SOCIAL ENGINEERING RELATED ATM FRAUD: A WAY FORWARD

1Bulus L.D., 2Sajoh D.I. and 3Onyeka N.C.
Department of Computer Science
Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
E-mail: buluslucy08@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

It is well-known that criminals have many ways of illegally accessing ATM card to retrieve money in account of legitimate users. In this paper, brief overviews of the possible fraudulent activities that may be associated with social engineering were provided. Security measures to guide against such
problem were also provided. One hundred questionnaires were distributed to respondents; Fig.3 in appendix illustrates the respondents’ views in percentage. More so, Table 4 shows the chi-square distribution. Hence, from this study, it
can be deduce that people are not making themselves vulnerable to social engineering attacks. Finally, social engineering attacks happened on daily basis it, depends on the way it appears to users of the ATM card.

RADIATION EXPOSURE LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH GOLD MINING IN SAKWA WAGUSU AREA, BONDO DISTRICT, KENYA.

2Aguko W.O., 1Kinyua R., and 2Ongeri R.M. 1Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi-Kenya. 2&2Physics Department,
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi-Kenya.
E-mail: masira_j@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The concentrations and distribution of natural radionuclides in soils and water from around Sakwa Wagusu Area, Kenya were investigated with an aim of evaluating the environmental radioactivity and radiological health hazard. These radionuclides are a source of radiation exposure which has been documented to have detrimental health effects for populations living in high background radiation area. Thirty nine rock and soil samples were collected from ten sites of Sakwa Wagusu area, Bondo district to measure their natural radioactivity concentrations due to 226Ra, 232Th and 40K radionuclides. Measurements were done by use of gamma spectrometry method with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The calculated activities for 226Ra ranged from 7.2 – 113.8 Bqkg-1 (mean: 44.2Bqkg-1), for 232Th ranged from 4.6 – 100.7 Bqkg-1(mean: 40.3Bqkg-1) and for 40K ranged from 119.3 – 1611.8Bqkg-1 (mean: 639.6Bqkg-1). The mean measured absorbed dose rate for the areas under study, measured at 1m above the surface was 141.6nGyh-1 while the calculated total absorbed dose rates were found to average 69.8nGyh-1 below the surface. To evaluate the radiological hazard of the natural radioactivity, the radium equivalent activity, the external hazard index, internal hazard index, the absorbed dose rate and the effective dose rate have been calculated and compared with internationallyapproved values. The radium equivalent activity values of all samples are lower than the limit of 370Bqkg-1. The values of the external and internal indices are less than unity. The calculated mean outdoor effective dose rate was 0.17mSvy-1 and is less than 1mSvy-1 upper limit recommended for the public by ICRP. An excess lifetime cancer risk of 0.02% was achieved with an assumption of 30% occupancy factor, the risk factor of 0.04 per Sv (ICRP, 2008) and the mean annual effective dose rate of 0.17mSvy-1.

STRUCTURE AND SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF CoCrTa THIN FILMS DEPOSITED AT LOW SPUTTERING PRESSURE

Usman M. Gana
Department of Physics, Bayero University, Kano
E-mail: ganau1871@buk.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
Thin films of Co78.6Cr18.9Ta2.5 were deposited on ultra-flat and smooth glass disk substrates. The structure and surface morphology of the films were studied by optical and electron (scanning and transmission) microscopy. The combination of the inertness of the substrate and the low deposition pressure used lead to the development of isolated grains. The surface morphology of the films remained smooth and fairly flat with average surface roughness of 1.64nm. The sample deposited at the highest pressure of 1.2 x 10-2mbar showed the greatest deviation of the roughness value from Gaussian (normal) distribution of the glass disk substrate. The low surface roughness values are indicative of good potential of the use of the technique in the production of media that could employ very low flying heights in magnetic recording.

PRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE HEATING PROPERTIES OF COAL AND RICE HUSK BRIQUETTES USING CaSO4 AS A BINDER

Ogbuagu Jephtha1, Onuegbu Theresa2, Ikelle Issie Ikelle3,
Chimezie Onuoha4, and Anyigor Chukwuma5
1&2Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka
3,4&5Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki
E-mail: iikelle@ymail.com
ABSTRACT
This work involves the production of briquettes from coal and rice husk. The different briquette samples were produced by blending varying compositions of coal and rice husk at the following ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100 using calcium sulphate as a binder and calcium hydroxide as the desulphurizing agent. The briquettes were produced mechanically using a manual briquetting machine with pressure maintained at 5MPa. Results of the proximate analysis showed that of the different compositions that 60% coal:40% rice husk briquettes with following values for ash content 25.92%, fixed carbon 47.18%, moisture content 3.82%, density 0.474g/cm3, volatile matter 23.08%, porosity index 42.53%, calorific value 118.44KJ/g, water boiling test 2.14mins, ignition time 33.10secs, burning time 19.85mins and sulphur content 7.04% exhibited optimum combustible quality when compared with other compositions of briquettes
produced.

