AN ANALYSIS OF TRIP GENERATION AND VEHICULAR TRAFFIC PATTERN IN AKURE METROPOLIS ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

¹Awoyemi, O. K., ²Ita, A. E., ¹Oke, M. O., Abdulkarim, I. A.³ and ⁴Awotayo, G. P.

¹Department of Geography, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

²Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Technology, Cross River State

³Department of Geography, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

⁴Department of Geography, Kwara State College of Education, Nigeria

E-mail: donkunlenzoes@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study examined trip generation and vehicular traffic pattern Akure metropolis which is one of the fast developing urban centres in Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select five major roads in the area, while accidental sampling technique was adopted to administer two hundred copies of structured questionnaire to road users as intervals of 2km. Also, traffic situation was obtained from traffic counts and classification of vehicles at key traffic points across the roads. The result showed that civil servants and students constituted the principal road users in the area, and that majority of the road users earned between N10, 000 – N100, 000 monthly. It showed that 8 – 10am and 2 – 5 pm were the peak hours of traffic congestion in the city due to series of problems encountered by passengers such as bad roads, street parking, road narrowness, poor traffic system and impatience by motorist. The multinomial logistic model revealed that 32% percent of the variability in trips was explained by the set of independent variables. The statistical significance of the model further revealed that trips made by commuters were significantly related to their socio economic characteristics (p<0.05), while occupation accounted for most of the trips made by road users in the area. In addition, the chi square result indicated that the types of vehicles that plied the major roads varied significantly (p<0.05). Based on the findings above, the study suggested that the roles of government in providing effective and efficient transport system should be intensified. Also, more areas should be opened as a bye-pass and interlink route for free flow of vehicles, this would improve the social well-being of the people and bring about sustainable transport management.

Keywords: Urban Road Transport, Traffic Operations, Peak Hours, By-pass, Sustainable Transport Management 

LAW OF ARMED CONFLICTS AND REGULATION OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION: A SUBJECT OF CONTROVERSY

¹Nwanolue, Bonn Obiekwe Godwin and ²Victor Chidubem Iwuoha

¹ Department of Political Science, Anambra State University, Igbariam Campus

²Department of Political Science University of Nigeria, Nsukka

E-mail:tchydubevick@yahoo.com

ABSRTACT

The twenty first century armed conflicts, have witnessed great loss of human lives and properties. Equally, the international law of war, which includes  the four Geneva convention of 1949, two additional protocols of 1977, the 1980 United Nations declaration prohibiting the use of dangerous weapon s in war, have been grossly violated  in the of nations, at the center stage of world politics. Hence, ,the Ballum Jusum theory queries the effec\6tiveness of law of armed conflicts in regulating weapons of mass destruction, especially in warfare . Accordingly, this paper eamines Weapons of Mass Destruction, Chemical warfare, Biological warfare, Bacteriological Warfare, Total Protection from Chemical or Biological Attack, Detection and Shelter,. Decontamination and Treatment, The law as it relates to Wapons, Protection of United Nations Forces and Humanitarian Organizations from the Effects of Mines, Booby Traps and Other Devices and the 1997 Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production, and Transfer of Anti – personnel Mines and on their Destruction (the Ottawa treaty)

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) IN NIGERIA NIGER DELTA REGION: THE NEED FOR A PRAGMATIC APPROACH

Kelly Ejumudo; Zephaniah Osuyi Edo; Lucky Avweromre and Jonathan Sagay

Department of Economics

Delta State University, Abraka

 E-mail:ozephy@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study undertakes a critical assessment of the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as being pursued by oil multinational corporations, in the wake of environmental problems and social activism that has continued to bedevil the development and economic growth in the Niger Delta Region. The central thesis of this paper argues that the brand of corporate social responsibility that is currently carried out by these oil multinational corporations has done little or nothing in ameliorating the sufferings of the inhabitants of the Niger Delta Region. Rather it has polarized the people into warring groups and has greatly created division among them. This is because the deliberate exemption of environmental related issues likes gas flaring and oil spillage from their corporate social responsibility agenda has been the primary reason why in spite of their dedicated commitment to some infrastructural projects, the problem of conflict and poverty has become intensified. In light of the above this paper recommends that there is a dire need to incorporate environmental related problems into the agenda of these multinationals social responsibility as these will go a long way in addressing the economic and environmental problems of the people of the region and also reduce violence and conflicts which has continue to hamper development in the region.     

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Environmental Responsibility, Social Activism, Development