SOLAR ENERGY IN NIGERIAN BUILDINGS: A PATHWAY TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Category : JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND INNOVATION, volume 11, number 3, 2019

Wariboko Joshua

Department of Architecture, Rivers State University

Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt

Email:joshuawariboko@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Due to the increase in living standard and demand, energy conservation has become important in industrialized and developing countries. In respect to rational use of energy, this paper evaluates solar energy in Nigerian buildings with the aid of passive and active solar architecture approaches which makes use of specific building design principles and reduces the artificial energy requirements for achieving indoor thermal comfort. As a climate responsive architecture, building design criteria has been studied with the help of several parameters like geographic location and climatic conditions, building shape, orientation, selection of construction materials, building openings viz. windows, selection of suitable sunshades, etc. All the salient building design parameters are studied and important findings and recommendations are suggested as the outcome of the study. In our quest for sustainable development and the achievement of a safe environment, numerous alternatives to power supply have been exploited. The challenge of erratic and insufficient power has for decades bedeviled our dear nation resulting in the proliferation of the use of generators in multiple locations within the built environment. This solution apparently is the people’s response to the nations decaying infrastructure but invariably produces an environment which is unsafe to its inhabitants. In recent times, reports have shown that the emissions arising from this practice have caused the death of occupants. It is common knowledge that the use of solar energy as an alternative power source is not yet ubiquitous in this country. In recent times, innovation in the area of thermal solar and photovoltaic provides possibilities of its introduction in the building fenestration and facade. This study however examines some existing solar powered facilities in Nigeria.  The study is useful for various resource persons involved in construction activities for designing energy efficient buildings.

Keywords: Solar Energy, Environmentally friendly, Passive and Active solar.

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EFFICIENCY OF ORDINARY LEAST SQUARES IN REGRESSION MODELS WITH AUTOCORRELATED DISTURBANCES IN A CLASSICAL LINEAR STATISTICAL MODEL.

Category : JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND INNOVATION, volume 11, number 3, 2019

Bartholomew A Uchendu1, Uzoma Phillip Uche2and Duruojinkeya Prisca3

Department of Maths/Statistics,

Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

Email: uchendubartholomew@yahoo.com, uzomaphilip@gmail.com, priscaudo1@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The illustrative values of the asymptotic efficiency for the selected values of ρ and λ shows that, when ρ and λ are both positive, it is clear, that ρ is the dominant parameter. Efficiency declines from 90 percent to about, 10 percent as ρ rises from 0.2 to 0.9, with variations in λ having relatively minor effect. The diagonal entries are equal to those in the first row of table (2) since if λ = 0 or if ρ = λ, the efficiency measure simplified to (1 – ρ2)/(1 + ρ2). Looking at the left hand side of the table, the efficiencies are symmetrical across the first row where the xt series are random. The remaining rows show that λ now exerts a much stronger effect and that the combination of a positive λ and negative ρ can moderate the dramatic declines in efficiency shown in the right – hand side of the table. These calculations are of course, only illustrative, but, they indicate the possibility of a serious loss in efficiency if Ordinary Least Squares is applied in the context of autocorrelated disturbances.

Keywords: Efficiency, Ordinary Least Squares, Autocorrelated disturbances.

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DESIGN OF A PORTABLE TUBULAR FILTER PIPE FOR BOREHOLE WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM

Category : JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND INNOVATION, volume 11, number 3, 2019

1Yousuo Digieneni, 2Igbani, Sunday, 3Raphael Tari Samuel.

1,3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Niger Delta University, P.M.B 071 Yenagoa, Bayelsa State of Nigeria.

2Department of Petroleum Engineering,Niger Delta University, P.M.B 071 Yenagoa, Bayelsa State of Nigeria.

E-mail: digieneniyousuo@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work is to design a portable tubular filter pipe for borehole water purification system. The materials used in the portable tubular filter pipe (sand layer depth of 0.15m of size 0.8 – 2mm and coarse gravel layer of 0.02m of size 5-8mm) were sourced locally. The coarse aggregate (gravel) layer served as support and distribution of water while the sand layer served as the filter medium. The diameter of the portable tubular filter pipe was assumed to take 4 inches PVC diameter pipe (0.1016m). The design reveals that the filter area is 0.0479m2, the flowrate in the filter is 8 X 10-5m3/s, the filter volume is 0.02m3 and the headloss in the filter is 0.5m. Tests were carried out on borehole water and system filtered water. The results show that the portable tubular filter pipe performed relatively well in purifying borehole water. The model constructed for the tests was a prototype.

