Table of Contents

Proximate Analysis of Sputum Samples for Streptoccus pneumoniae in Benisheikh

General Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria

A.A.G Benisheikh, Yufusam .S. Kuburi, Isyaka M.T., Baba J.U., Abubakar M. and Zainab Y. Thamus         1 – 6

Does Myzus perciseae Reduce Botrytis cinerea Infection?

Yahaya, S.M. and Hauwa, Y.I.                                                                                                   7 – 20

Time Course Kinetics of Acid Phosphatase and b-Galactosidase of Starved E. coli Cells

H. Zanna, M.A. Milala, A.J. Nok, P. Wuyep and E. Amlabu                                                      21 – 28

Phytochemistry and In vitro Trypanocidal Efficacy of Selected Medicinal Plants of Semi-Arid North-Eastern Nigeria

Biu, A.A., Buratai, L.B., Amarachi, I.C., Kyari, F., Mohammed, A.,Adawaren, E.O.,

Fasuyi, F.H., Jegede, O.C. and Ejiofor C.                                                                                   29 – 39

Curcin from Jatropha curcas Seed as a Potential Anthelminthic

Jummai, A.T. and Okoli, B.J.                                                                                                    40 – 47

Intestinal Fluid and Glucose Transport in Rats Treated with Ethanolic Extract of Gongronema latifolium

Alagwu, E.A., Nwozor, C.M., Umuakobong, A.U., and Osim, E.E.                                             48 – 58

An Overview of Bioethanol Production from Cassava Feedstock in Nigeria

Kura, A.M.                                                                                                                                59 – 72

Functional Properties and Pasting Characteristics of Flour from Five Varieties of Nigerian Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan)

Adenekan, M.K, Awonorin, S.O, Oguntoyinbo, S.I, Nupo, S.S and Odunmbaku, L.A                  73 – 84

Sustainable Chemistry as a Tool for Re-Shaping the Nigeria Chemical Industry in the Area of Environmental Protection

Azuaga, I. Chia, Otuonye, U.C and Fariku, Samuel                                                                  85 – 90

SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY AS A TOOL FOR RE-SHAPING THE NIGERIA CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN THE AREA OF ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION

¹Azuaga, I. Chia, ²Otuonye, U.C and ¹Fariku, Samuel

¹Chemistry Department, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria.

²Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University of Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.

E-mail: kperan2000@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

Sustainable Chemistry seeks to reduce the impact of Chemistry on the environment by preventing pollution and its source and using fewer natural resources. The focus of this paper, therefore, is to explain the role the chemist can play in assisting chemical industries in meeting the needs of society at the same time not harming the surrounding and invariably the people.

FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND PASTING CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOUR FROM FIVE VARIETIES OF NIGERIAN PIGEON PEA (CAJANUS CAJAN)

¹Adenekan, M.K, ³Awonorin, S.O, ¹Oguntoyinbo, S.I, ²Nupo, S.S and ¹Odunmbaku, L.A

¹Food Technology Department, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

²Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

³Food Science and Technology Department, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

E-mail: adenekanmonilola2011@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The functional and pasting characteristics of flour produced from five selected varieties of Nigerian Pigeon pea, namely, NSWCC-46, NSWCC-35, NSWCC-18, NSWCC-28, and NSWCC-32 were evaluated. The functional properties include: loosed bulk density (0.4g/cm³); packed bulk density (0.6 to 0.7g/cm³); water absorption capacity (119.0 to 125.0%); oil absorption (123.5 to 133.3%); foaming capacity (16.3 to 29.2%); foaming stability (13.6 to 34.3%); emulsifying property (0.2 to 0.4%); solubility (0.9 to 12.1%) and least gelation capacity (6.0 to 8.0%). The  pasting characteristics were:  peak  (3.53  to  61.83 RVU);  trough (1.67 to 56.1 RVU); breakdown  values (1.83  to  6.53  RVU), final  viscosities (11.43 to 92.08 RVU);  set back values (6.67 to7.03 RVU); peak time (9.75 to 23.83mins); and pasting temperature (94.13 to 95.45 ºC). The overall results of this study   have shown that the measured quality indices should provide base line data for value addition in the use of pigeon peas in food systems and enhance the production and utilization potentials of the crop, including food security for the country.

