POTENTIALS OF WOOD AS A SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

MATERIAL IN NIGERIA

Bashir, F.M.^1*, Mohd H.A.², Adetunji A.B.³ and Dodo Y.A.⁴

^1&4Department of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor-Bahru, Malaysia.

²Institute Sultan Iskandar Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor-Bahru, Malaysia.

^1&3Department of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor-Bahru, Malaysia.

E-mail: faizahbash@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Emphasis on how to strategize the adaptation of developmental policies into the mainstreamed of Vision 2020:20 as propose by Nigerian Government, with the building sector having a greater potential to reduce CO₂ emission. Currently 40% of global resource consumption is as a result of building construction. The main goal is to optimize the environment performance of a building using a life cycle approach, in which most green building rating system are also trying to adopt and incorporate as well. Through a literature review of life cycles of various construction materials, it shows that solid wood is a very energy efficient raw material. Solid wood processing is environmentally friendly and should be relatively free of pollution. The energy efficiency of wood was confirmed that solid wood building products are ten to thirty times as energy efficient as the equivalent non-wood substitutes (steel, concrete, etc.). The paper conclude by emphasising on the need for creating awareness and establishing policies that would encourage the use of wood as a sustainable building materials against non-wood substitutes in Nigeria in order to continue greening the earth.

GOVERNMENT RESIDENTIAL ESTATES IN AKURE, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

¹Ogunmakinde, O.E., ²Akinola, A.A. and ³Siyanbola, A.B.

¹Department of Architecture, Oduduwa University Ipetumodu, Osun State.

²Oduak Project and Construction Limited, Ibadan, Oyo State

³Department of Architectural Technology, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Oyo State.

E-mail: b4bode@yahoo.com, siyanbolabukola@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper is based on the factors affecting building maintenance in government residential estates in Akure, the capital city of Ondo State, Nigeria. The paper reviews the existing literature on building maintenance, types of maintenance, nature of maintenance, purpose of maintenance and causes of maintenance. The effects of poor building maintenance were also observed. It identified non-availability of funds, indiscipline and ignorance, bad economy, corruption, cultural beliefs, lack of maintenance culture, lack of skilled maintenance personnel, use of foreign building materials and unethical behaviour as some of the factors responsible for poor
maintenance work. The study utilized a structured questionnaire, which was administered on the residents of three (3) different government owned estates in the city. Data analysis indicated that, maintenance is carried out whenever a fault is detected within the building. The study also revealed that majority of the population studied provides little or no fund at all for maintenance works. The paper in conclusion makes recommendations for improved maintenance culture and the need for proactive approaches to maintenance, which includes a maintenance manual to be strictly adhered to by all and sundry.

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: A SURVEY OF ENDANGERED

ANIMAL SPECIES IN NIGERIA

¹Yunana Mba Abui, ²Makarau S.B. and ³Banta, A. L.

¹Department of Environmental Management

^2&3Department of Agriculture

Kaduna State University, Kafanchan Campus, Kaduna State, Nigeria

E-mail: abuimbayunana@yahoo.com,

ABSTRACT

Wild life species is one of the forms of living organisms that comprises of biodiversity. The Nigeria environment is the home to many native and exotic wild life species. The paper reviewed the survey of endangered animal species and its importance for sustainable environment in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the paper are to assess the importance of animal species in Nigeria, to examine the reasons for animal attack, and to suggest ways of realizing environmental sustainability in Nigeria. The findings showed that ten of the Nigeria animal species are endangered due to habitat loss, hunting poaching, civil wars pollution and other human interferences. The wild life species are important for the maintenance of biodiversity, environmental sustainability, boosting of tourism, besides making the Nigerian environment beautiful and exciting place to live. It is recommended that the government should intensify the awareness campaign on the danger of animals going extinction, re-defining Decree No.11 of 1985 of the National House of Assembly to include amphibian and other endangered animal species, government should not grant permission for the killing of the endangered species, road safety laws should extend to prohibiting killing of animals species, all non-poisonous snakes should be labeled endangered species in an attempts to preserve them. Nigerian government should therefore put more efforts towards the protection of endangered species so that they do not become extinct due to their importance and relevance to development.

