Table of Contents

Assessment of Hydrocarbon Loss in Biostimulated and Bioaugmented Crude Oil

Contaminated Ultisol of Sourthern Nigeria

Etukudoh, Ndarake Emmanuel., Ikpe FN., Osakwe J.A and Wenedo S.A…………………………….      1- 13

Contemporary Practice in Modeling Demographic Details in an Interactive System

C.G. Eze,K.U. Orisakwe and J.C.Ojiako…………………………………………………….…………………………………                 14-25

The Impacts of Environmental Pollution on Agricultural Productivity in the Niger Delta

Ugwuanyi, Chinasa Agatha; Garba, Anna and Makarau, Shehu Bako…………………………………                26-34

Water-Based Recreation Area:  Case Study of River Niger in Idah, Nigeria

Orga, D. Y, Kolawole, O. B. and Ato, E.S.……………………………………………………………………………………            35-41

Improvising Municipal Waste Disposal through Integrated Waste Management:

The Southern Nigerian Experience

Ndinwa, Chuks Chukwuka Gabriel, Akpafun, Amatoremidedon Solomon, Chukumah,

Omoikhekpen Charity, Osubor-Ndinwa, Nwakaego Praise………………..…………………………………               42-52

Effectiveness of Anthropometrical Landscape on Circulation Pattern of Public Buildings;

A Case Study

Fai’zah .M. Bashir, Zachariah .B. Z., Yakubu .A. D.and Abubakar .S.K………………………………….                 53-59

Maximizing Economic Benefits of Rural Lands through Sustainable Agriculture:

The Vision 20:2020 Perspective

Falana, F. Florence …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….             60-68

Maintenance Culture and Its Impact on the Construction of Residential Buildings in

Nigeria

Usman, Napoleon Daniel, Gambo, M. J. and Chen, James A.……………………………………………….                69-81

Radiation Waste Disposal in Federal Teaching Huspital Abakaliki

Ude Ajah, Victoria N.; and Obini Ekpe ……………………………………………………………………………………              82-86

Geospatial Analysis of the Distribution of Primary Water Pipelines in Lagos State

(A Case Study of All Local Government Areas in Lagos State)

O. G. Omogunloye and O.O. Ayeni…………………………………………………………………………………………               87-110         

GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY WATER PIPELINES IN LAGOS STATE (A CASE STUDY OF ALL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS IN LAGOS STATE)

O. G. Omogunloye and O.O. Ayeni

                            Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics                                   

  University of Lagos, Akoka

 Email: gabolushohan@yahoo.com  

ABSTRACT

The problem of meeting growing demand for portable water in an ever growing city such as Lagos is complex and goes beyond just putting in place adequate water distribution facilities. Rather other factors remain very crucial in meeting daily water need of Lagosians. It is expected that in planning for an effective and sustainable water distribution system, the need for valuable information such as average daily consumption of water per person is a required planning data. The aim of this project was to use Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to integrate necessary planning information such as: available water resources, alternative water sources, resident population, land use and daily water need to carry out an effective water supply system. To achieve this aim, a number of set objectives were carefully examined from available planning standards. Of paramount importance among these objectives was to delineate the Lagos metropolis into existing local government areas, to determine water requirements (per heads) according to the World Health Organization standards, to document the existing water facility network in the Lagos metropolis/capacities and lastly to identify local government areas with acute water shortage. In search of these noble objectives, quite a number of methodological procedures were applied sequentially and logically. These were done using appropriate combination of hardware and software packages as well as spatial and attribute data sets. Both spatial and attribute data sets were collected in analogue formats and were converted to digital form leading to the creation of seamless GIS database. The GIS database comprises of spatial data (which are stored as digital maps) and attribute data (in form of additional information about details on the map). However, the content of the GIS database focus mainly on relevant information about water facilities in the metropolis as well as other baseline information. The information contained in the GIS database was subjected to rigorous analytical operations such as queries using Structured Query Language (SQL) available in GIS software, spatial geo processing, coordinate transformation, projection, cleaning/topology building and legend editing to produce the desired results. From this study, GIS has been used as a relevant tool to identify the available water distribution network and areas of acute water supply based on available water facilities and the World Health Organization (WHO) water requirements per heads in Lagos.

Keyword: GIS, Spatial, Attribute, data, Water, Facilities.

RADIATION WASTE DISPOSAL IN FEDERAL TEACHING HUSPITAL ABAKALIKI

Ude Ajah, Victoria N.; and Obini Ekpe

Department of Industrial Physics

Ebonyi State University

E-mail: vakadujah45@yahoo.com, obiniekpe@yahoo.com

MAINTENANCE CULTURE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN NIGERIA

¹Usman, Napoleon Daniel, ²Gambo, M. J. and ³Chen, James A.