AN OVERVIEW OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM

CASSAVA FEEDSTOCK IN NIGERIA

Kura, A.M.

Department of Biological Sciences

Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria.

E-mail: amohammedkura@ymail.com

ABSTRACT

The production of bioethanol from cassava feedstock may hold great promises for the fact that cassava is easily accessible, abundant, and has relatively low cost of production. However the high output of cassava in the country is in fact due to government policies in providing improved varieties and enhanced production practices. Currently Nigeria being the leading cassava producer in the world, has decided to participate in the production of bioethanol mainly from Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) feedstock. However, there is need for the government to review both short and long term strategies for cassava production, in order to meet the extra demand for bioethanol production. Since Nigeria government has embarked on an ambitious program to promote the use of bioethanol as transportation fuel. Therefore it is concluded that due to large availability of cassava in Nigeria gives a great potential for biofuels production. The study offers suggestions, to serve as contributions for the bioethanol programme these include excise tax exemption for the biofuels production and income tax waiver for both local and foreign investors; introduce loans and subsidies for biofuel production etc.

INTESTINAL FLUID AND GLUCOSE TRANSPORT IN RATS TREATED WITH ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF GONGRONEMA LATIFOLIUM

Alagwu, E.A.¹, Nwozor, C.M.², Umuakobong, A.U.³, and Osim, E.E.³

¹Department of Physiology, Imo State University, Owerri.

²Department of Physiology, Anambra State University, Uli.

³Department of Physiology, University of Calabar.

E-mail:corneliusnwozor@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Effect of ethanolic extract of Gongronema latifolium on intestinal fluid transfer and glucose uptake across the small intestine of albino rats was studied using 12 male albino rats weighing between 140g-200g. The rats were randomly grouped into 2 (the control and test groups), six rats in each group. The test group was fed with ethanolic extracts of G. latifolium at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight for 60days and rat feeds. The control group was fed with rat feeds and equal volume of normal saline. Tap water was given to both groups. The feeds and volume of water intake were weighed, measured and recorded. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed by cervical dislocation, the small intestine dissected out of each rat, cut into four segments of 10cm long (two from the jejunum and two from the ileum) and used for glucose and fluid uptake study, using the everted sac technique of Wilson and Wiseman (1954) as modified by Adeniyi and Olowookorun (1987). The results obtained showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in glucose uptake (2.82±0.57mmol/g sac/30mins) and intestinal fluid transfer (0.31±0.18ml/mg sac /30minutes) in the extract treated (test) rats compared with the control group (fluid transfer: 0.33±0.12ml/mg sac/30 minutes, glucose uptake: 2.29±0.36mmol/g sac /30minutes). However, there was significant increase (P<0.05) in the percentage weight gain (28.6%), percentage food intake (73.9%) and percentage water intake (35%) in the extract treated (test) rats compared with the control (percentage body weight gain, 20%, percentage food intake, 41.3%, percentage water intake, 23.5%). The results showed that administration of Gongronema latifolium leaf extracts does not significantly (P>0.05) affect glucose uptake and gut fluid transfer in rat but significantly (P<0.05) caused body weight gain as well as increased water and food intake in the test group.

CURCIN FROM JATROPHA CURCAS SEED AS A POTENTIAL ANTHELMINTHIC

Jummai, A.T¹ and Okoli, B.J²

¹National Biotechnology Development Agency, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria. 

²Department of Chemistry, Bingham University, Karu, Nassarawa State, Nigeria.

E-mail: okolibj@binghamuni.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

The study was done with the aim to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of curcin from Jatropha curcas seedusing adult earthworm Pheritima posthuma against Niclosamide (5 mg/mL) as standard references and normal saline as control. The activities of the possible crude curcin was determined on the tested parasites in this study so as to verify if the Jatropha curcas seed would be a potential sources of useful anthelminthic drugs by monitoring the time to achieve paralysis of the worms was determined. In the acute toxicity test, toxic signs were observed at 300mg/kg. However, the Pheritima posthuma displayed physical changes with LD₅₀ of 800mg/kg per body weight. The toxicity of curcin in Pheritima posthuma is high; however, caution should be exercised in its use especially at high doses.