ESTIMATION OF GROUND SURFACE TEMPERATURE (GST) FROM METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS IN MAIDUGURI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

Ali Gabchia

Department of Physics

Kashim Ibrahim College of Education Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

E-mail: tinted01@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The monthly and annual data averages of Ground Surface Temperature (GST) were estimated from the daily records of air temperature recorded at meteorological station in Maiduguri International Airport. The mean air temperature and ground surface temperature (GST) at the station was estimated to be 36.5±3^oC and 36.5±18^oC respectively. The variation of month-wise ground surface temperature (GST) estimates which vary between 24.4±0.4^oC and 28.0±0^oC is noted to follow the general weather pattern.

THE INCIDENCE OF BUILDING COLLAPSE AND EMERGENCY

MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA

Umeora Chukwunonso Obiefuna

Bonspace Associates 159 Zik Avenue, Uwani Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria

E-mail: coumeora@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT The research investigates the causes of building collapse in Nigeria and proffers appropriate solutions. Also, an assessment of the magnitude of the disasters of building collapse is done. An evaluation of the existing capacities to prevent, annihilate and get ready for them is also carried out. Thus by providing necessary tools to provide a haven fit far man. The study is carried out with secondary data which were used to assess the scale of human causalities emanating from reported cases of building collapse in selected Nigerian cities between 1997-2009. The assessment, done with the aid of a model showed that building collapse has killed a good number of people in Nigeria. An appraisal was done, it revealed emergency management is still far-fetched in Nigeria, and different recommendations made which include raising the level of emergency management awareness of the Nigerian people

EVALUATION OF ORGANIC WASTE GENERATION FROM HOUSEHOLDS IN MAKARFI TOWN, MAKARFI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE 

¹Yunana, Mba Abui, ²Bonet, Rikichi Atiyong and ³Ali Nehemiah

¹Department of Environmental Management

Kaduna State University, Kafanchan Campus, Kaduna State, Nigeria

^2&3Sciences and Technology, Shehu Idris College of Health, Makarfi, Kaduna State, Nigeria.                                                                                                            E-mail: abuimbayunana@yahoo.com, atiyongbonet@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Organic wastes are wastes generated from human activities in all places of human habitation and are capable of undergoing aerobic and anaerobic decomposition with the emission of gases with obnoxious and offensive odour, air, water and land pollution which has the propensity to cause human health related problems, environmental degradation and loss of aesthetic beauty of the environment. In order to assess the organic waste generation from households in Makarfi Town, four objectives were set as thus: to investigate the types of Organic Waste generated by each household on a daily basis, to determine the quantity of Organic Waste generated on a daily basis per household, to examine the utilization of Organic Waste generated by each household and to examine the method used in the management of organic waste generated by each household in Tudun Wada Ward. Field assessment and descriptive survey design and structured questionnaire were used. 97 household were sampled out randomly in the five areas. Polythene bags were provided to each of households to be storing the organic waste generated from each homes on a daily basis for a period of five months. A calibrated weighing scale was used to weigh the organic waste generated per each household and recorded. The results obtained indicated that there is high rate of organic waste generation per household and these waste are generated more during weekends which is higher than the average of residential waste generation rate in Nigeria which is 0.45-0.65kg/person/day. 15.47% of the households utilize their organic waste for composting and animal feeding and 16.49% do not utilize their waste for any purpose, 46.39% of the households dispose their waste indiscriminately on open dumps and 21.49% recycle and reuse their waste. It is recommended that households should utilize all the organic waste generated either for composting, biogas production or use the garbage to feed animals. This will promote and enhances environmental sustainability and transformation.

MICRO–ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKED CURED FRESH WATER PRAWN IN OPEN MARKETS IN ABEOKUTA, NIGERIA.

Akinyemi, A. A.

Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management,

Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

E-mail: adeoluakinyemi@yahoo.com, akinyemiaa@unaab.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to isolate and characterize microorganisms of smoked cured Microbranchium. Examination of smoke prawn sold in the four (4) different markets in Abeokuta (Itoku, Lafenwa, Kuto and Omida) revealed the presence of micro–organisms, with the intestine having the highest range of bacteria load, followed by the skin, while the carapase had the least. The bacteria load ranged from 2.0×10⁴gin the gill of smoke hake prawn from Lafenwa market to 9.3×10⁵g in the intestine of smoke panaeidae from Omida market. The following species of micro-organisms were detected: Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. with Micrococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. being the least occurring. While some samples from Elega markets harboured five different types of bacteria. Rhodo-oorula spp. and Candida spp. were more prevalent on smoke prawn than molds (Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp.). These micro–organisms cause food spoilage and poisoning. Some are probably post-processing contaminants. Local method of processing (smoking) fish seems to be inadequate for prolonging their shelf-life, thus; the need for better and improved processing techniques.