Keywords: Design, Portable, Tubular-filter, Borehole, Purification

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DYNAMIC MODELLING AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF EMISSION FROM MOTOR VEHICLES IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF ABEOKUTA OGUN STATE

Category : JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND INNOVATION, volume 11, number 3, 2019

Johnson Funminiyi Ojo

Department of Statistics,

University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

E-mail: jfunminiyiojo@yahoo.co.uk,

ABSTRACT

High traffic volume and traffic congestion on Nigerian roads have led to increase in the concentration of pollutants in the air and this has posed health risks for human population. In this study, we build appropriate time series models using some vehicular emission data obtained from Abeokuta, in Nigeria. Four pollutants namely, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) and hydrocarbon (HC) were investigated. Correlation analysis was carried out on each pollutant to see if these pollutants were significant as time progresses. Trend models particularly linear and quadratic were fitted for each pollutants. Time series models were built for these pollutants following model building procedures. The CO, CO2, O2 and HC were significant as time progresses with an increasing trend. The fitted linear time series model for these pollutants was Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) of different order and the non-linear counterpart was ARIMA bilinear(ARIMABL) of order one. ARIMABL performed better than ARIMA with a smaller residual variance and mean square error for forecast. With these models, appropriate measures should be taken by the relevant authorities to curb the danger the emission could cause to humans not only in Abeokuta but in Nigeria.

Keywords: Motor vehicle emission, Trend models, Time series models, Correlation, Nigeria

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BIOPRESERVATIVE EFFECT OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ON MICROBIOLOGICAL, SHELF-LIFE AND SENSORY QUALITY OF UGBA, A TRADITIONAL NIGERIAN FERMENTED FOOD

Category : JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED BOISCIENCE, VOLUME 11, NUMBER 3, 2019

*1Ome, A.P.,1Olaoye, O.A. and 2Edeji, U.F.

1Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State.

2Department of Biotechnology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria.

Email:talk2omepeter@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the biopreservative potentials of lactic acid bacteria isolated from ugba and the safety nature of the product. The LAB isolates used as starter cultures in this study are Lactobacillus plantarum, which have been isolated from ugba in aprevious study by same authors, based on their ability to produce considerable quantities of lactic acid under a reduced pH and good fermentative activity exhibited. The pure culture were successively screened and used (in single) toferment African oil bean slices. The samples were subjected to shelf-life study and microbiological analysis. Sample B inoculated with LAB starter culture was able to store for more than 7 days with less microbial load showing improved keeping qualities than those products processed locally that were purchased from the market that started spoiling from day 4. The results also showed that the following bacterial isolates were involved in the fermentation: Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., and spoilage of ugba: Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli. Fungal contaminants: Penicilliumspp., Aspergillusspp and Rhizopusspp., were also observed.Sample B had good sensory attributes especially in appearance and texture while Sample D was rated best in taste and aroma (flavour). It was concluded that pure cultures of Lactobacillus plantarumused as starter culture had good biopreservative effect on the fermented African oil bean slices as antimicrobial agents by improving the safety and keeping qualities of the product.

Keywords: Biopreservation, lactic acid bacteria, microbiological, sensory, shelf life, starter cultures, ugba.

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AWARENESS AND UTILIZATION OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVES AMONG FEMALE UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES IN PORT HARCOURT RIVERS STATE.

Category : JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED BOISCIENCE, VOLUME 11, NUMBER 3, 2019

Nworuh OB; NYA EA; Dozie WU; Okereke CBN & Ubuoh EA.

1,2&3.Department of Public Health, Federal University of Technology, Owerri.

4.Department of Human Kinetics. University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State.

5 Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology (EMT),

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike (MOUAU), Abia State

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to determine the awareness, form and utilization of emergency contraceptives among female university undergraduates in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The study was guided by three objectives and a null hypothesis. Related literatures were also reviewed. A sample size of 688 female students were drawn from a total population of 991 using Taro Yamane ( ) sample size formular. The sample comprised female university undergraduates residing in the University of Port Harcourt and Rivers State University of Science and Technology hostels respectively. A validated and reliable questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected were presented in tables and pie chart. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-square test at P<0.05 significance. The results showed that 600 subjects representing 87.2% of the sample were aware of emergency contraceptives while 88 (12.8%) were not aware of emergency contraceptives. Moreover, 510 (74.1%) out of 600 female university undergraduates who were aware of emergency contraceptives, used it; while 90 (13.1%) did not use emergency contraceptives. Four types of Emergency Contraceptives were used among the subjects; these were Levonorgestrel (58%); Combined pills (5%) combined pills and Intrauterine Copper Device (IUCD) (10%) and Intrauterine Copper Device only (1%). Notably, 26% of the students did not use Emergency Contraceptive. A significant relationship was recorded between age and type of Emergency Contraceptive utilized among the students (X2=158.0, P<0.001 d.f =6). Levonorgestrel was used mainly by the teenage age range subjects while the Combining pills and Intrauterine Copper Device was used by those within the adult age range. Recommendations include; development of self control regarding sex and total abstinence from any form of sexual interaction. Female university undergraduates should get prescriptions as well as seek professional counseling on issues of contraceptives before usage.    

