Table of Contents

Evaluation of Hemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) at Different Trimesters of

Pregnancy Among Women in Elele, Rivers State

Agbai E.O., Nwanegwo C.O., Ofoego U.C., Nwodo F.N. and Nwokoroku U.                            1 – 6

Some Toxic Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy

Nwozor C.M.                                                                                                                            7 – 18

Trends in Diagnostic Imaging Workload and Utilization in a Teaching Hospital

Arimie C.O.D.                                                                                                                          19 – 31

Comparative Studies on the Prevalence of Coccidiosis in Indigenous (Gallus- Gallus

 domesticus) and Exotic Breeds (Layers) in Benisheikh Town, Borno State

A.A.G. Benisheikh, Isyaka Tom, Zainab .Y. Thamus, Kyari .A. Sanda and Biu. A.A.                  32 – 37

Periplanata americana and Blatella orientalis (L) (Dictyoptera, Blattidae) as Vectors

of Bacterial Pathogens in Maiduguri, Nigeria.

Biu, A.A., Gulani, I.A., Mohammed, A., Konto, M., Fadimatu, M. and Hafsat, S.A.                    38 – 45

In-Vivo Evaluation of the Effects of Physcia grisea Extract on Alanine

Aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphostase (ALP) Secretions in Albino Rats

Onuorah, Samuel I., Eze, Emmanuel I. and Ugwu, Godwin C.                                                 46 – 51

Effect of Methanolic Extract of Cyperus esculentus L. (Tigernut)on Luteinizing

Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Testosterone, Sperm Count and Motility

in Male Albino Wistar Rats

Agbai E.O. and Nwanegwo C.O.                                                                                              52 – 61

Induction of Microcytic-Hypochromic Anaemia in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Exposed to Sublethal Toxicity of 2, 3-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (Sniper 1000EC) Under Laboratory Conditions

Abubakar, M.I. and Abdulsalami, S.A.                                                                          62 – 72 

Phytochemical Screening of Citrullus lanatus Leaf Aqueous Extract

Biu, A.A., Buratai, L.B. Onwuatogwu, J., Mohammed, A. and Agada, N.O.                              73 – 77

Prevalence of Venereal Diseases among Female Students of Abia State University Uturu, Abia State Nigeria

Etusim P.E., ­­ Nwokoro A.O. and Ndom H.U. _­                                                                           78 – 85

Prevalence of Venereal Diseases among Female Students of Abia State University Uturu, Abia State Nigeria

¹Etusim P.E., ­­ ¹Nwokoro A.O. and ²Ndom H.U. _­

¹Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Abia State University Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.

²Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Abia State University Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria

E-mail: etusimp@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among female students of Abia State University Uturu (ABSU) was studied. Blood samples and High Vaginal Swab (HVS) samples were collected from four hundred and fifty (450) female undergraduate students and investigated for various agents of STIs including: Candida albicans, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Treponema pallidum, Staphylococcus aureus and Human Immuno Deficiency Virus, using standard microbiological methods. The HVS were analyzed using direct wet smear and culture techniques while blood samples were examined using standard proprietory agents. Out of the 450 female students sampled, Candida albicans had the highest prevalence rate of infection of 39.55%. It was followed by S. aureus (24.22%) and T. pallidum (4.0%). N. gonorrhoea and HIV was not isolated among the female students. There was a significant difference in the prevalence level of infection with age (x² cal 7.2616 P<0.05 df3), faculty based distribution (x² cal 3.887 P<0.05 df4). Increased screening for STIs is essential in preventing disease transmission and complicated health problems among these groups.

Phytochemical Screening of Citrullus lanatus Leaf Aqueous Extract

¹Biu, A.A., ²Buratai, L.B. ²Onwuatogwu, J., ¹Mohammed, A. and ²Agada, N.O.

¹Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.

²Department of Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

E-mail:  biuvet@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the aqueous extract of Citrullus lanatus leaf was conducted in this study using standard procedures. The aqueous extract of C. lanatus leaf contained terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and ketoses in high concentrations(+++); tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, combined reducing sugars and reducing sugars were detected in moderate concentrations (++). Free and combined anthraquinones, monosacharrides, pentoses, soluble starch and saponins were not detected. Conclusively, the aqueous extract of C. lanatus in this study contains pharmacological components.

Induction of Microcytic-Hypochromic Anaemia in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Exposed to Sublethal Toxicity of 2, 3-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (Sniper 1000EC) Under Laboratory Conditions

Abubakar, M.I¹ and Abdulsalami, S.A². 

¹Department of Biology, School of Sciences, College of Education, Zuba, Abuja, Nigeria. 

