON THE MAMBILLA PLATEAU, TARABA STATE NIGERIA

¹Ibrahim umar; ²Mahmood H. Umar and ³Umar M. Adamu

¹Department of Crop Protection, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

²Department of Agric Education, Federal College of Education, Yola, Nigeria

³Department of Agricultural Extention, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria

ABSTRACT 

This study was carried out to assess how access to land affects quality of life on the Mambilla plateau.  Data were collected using the questionnaire, interview and personal observations. A proportionality factor was used in selecting ninety (90) villages out of 227 villages of the study area and 500 farmers were selected from these villages using stratified random sampling. Among the findings is that farmers have inadequate access to farm land and that they are no equal access to land on the Mambilla plateau by the farmers. The crop producers have less access to land than the animal rearers. Zember and Tukur (2005) stated that an estimated total land area of about 83.6% and 8.3% are devoted to range land and crop cultivation respectively on the Mambilla plateau. Poor agricultural practices by the farmers has subjected the fragmented land to continuous cropping and over grazing leading to loss of nutrient and erosion for low yield. The average family size of the farmers is 7 persons in a family with an average annual income of N250000 meaning that most of the farmers are living on less than a dollar per day. The findings also show that there is positive correlation between annual income of the farmers and their farm size and those farmers are poor as a result of in-adequate access to land. The above factor is partly responsible for conflict and migration on the plateau. Recommendations on how to overcome these challenges are proffered.     

NUTRIENT COMPOSITION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF “PUPURU” FORTIFIED WITH SOY FLOUR

Monayajo S. A and Nupo S. S

Department of Food Science and Technology

Moshood  Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State

ABSTRACT

The proximate composition and sensory evaluation of (a smoked ball – moulded fermented cassava dough) were investigated. Four different soy “Pupuru” were produced in the ratio of 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20 and 70:30 with100% references. The result obtained showed that protein content increased in proportion to the increase in level of substitution (2.10-9.10%).The fat content also increased in proportion to the increase in level of substitution (1.71-5.84%) likewise the fibre content. The “Pupuru” produced from 50% soy flour substitution had the highest crude protein content of 9.10%. The sensory evaluation result revealed that “Pupuru” fortified with 10% soyflour was the most accepted because there was no significant difference at 5% level between this sample and the control (100% “Pupuru”). The other samples were significantly different at 5% probability level from the control while 0:50 soy “Pupuru” having the lowest overall acceptability. This indicates that supplementation of “Pupuru” with soy flour would greatly improve the nutritional quality of “Pupuru” produced from the flour.

Key words: “Pupuru”, substitution, soy flour, acceptability

ANTIBIOGRAM OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES ASSOCIATED REPRODUCTIVE ABNORMALITIES IN SHEEP IN GWAGWALADA–FCT, NIGERIA

*Olabode, H O.K ¹; Mailafia, S¹; Adah, B.M.J¹; Nyambee, P². and Bello. R.H.³

¹Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Abuja, Nigeria

²Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom

³Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi

E-mail:olabodeok@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

A survey of bacterial isolates associated with reproductive anomalies was conducted in slaughtered ewes in Gwagwalada abattoir in order to establish infection occurrence and design adequate antibiotic intervention strategy. A multistage convenient random sampling was employed over a three months study period (March – May, 2011). Out of one hundred and nine (109) ewes examined during meat inspection forty-one (41) showed various forms of reproductive defeats. Collected swab cultures indicated twenty-two (22) had microbial growths which on identification and biochemical characterization revealed Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Antibiotic sensitivity testing using standard disc diffusion technique against Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Tetracycline showed that Ciproflaxin, Erythromycin and Gentamycin were the most sensitive while the isolates were resistant to Tetracycline. Amoxicillin and Ampicillin showed variable intermediate effects on the isolate. The overall susceptibility showed 68.2% isolates were sensitive and 31.8 % resistance to the antibiotics, which was statistical significance analysis (P<0.05) by chi square analysis. The age and breed of ewe also showed significant association with the occurrence of reproductive disorders, as yankasa breed (70.7%) within the age 13-36 months were most commonly affected. In conclusion, this study provides preliminary information on the bacterial agents associated with reproductive disorders in ewes with corresponding susceptibility pattern. In addition, Nutrient agar is a potential substitute to Mueller Hinton agar. It is suggested that routine bacteriological examination and antibiotic susceptibility testing, in conjunction with mycological investigation is necessary in order to guide against misuse of unwarranted drugs.  

Key words: Antibiogram, bacterial isolates, reproductive abnormalities, ewe, Gwagwalada, Nigeria

FISH DISEASES SYMPTOMS AS OBSERVED BY FISH FARMERS IN OGBIA AND YENAGOA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA

Adeyemo, A.O

Department of Fisheries Technology

Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

E.mail: text2abiodun@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Many fish diseases do not attract attention of many people dealing with fish, because in nature sick animals are quickly removed from the population by predation. Fish disease data are almost not available in most developing countries like Nigeria. It is therefore pertinent to start somewhere, since disease conditions in fish are of public health importance. A survey of this perception was carried out among fish farmers in Ogbia and Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Questionnaires and individual interview were employed to gather the information. The statistical analysis was   based on the sixty- six respondents acknowledged during the survey.  Simple means and percentages were used to describe the responses. It was found that 89.39% of the respondents were aware of signs and disease symptoms in fish but 57.63 % did not consider the occurrence as serious problem to production while 42.37% felt fish diseases are impediment to production. The disease symptoms as observed among the respondents in percentages were: Grey colourings on the body of  fish(9.71%), Short body( 4.85%), Weak swimming (8.74%), Blindness (2.91%), Fin Lesions (16.50%), Big head (14.56%), Hole in the Body (4.85%), Blood spots/Haemorrhages on the body (18.44%), Swollen stomach(8.74%)and Stunted growth (4.85%).  The Majority of the respondents (85%) are subsistence fish farmers while 15% were commercial fish farmers. The range of the years of experience was between 3-50years of working in the Freshwater environment. There is need to establish a data base for fish diseases, assess  risk, provide information and training to public on how to deal with disease situations

Key words: Fish disease, Fish Farmers, Public health, Awareness