^1,3Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi

² Estate Management Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi

E-mail: mjgambs@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Building maintenance is a subject that has to be considered seriously if building is to live up to its expected life span.  A questionnaire was designed and distributed to the occupants, both senior and junior staff of the estate and ministry of works respectively. From their responses, a severity index method was used in analyzing the data. These indices were used to rank the importance of each factor, which made it possible to cross-compare the relative importance of the variable factors by different respondent. Based on the analysis, it was found that the major cause of maintenance problems were post construction preventive maintenance management, design resolution, lack of funds, response time to maintain and usage. Since these factors are of human nature, the introduction of the culture of post construction preventive maintenance should be encouraged.

Keywords: Maintenance, Construction, Impact, Property, Design

MAXIMIZING ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF RURAL LANDS THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: THE VISION 20:2020 PERSPECTIVE

Falana, F. Florence

Department of Estate Management

Federal Polytechnic, Idah, Kogi State

E-mail: florencefalana@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper highlights the need for development of appropriate, (harmonized) policy intervention strategies towards meeting food and raw materials requirements by maximizing rural land resources to reduce poverty.  This involves practical and profit oriented agricultural practices as well as the possibility to enhance regeneration of plantation agriculture and active involvement of youths by making farming an attractive venture.  The aim of this paper is to identify strategies to support and regulate agriculture in order to promote employment, productivity, income to the poor at the same time ensure a safe, healthy and socially acceptable rural environment. The paper explains how other sectors (formal and informal) have affected agriculture since oil discovery, the effect to which government policies and programs have facilitated or hampered agricultural sector with emphasis on contemporary challenges of agriculture from “Oil Boom period of 1970s” to the economic crises and adjustments of the 1980 and 1990 which weakened agricultural practices and blurred the prospect of agriculture. This article suggests as a conclusion that what is needed is not less government deregulation of economic activities but rather a more enlightened, more participatory and more equitable form of state intervention that will bring about good governance, poverty reduction and economic recovery in Nigeria.

Key word: Rural Land, Sustainable Agriculture, Poverty Reduction. Economic Recovery.

EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTHROPOMETRICAL LANDSCAPE ON CIRCULATION PATTERN OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS; A CASE STUDY

¹Fai’zah Mohammed B., ²Zachariah Bako Z., ³Yakubu Aminu D., ⁴Abubakar Sarkile K.

^{1 & 3}Department of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

²Department of Architecture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

⁴Department of Architecture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

*emails: faizahbash@yahoo.com,

ABSTRACT

Most public buildings are sadly landscape or not landscape at all. Even those landscaped are neglected and not maintained.The importance and the need to have an adequately design of anthropometric landscape in public building was evaluated to determine if the landscaping use suit it purpose which includes; effective for both pedestrian and vehicular circulation. This evaluation assists to determine better suggestion on how to enhance effective landscaping of public building. Questionnaires were distributed to the staff and visitors and statistically analysed by the use of bar-chart, the result shows that 50% of the respondents agreed that the flowering plants play a great role aesthetically, 42.6% respondents agreed circulation is good, and 42.6% responded that the walkways in the complex are good enough in providing good movement.  19.7% responded fair and 13.5% responded poor. The complex is aesthetically sound, the walkways are effective and the drainage pattern and the soil cover help to reduce the effect of soil erosion, this shows that anthropometrical landscaping has a good effect on public buildings.

Keywords:  Anthropometrical-landscape, circulation, effectiveness, public-building.

IMPROVISING MUNICIPAL WASTE DISPOSAL THROUGH INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT: THE SOUTHERN NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE

¹Ndinwa, Chuks Chukwuka Gabriel, ¹Akpafun, Amatoremidedon Solomon, ¹Chukumah, Omoikhekpen Charity, ²Osubor-Ndinwa, Nwakaego Praise

¹Department of Industrial Safety and Environmental Management Technology, Delta State School of Marine Technology, Burutu, Nigeria