MAGNETIC ANOMALIES AND STRUCTURES IN SONG, HAWAL BASEMENT COMPLEX NORTHEASTERN NIGERIA

*Barka, J. **Bassey, N.E. and *Tabale, R.P.

*Department of Geology, Gombe State University

** Department of Geology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola.

E-mail: joebarka@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Digitized data obtained from the aeromagnetic map covering Song and environs ranges from 32640 to 33000 gammas and the amplitude of residual magnetic anomaly ranges from a minimum of -63 to a maximum of 90 gammas. Areas of positive residual magnetic anomalies were interpreted in terms of intrusive/extrusive marfic rocks owing to the geological evidence of basaltic rocks in the area while negative residual magnetic anomalies were interpreted in terms of the presence of gneisses, granites, migmatite and non-magnetic sedimentary rocks of the Tertiary age. Qualitative interpretation of the magnetic anomaly map covering the study area revealed a regional trends of N-S to NE-SW, NW-SE and E-W, this character of magnetic field support the results obtained from the structural geologic mapping of the area and could be genetically related to trends of magnetic grains within structures such as faults, foliations, joints, shear deformation, dykes and veins encountered within the area during a follow-up ground truthting.

USING GIS AND GPS TECHNIQUES IN MAPPING ROAD ACCIDENT PRONE AREAS IN JALINGO TOWN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

J.D. Edan¹, Aliyu A.² and Sarkinzango I.³

Department of Surveying & Geoinformatics

Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria

E-mail: johnsonedan@yahoo.com, aminu.aliyu48@yahoo.com, sakinzango@yahoo.com or imohammed@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT In this paper, effort has been made to map out road accident prone areas in Jalingo metropolis using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). Street guide map of Jalingo metropolis and road accident data for the year 2009, 2010 and 2011 were used in identifying and mapping of the accident prone areas. GPS coordinates were taken and used for geo-referencing and digitization using AutoCAD Land Development and Arc GIS 9.2 which give the digital map of accident prone areas. In addition, accident particulars for the year 2009, 2010 and 2011 such as, location, type of vehicle involved, and number of persons injured or dead were also collect and included in a GIS database. It was revealed that year 2011 had the highest number of accidents due to the growing population and increase in number of vehicles. The result revealed that the distribution of accident varies depending on the types of road surface at the time of accident, the type and number of vehicles involved in the collision. It is recommended that Police, Road Safety, VIO official and other transport workers will find this study useful in identifying remedial measures for the improvement of safety.        

ASSESSMENT OF SLAUGHTER HOUSE WASTE IMPACTS ON THE DRY SEASON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF AKU STREAM

¹Christopher U. Okoronkwo, ²Patrick A. Ogwo and ¹Nwachukwu O. Ndubuisi 

¹Department of Microbiology

²Department of Environmental Resource Management

^1&2Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria.

E-mail pfaikon78@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The effects of slaughter house waste on the physico-chemical content of Aku stream was studied by collecting triplicate samples from the five designated sampling stations and 150 meters apart from each stations. The mean values of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (7.23mg/L), Hardness (28.43mg/L), SO₄² (407 mg/L), NO₃ (575mg/L), Ca²⁺ (46.30mg/L), K⁺ (214.81mg/L), Zinc (6.48mg/L), pH (6.23), Total solids (0.13mg/L) were consistently higher than the values obtained from downstream and upstream sampling points. The same trend continued from temperature (29⁰C), Mg⁺ (2.19 mg/L), Cu (0.12mg/L). Two-way analysis of variance show significant difference in the five stations sampled at 5% level (P<0.05). The parameters analyzed did not fall into the World Health Organization standard of drinking water quality. Therefore, Lokpanta and its environs should be provided with alternative source of drinking water.