Keywords – Awareness, Utilization, Emergency Contraceptive, Female Undergraduates

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ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES AND RESTING CARDIOVASCULAR PARAMETERS AS CORRELATES OF PHYSICAL FITNESS INDEX AMONG OVERWEIGHT UNDERGRADUATES OF A NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY

Category : JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED BOISCIENCE, VOLUME 11, NUMBER 3, 2019

1Abodike, GM, 1Ezeukwu, AO, 1Ugwueye, FC, 1Uduonu, EM, 2 Obiechina, MC, 2 Chinonye, PC, 2 Okpala SI

1 Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus

2 Department of Physiology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus

ekezie.uduonu@unn.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

Body anthropometry, resting cardiovascular parameters and physical fitness index are all inter-related to health, and their interrelationship has been documented but with little information among overweight individual especially undergraduates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationship among anthropometric indices, resting cardiovascular parameters and physical fitness index among undergraduates of university of Nigeria Enugu campus. The research involved a study of overweight students of University of Nigeria. Their body Anthropometry viz: weight, height, body mass index, fat mass, fat mass index, lean body mass, fat free mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio and conicty index were measured. Their cardiovascular parameter viz: heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure and rate pressure product were also determined. Their physical fitness index was also determined using Harvard step test. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) negative correlation between weight, percentage body fat, fat mass, fat mass index, hip circumference, heart rate and rate pressure product and physical fitness index, it also showed a significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between height, lean body mass, fat free mass index, waist hip ratio, and fat free mass index and physical fitness index. The result also showed non significant (p> 0.05) correlation between body mass index, waist circumference, conicity index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure and physical fitness index. The result of stepwise multiple regression showed that sex and rate pressure product (heart rate x systolic blood pressure)were significant predictor of physical fitness index. Sex had a coefficient of determinant (R2) = 0.364 and when rate pressure product was added to the model, it increased to 0.414. It is concluded that, sex and rate pressure product are the two main factors determining physical fitness index.

Key words: Anthropometric Indices, Overweight, Cardiovascular Parameters, Physical Fitness

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INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF THE SYDNEY GRADED VARIABLES: A STUDY OF GASTRIC ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSIES IN EDO-DELTA, NIGERIA.

Category : JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED BOISCIENCE, VOLUME 11, NUMBER 3, 2019

M.O. Udoh, D.E Imasogie

Department of Histopathology,

University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

Email: moludoh@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

Introduction:  Chronic Gastritis is reported based on semi-quantitative grading of  ‘the Sydney’ morphologic  variables. A proportion of  patients with chronic Gastritis may progress to atrophic gastritis of varying morphology and grades during their lifetime, with attendant sequelae. A precise prediction of specific pattern of progression and sequelae cannot always be made for a given patient, most likely due to differences in individual and population genetics. More predictable patterns may emerge as subsets of larger populations are studied to detect patterns that may deviate from the expected.

Aim: To evaluate the relationships between the histologic parameters of the Sydney system, in a small Nigerian population.

Materials and Methods: The clinical data and slides processed from paraffin embedded tissue blocks of  endoscopic biopsies of  117 patients from the Edo-Delta axis of Nigeria with histologic diagnosis of chronic in the gastritis were studied, statistically analyzed and presented.

Results: There were 117 patients, 60 males and 57 females. Age range:15-86 years;  mean age = 48.6 years+1.56; modal age group, 50-59 years. There is a strong association between the presence  of Helicobacter pylori and presence of activity (p value < 0.001) and grade of Helicobacter pylori and grade of activity (p value = 0.029) . Helicobacter pylori presence and atrophy are also related, but the relationship between their grades are not statistically significant (p value = 0.136). Helicobacter pylori presence is not significantly associated with intestinal metaplasia (p value = 0.917); but intestinal metaplasia is strongly related to atrophy (p value < 0.001). Unlike in some studies, we could not establish a statistically significant relationship between the density of Helicobacter Pylori infection and the grade of mononuclear inflammation (p value = 0.494).