PHYSICS OF GROUNDWATER FLOW FOR CONFINED AND UNCONFINED AQUIFERS IN RELATION TO MEASUREMENT OF GROUNDWATER LEVEL VARIATION WITH TIME

Hayatu A.I., Nura Y. and Nuhu I.
Department of Physics,
University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Email: hayatuabbaibrahim@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
This research is on physics of groundwater flow which consist of equations of confined and unconfined aquifers these are mathematical equation called steady state or Laplace’s equation and Boussinesq of equation respectively .As in many third world countries like Nigeria the need to study groundwater flow is very important , as water is very important for human survival and environment .But , it is also scarce in many developing countries as such to have enough knowledge of the ground water flow and what it takes to have sufficient water supply is very important for living things and the environment in general.

DETERMINATION OF THRESHOLD RADIATION DOSE IN THE DEGRADATION PROCESS OF INDIGO DYE BY GAMMA IRRADIATION TECHNIQUE

T. S. Bich1, S.P. Mallam2, D.G. Diso1 and M.A.Y. Hotoro1
1Department of Physics, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano, Nigeria
2Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission, Abuja, Nigeria
Email: tsbichiosh@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Irradiation of indigo dye samples with gamma radiation at different radiation doses reveal that as radiation dose is increased the absorbance of the dye decreases. At the radiation dose of 0.6 kGy the spectral peak of the dye samples completely disappears indicating complete degradation of the dye. It is further observed that the behavior/decrease in absorbance of the dye samples has a peculiarity at the radiation dose of 0.3 kGy. Such peculiarity is also clearly observed in the curves for absorbance versus radiation dose, Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) versus radiation dose, peak height versus radiation dose and change in base points versus radiation dose. The possible implication of these observations is discussed.

COMPARISON OF GEL AND MACROPOROUS RESINS USING THE REMOVAL OF Pb (II) IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY CATIONS EXCHANGE RESINS SYNTHESIZED FROM ORANGE MESOCARP AS CASE STUDY

Iyekekpolor R.M.
Department of Chemistry
University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State
Email: iyekekpolorukevwe@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The gel and macroporous resins were compared using the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by cation exchange resin synthesized from orange mesocarp. The resin synthesized from the orange mesocarp extract was observed to be a gel type resin while that synthesized from the orange mesocarp residue was observed to be a macroporous type resin. The experiment was carried out using 5ppm, 10ppm, 15ppm, 20ppm, and 25ppm solution of Pb(II) ion and 0.5g of the dry resin was added to 15ml of each concentration solution. Analysis using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer show 84.6% metal ion removal for the 5ppm solution orange mesocarp extract resin (gel type) and 41.0% metal ion removal for the 5ppm solution with the orange mesocarp residue resin (macro-porous type). The initial pH of the metal ion solution decreased from 6.8 to 1.5 for both resin. The result indicates that the orange mesocarp extract resin removed more metal ions at lower concentrations (5ppm) than the orange mesocarp residue resin.

PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND LEVELS OF SOME ANTI-NUTRIENT CONTENTS OF Urgineaaltissima

A.S. Kamba., L. Abubakar., M.U. Muhammad., S.M. Adamu and S. Muhammad.
Department of Chemistry
Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto State
Email: Lawaligada@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Proximate composition and levels of some anti-nutrient in Urgineaaltissima was investigated. The objective of the study is to investigate the nutritional properties of Urgineaaltissima using standard analytical methods. On dry weight basis, the proximate analyses showed it contained moisture (8.33 ± 0.57%), crude lipid (2.16 ± 0.28%), ash (6.66 ± 0.76%), crude protein (3.70 ± 0.07%), crude fibre (5.66 ± 0.57%), available carbohydrate (81.7±7.90%) and calorific value (361.4Kcal/100g). the results of mineral analysis indicated that the sample contained appreciable amount of mineral elements with potassium as the predominant element in the sample. Anti-nutritional analysis showed the presence of phytate (75.62mg%), oxalate (0.07mg%), saponins (4.60mg%) and hydrocyanic acid (1.22mg%). The values are lower than the reference toxic standard levels. Therefore, rgineaaltissima could supplement the potential nutritional uses.