SECURITY OF DATABASE CONTENTS USING TRANSPARENT DATA ENCRYPTION IN MICROSOFT SQL SERVER ENTERPRISE EDITION

Rashid Husain

Department of Computer Science

 Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aleiro, Kebbi State

Email: rashid65_its@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

We can take several precautions to help secure the database such as designing a secure system, encrypting confidential assets, and building a firewall around the database servers. However, in a scenario where the physical media (such as drives or backup tapes) are stolen, a malicious party can just restore or attach the data base and browse the data. To protect against data thefts and frauds we require security solutions that are transparent by design. Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) provides transparent, standards based security that protects data on the network, on disk and on backup media. It is easy and effective protection of stored data by transparently encrypting data. TDE performs real-time I/O encryption and decryption of the data and log files. The encryption uses a data base encryption key (DEK), which is stored in the database boot record for availability during recovery. The DEK is a symmetric key secured by using a certificate stored in the master database of the server or an asymmetric key protected by an EKM module. TDE protects data ‘at rest’, meaning the data and log files. It provides the ability to comply with many laws, regulations, and guidelines established in various industries. The study deals with ways to create Master key, creation of certificate protected by the master key, creation of database master key and protection by the certificate and ways to set the database to use encryption in Microsoft SQL Server.

TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR TRANSFORMATION IN NIGERIAN

Efenedo, Gabriel I. and Otuagoma, Smith O.

Department of Electrical, Electronics & Computer Engineering

Delta State University, Abraka Oleh Campus Delta State

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to construct a vision of Nigeria telecommunication sector for the year 2030 that is about two decades from now. Development being a continuous process, the choice of the year 2030 is just an arbitrary division of time, a pre-defined time horizon to take stock of what is likely to be achieved. Process of change is often volatile and responsive to intervention and global circumstances impacting it. In such an inherently dynamic situation, it is convenient to assume that cross-country experiences incubate the most recent seeds of change. This is because countries at various stages of development encapsulate developmental experiences that occur with the passage of time. The agents of change, as observed from international perspective, have been broadly categorized into economic structure, competition policy and technology. Economic reforms and liberalization have driven telecommunication sector through several transmission channels of which these three categories are of major significance.

RISK ALLOCATION PREFERENCE IN PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN NIGERIA

I.Y. Mohammed¹; K. Bala² and S.U. Kunya³

^1&3Building Programme, School of Environmental Technology

Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi –Nigeria

²Department of Building, A.B.U. Zaria – Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The traditional methods used to measure project success in the construction industry are ‘the iron triangle´ of time, cost and quality. These criteria are no longer sufficient as other factors related to project sustainability are being demanded. Sustainable procurement policies require that projects provide social and economic gains to host communities. Construction works procured using public private partnership arrangement (PPPs) are more risk prone than those procured using other forms, primarily due to the lengthy concession period and the multi-parties involved in the arrangement. In Nigeria, researches on the assessment of the performance of projects procured using PPP are few due to the novelty of the approach. Many projects are still at pre-construction and construction stages whilst few are at the operation stage. It is important for the public and private sectors to establish effective risk allocation strategies for public-private partnership (PPP) projects in order to achieve a more efficient process of contract negotiation and reduce the occurrence of dispute during the concession period. This paper aims to identify the preferred risk allocation in PPP projects in Nigeria. A questionnaire survey was used based on identified risks. The results show that the public sector preferred to retain most political, legal and social risks, and share most micro level risks and force majeure risk; while the majority of micro level risks were preferred to be allocated to the private sector. The analyses of risk allocation preference among the respondents indicate that the public sector was most able to transfer the PPP risks to the private sector. 55% of the respondents exhibited the greatest degree of support for the public sector to retain the macro level risks. All respondents agreed that private investors should take a more active role in managing the micro level risks. 30% of the respondents considered that majority of the micro level risks should be shared equally between the public and private sectors, while 15% of the respondents indicated that the private sector should take a more active role in managing the micro level risks. The study provides investors a better understanding of risk preferences among the stakeholders so that they could adjust their strategies according to the specific situation and achieve better value for money in running their PPP projects.

ASSESSMENT OF MAINTENANCE COST FOR PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN BAUCHI STATE

¹Gambo M. J.; ²Usman N. D.; ³Ashen, M. J. and ⁴Akoh S.E.

¹Estate Management Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi

²Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi

³Department of Estate Management, Plateau State Polytechnic Barkin Ladi

⁴ Department of Building Technology, Federal Polytechnic Idah Kogi State

E-mail: mjgambs@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

An assessment of maintenance cost for public institutional buildings in Bauchi state was carried out and relevant literatures were reviewed. The present cost of constructing each selected public institutional building was determined by multiplying the Gross floor area to the construction cost per meter square as at year 2004. The present value of maintenance of each selected public institutional building was determined. The present value of maintenance of each selected public institutional building was computed using the present value of one naira per annum table (single rate). With the aid of regression analysis using stat view computer package, the result of analysis show a significant relationship between the values of maintenance cost and construction cost. A very weak correlation exists between initial cost of building and initial maintenance cost of public institutional buildings. The results show a very strong linear relationship between the present value of maintenance and gross floor area. The knowledge of the existence of such relationships serves as a guide to public and private administrators in planning for construction of buildings and design management for preventive maintenance.