²M.Sc Student, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

E-mail: gndinwa@yahoo.com, chuksgabriel@ymail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper is aimed at investigating how municipal solid waste are disposed in Nigeria, so as to design an environmental friendly approach to the management of waste in order to effectively control the resultant environmental implications of solid waste. This study involved both personal observation and oral interview of the inhabitants. Also published and unpublished materials were reviewed. Findings of the study revealed that solid wastes that are generated in the study area are mainly from market places, homesteads, factories, workshops, hospitals, seaport, post-primary and tertiary institutions. Pedestrians and hawkers generate a lot of waste on the roadside and streets. Each commercial place in the study and household generates a specific amount of commercial/domestic waste on daily basis. In terms of the problems facing solid waste disposal in the study area, the findings revealed that, there is no public system of primary collection from the source of waste generation. The waste discharged here and there is later collected by municipal sanitation workers through street sweeping and drain cleaning. There is no practice of storing the waste at source in a scientifically segregated way. Irregular street sweeping was also observed to be prevalent. Solid wastes in the study area are collected through traditional handcarts/tricycles which carries only a small quantity. Open sites, masonry bins or concrete structures are used for temporary bulk storage, which necessitates multiple handling of waste. Most of the transport vehicles are old and open. They are usually loaded manually. The fleet is generally inadequate and utilization inoptimal. Disposal of waste in the study area is the most neglected aspect of solid waste management services, and the current practices are grossly unscientific. Almost all municipal authorities deposit solid waste at a dump-yard situated within or outside the city haphazardly and do not bother to spread and cover the waste with inert material. This paper therefore considered and answered some basic question: What are the types of waste generated? How are the wastes disposed? What are the environmental implications of the waste disposal methods? And what new method of municipal waste management will be needed to effectively stored and disposed solid waste in a healthy and friendly manner.

Keywords: Municipal, Solid Waste, Niger Delta, Landfill, Environment

WATER-BASED RECREATION AREA:  CASE STUDY OF RIVER NIGER IN IDAH, NIGERIA

¹Orga, D. Y, ²Kolawole, O. B. and ³Ato, E.S.

¹Department of Tourism, The Federal Polytechnic, Idah, Nigeria

²Department of Architecture, The Federal Polytechnic, Idah, Nigeria

³Department of URP, The Federal Polytechnic, Idah, Nigeria

E-mail: yinaorga@ yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study examines the potentials of the Niger as water-based recreation area to provide useful information with regards to user recreational pursuits. The primary data were developed through the use of reconnaissance survey. The secondary data were draws from development plans and other published works on recreation.  The data revealed that the potentials of River Niger as a water-based recreation area in Idah included river banks, 5km land and water sport. The potential recreational uses are sport fishing, picnicking, boating, swimming, beach sports, etc. In assessing the development potential of resources in relation to the provision of recreational facilities, at present no facilities have been developed in Idah.  It is anticipated that Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation and Kogi State Tourism Board with Idah Local Government Council will as public tourism development agencies developed these potentials to provide opportunities for all recreationists and accrue economic benefits to governments and the people.

Keywords:Recreation, models, Potentials, Activities.

THE IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE NIGER DELTA

*Ugwuanyi, Chinasa Agatha; **Garba, Anna and **Makarau, Shehu Bako

*Research Fellow, Department of Research and Studies, Nigerian Institute of International Affairs (NIIA) 13/15 Kofo Abayomi Street, Victoria Island, Lagos.

**Department of general Agriculture, Nuhu Bamali Polytechnic, Samaru-Kataf, Kaduna State

ABSTRACT

Since the discovery of oil in the Niger delta, the region has become the centre of intensive and extensive oil exploration and production activities. These activities have been associated either directly or indirectly with a myriad of environmental problems which has been main source of sorrow for the people of Niger Delta region as a whole. This has polluted both the water bodies,  land terrestrial ecosystems and one of the biggest concerns associated with this pollution in the environment is, the risk to farmland, fisheries and potable water contamination since most of the people’s livelihood depends on farming, fishing and usage of water for domestic purpose. The Niger Delta has lost more than 20% of its habitable environment due to oil spills which extensively destroys crops and aquaculture through the contamination of waterways, ground water and soil, flaring of associated gas and mismanagement of the land resources. Oil spills have shown significant negative impact on crop yield and land productivity which further impoverish the already poor farmers in these oil producing areas. With increasing soil infertility as a result of the destruction of soil micro-organisms and dwindling agricultural productivity, farmers have been forced to abandon their land to seek non-existent alternative means of livelihood. This paper therefore, examines the nature of environmental pollution in the area and its impact on agricultural productivity. It also argues that the pervasive impact of oil related environmental problems are the drastic decrease in the nutrient value of the soil, the decrease in available land mass for cultivation, the destruction of food, cash crops and marine life which ultimately lead to a decline in agricultural productivity. This paper finally submits that the solution to environmental pollution lies on the policy of sustainable development and the evolution of sound environmental management principles by all stakeholders at all levels.

Keywords: Environmental degradation, Agricultural productivity, Exploration, Niger Delta,