Conclusion: Earlier events in the progression chronic atrophic gastritis are strongly linked to Helicobacter pylori infection. While later events are less strongly linked. The weaker/ non-statistically significant association of Helicobacter pylori with Atrophy and Intestinal Metaplasia suggest that other factors have a role to play in the progression of chronic gastritis to the atrophic /metaplastic Keywords: Chronic Gastritis,  Graded Variables, Helicobacter Pylori,

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IMPORTANCE OF USING PASSIVE DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING DESIGN

Category : JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, Volume 11, number 3, 2019

Efe, Igben

Department of Architecture,

Rivers State University, Npkolu, Oruworukwo Port Harcourt,

Email: nowhereblue@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Proper integration of all passive strategies as it regards sustainability will be a giant stride to optimizing energy usage in building with absolute mechanical dependant. Passive Design regards the particular way to construct a building using the natural movement of heat and air, passive solar gain and cooling in order to maintain a good internal comfort. usage of passive strategies in the building sector enhances sustainability measures predominantly through mitigating building’s negative environmental impacts besides optimizing its energy performance. Building a passive home takes careful planning, which includes the introduction of five Basic principles: Orientation, Overhangs and shadings, Insulation, Double or triple glazing, Thermal mass, Through the use of passive solutions it is possible to mitigate, or at least reduce, the use of mechanical systems and the energy demand by a measurable percentage as well as the CO2 emissions. The aim of this paper is to avoid solar radiation, promote ventilation from the prevailing wind and ensure daylight into the building. This journal however demonstrates the importance of an alternative usage of energy in buildings as it regards the sustainable building through careful analysis of related journals, articles, and books. The study is useful for various resource persons involved in construction activities who wishes to imbibe all strategies for the achieving an eco-friendly building.

Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Passive Design, Passive Strategies, Sustainable building

Obsolescence is commonly regarded as the beginning of the end-of-life phase of buildings. Sources  about  the  life  cycle  of  buildings  show  a  variety  of  terms.  The building and development trade commonly refers to the development cycle, consisting of the development phase, including the design and the construction phase, and the usage phase, consisting of the actual  use  and  the  reuse  or  end-of-life  phase  (de  Jonge  and  Arkesteijn,  2008).  Sources regarding the life span, building pathology and mortality of buildings more often refer to the physical life or real life, being the period of physical existence, including the usage and end-of-life phase. This is in line with most national building stock statistics that in general only state withdrawal from  the residential stock, in some countries subdivided by withdrawal  by demolition  and/or  disaster,  merging  with  other  buildings  and  loss  of  function  (Dol  and

Haffner, 2010). Obsolescence is commonly regarded as the beginning of the end-of-life phase of buildings. Sources  about  the  life  cycle  of  buildings  show  a  variety  of  terms.  The building and development trade commonly refers to the development cycle, consisting of the development phase, including the design and the construction phase, and the usage phase, consisting of the actual  use  and  the  reuse  or  end-of-life  phase  (de  Jonge  and  Arkesteijn,  2008).  Sources regarding the life span, building pathology and mortality of buildings more often refer to the physical life or real life, being the period of physical existence, including the usage and end-of-life phase. This is in line with most national building stock statistics that in general only state withdrawal from the residential stock, in some countries subdivided by withdrawal by demolition and/or  disaster,  merging  with  other  buildings  and  loss  of  function  (Dol  and Haffner, 2010)

Obsolescence is commonly regarded as the beginning of the end-of-life phase of buildings. Sources  about  the  life  cycle  of  buildings  show  a  variety  of  terms.  The building and development trade commonly refers to the development cycle, consisting of the development phase, including the design and the construction phase, and the usage phase, consisting of the actual  use  and  the  reuse  or  end-of-life  phase  (de  Jonge  and  Arkesteijn,  2008).  Sources regarding the life span, building pathology and mortality of buildings more often refer to the physical life or real life, being the period of physical existence, including the usage and end-of-life phase. This is in line with most national building stock statistics that in general only state withdrawal from the residential stock, in some countries subdivided by withdrawal by demolition  and/or  disaster,  merging  with  other  buildings  and  loss  of  function  (Dol  and Haffner, 201)

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DESIGN AND PLANNING CONTROL TO NOISE POLLUTION IN PORT-HARCOURT CITY

Category : JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, Volume 11, number 3, 2019

Arimieari Ernest Bright & O.L Frank

Department of Architecture

Rivers State University, port-Harcourt

ABSTRACT

Right from time immemorial everything in life begins with planning, therefore failure to plan planned to fail. In most of the develop cities in the world, urban design and planning were strictly adhered to fascinate it. Hence, in this paper, based on the current experience of high level of noise pollution in Port-Harcourt city, the study intend to reviews the cause, effect and source as were discovered.  The design and planning control to noise pollution were also recommended.

Keywords; Noise Pollution, causes, effects, sources and Control to noise pollution, design and planning.

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