²Department of Biological Sciences, Crescent University, Sapon Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Email: a.midiog@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Microcytic-hypochromic anaemia was induced in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) at intervals of 1, 14 and 28 days.  Experimental fish were exposed to test water separately diluted with sub lethal concentrations of sniper 1000EC of 0, 0.27, 0.31, 0.41 and 0.55mg/L. A 28 days exposure to sublethal concentrations of the toxicant resulted in changes in heamatological parameters of the fish on the exposure days (1, 14 and 28). Blood dyscrasias attributable to microcytic- hypochromic anaemia  was observed with a significant (p<0.05) decrease in haemoglobin, haematocrit, red blood cells, white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Neutrophils, eosinophil and basophil increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing concentrations of the toxicant.

Effect of Methanolic Extract of Cyperus esculentus L. (Tigernut)on Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Testosterone, Sperm Count and Motility in Male Albino Wistar Rats

Agbai E.O¹. and Nwanegwo C.O².

¹Department of Human Physiology, Madonna University Elele, Rivers State Nigeria.

²Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri Nigeria.

E-mail: vivy4okey@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The effect of methanolic extract of Cyperus esculentus L. on follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and some sperm parameters in twenty four  adult albino male wistar rats. After six weeks administration of extract of Cyperus esculentus L., results showed statistically significant difference in LH levels at P < 0.05 between Group A (4.80 ± 1.04) compared with experimental Group B (5.70 ± 0.46), Group C (5.48 ± 0.27) and Group D (5.45 ± 0.37). FSH levels showed statistically significant difference at P < 0.05 between Group A (11.55 ± 0.46) compared Group D (15.20 ± 1.33). There was no statistically significant difference at P > 0.05 between Group A (11.55 ± 0.46) compared with Group B (11.30 ± 1.93) and Group C (11.08 ± 0.78). Testosterone levels showed statistically significant differences at P < 0.05 between Group A (3.30 ± 0.30) compared to Group B (3.75 ± 0.47), Group C (4.23 ± 0.34) and Group D (3.63 ± 0.63). The sperm count levels showed statistically significant differences at P < 0.05 between Group A (168.0 ± 4.54) compared to Group B (182 ± 4.94), Group C (174.25 ± 6.86) and Group D (176.0 ± 6.09). There was statistically significant difference at P < 0.05 between Group A (71.50 ± 1.55) compared to Group B (74.25 ± 1.54) and (76.25 ± 2.59). However, there was no statistically significant difference at P > 0.05 between Group A (71.50 ± 1.55) compared with Group C (68.50 ± 3.75). Results showed that methanolic extract of Cyperus esculentus significantly increased gonadotropins, testosterone and sperm parameters in a dose-dependent fashion.

In-Vivo Evaluation of the Effects of Physcia grisea Extract on Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphostase (ALP) Secretions in Albino Rats

¹Onuorah, Samuel I., ^2*Eze, Emmanuel I. and ³Ugwu, Godwin C.

¹ Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

² Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

³ Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

E-mail: emmaclems2003@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Blood samples from four (4) groups (A, B, C and D) of albino rats of four rats per group were analyzed for Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) secretions. The analysis was carried out in two phases; phase 1 and phase 2. In phase one, which was the zero analysis, the weights of the animals were taken and the blood samples were collected and analysed. From the analysis, it was observed that there were secretions of ALT and ALP in the albino rats before administration. In the second phase of the analysis, the groups A, B, and C were orally administered 500 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg of P. grisea respectively while the control (group D) were administered tragacant solution which was the vehicle used. After three weeks of administration, the blood samples were collected for final analysis to check the effect of P. greasia on both ALT and ALP secretions. It was however observed that there was significant decrease (P>0.05) in ALT and ALP secretions except in group D that served as the control. This could therefore be deduced that P. grisea may have a hepato-protective ability if properly utilized.

Periplanata americana and Blatella orientalis (L) (Dictyoptera, Blattidae) as Vectors of Bacterial Pathogens in Maiduguri, Nigeria.

¹Biu, A.A., ²Gulani, I.A., ¹Mohammed, A., ¹Konto, M., ¹Fadimatu, M. and ³Hafsat, S.A.

¹Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Parasitology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

²Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

³Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

E-mail:  biuvet@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Cockroaches are found to be associated with human dwellings worldwide thereby; affecting public health through their habits which makes them ideal mechanical carriers of several pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, helminths, protozoa and fungi. This study was conducted to isolate and identify bacteria from external surfaces and digestive tract of 50 Cockroaches collected around human dwellings in Jere Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. Colonial morphology and biochemical characterization revealed that cockroaches harboured Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Corynebacterium pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Streptococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aerugenosa, on their cuticle and intestinal contents. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were indicated by diameter of inhibition zone in millimetres. Complete resistance was observed with floxapen, ampicillin and erythromycin for Gram positive isolates, and ampicillin and ampicillin/cloxacilin for Gram negative isolates. However, pockets of resistance were observed for cephalexin, cotrimoxazole, amoxicilin, clindamycin and ofloxacin for Gram positive bacteria, and tetracycline, norfloxacin, amoxicillin, ofloxacin, chloramphenicol, cefuroxime and gentamicin for Gram negative bacteria. In conclusion, cockroaches in Maiduguri harbour pathogenic bacteria which showed resistance to antimicrobial agents.