EVALUATION OF THE NUTRIENT AND ANTINUTRIENT COMPOSITIONS OF SESAME (Sesamum Indicum L) MILK

¹Okudu H.O, ²Nwaokoro F.C

^1,2Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State

E-mail: helenokudu@yahoo.com

Abstract: Sesame (Sesamum Indicum) was purchased in Ubani Market Abia State Nigeria from five randomly selected vendors and pooled to obtain the samples for the milk production. Standard method was used to prepare the milk. The proximate and vitamin content of the samples were determined using standard AOAC methods. Mineral elements were determined using wet-acid digestion method for multiple nutrients determination. All tests were carried out in duplicates and the data generated were analysed using standard methods. Sesame milk contains crude protein (3.47%), fat (2.27%), ash (0.80%), crude fiber (0.09%), and CHO (3.54%). Sesame milk is a good source of mineral but poor source of vitamin. Sesame milk contains Ca (194.00mg/100g), Mg (39.37mg/100g), K (35.72mg/100g), Na (63.63mg/100g) and Fe (1.79mg/100g); β-carotene (5.89µg/100g), B₁(0.05mg/100g), B₂ (0.03mg/100g), B₃ (0.17mg/100g) and vitamins C and E (0.65 and 0.78mg/100g respectively). The entire antinutrient determined were below 1%.The study shows that sesame milk is a good source of protein, fat, and minerals (Ca, K).  

PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF Ipomea-Turbinata (MOON PURPLE FLOWER)

¹Muhammad M.U, ²Idris B., ³Hassan S. &⁴Tafida G.M.

^{1, 2, &3}Department of Chemistry, Shehu Shagari College Education, Sokoto

⁴Department of Registry/Health Services, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria

Abstract: Proximate content of Ipomea-turbinate (moon purple flower) leaves was carried out using standard analytical techniques. The leaves were analyzed to determined proximate nutrient content and some selected minerals elements. The results of the proximate analysis revealed a moisture content of (85.5±0.81%) and (5.2±0.47%), 8.7+0.61%, 2.16+0.03% for ash, crude protein, lipid and crude fibers respectively. The available carbohydrate was observed to be (72.17+0.46%) in the sample while its calorific value is (342.9kcal/100g). The plant leaves contained appreciable amount of mineral elements, with tran as predominant element. The anti-nutritional content of the plant showed the presence of oxalate (0.03mg/100g), phytate (3.21mg/100g), alkaloids (0.0018mg/100g), Nitrates (1.63mg/100g) and cyanide (0.48mg/100g) respectively. The values are lower than the references toxic standard levels. Therefore Ipomea turbinate could be used to supplement the potential nutritional uses.

DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN CRAYFISH SOLD IN SELECTED TOWNS (Asaba, Ozoro, Patani and Sapele), DELTA STATE NIGERIA

Igbuku, A.U.

Department of Science Laboratory Technology

Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro.

Email; Igbukuaugustinaufuoma@gmail.com

Abstract: Anthropogenic inputs of pollutants such as heavy metals into the marine environment have increased their levels to large extents within the past few decades. This study investigated the level of heavy metals in crayfish sold in selected towns (Asaba, Ozoro, Patani and Sapele) Delta State Nigeria. Crayfish samples were purchased from the local markets and digested using nitric acid/hydrochloric acid mixture. Heavy metal concentration was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Buck 200). The result obtained ranged from 0.161 – 4.466mg/kg for Fe; 2.666 – 5.050mg/kg for Co; 0.074 – 0.517mg/kg for Cr; 0.235 – 0.758mg/kg for Mn and 0.513 – 4.875. Chromium was the most dominant metal while cadmium was the least occurring metal. The mean concentration of the metals follows in the order: Cr>Zn>Pb>Fe>Cu>Mn>Ni>Cd. The result revealed that Cr, Ni, Co and Pb exceeded the guideline safe limits by WHO/IAEA. The level of Cr, Ni, Co and Pb in this study calls for concern considering the toxic nature of the metals. There is thus the need to regularly monitor the prevalence of heavy metals in crayfish sold in the region.

ANALYSIS OF PROFITABILITY AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF SHEA BUTTER MARKETING: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA.

Olugbire, O.O¹, *Aremu, F.J, ² Oyedele³ P.B, Ogedengbe, T.A³

¹ Department of Forest Economics &Extension Service, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho, Ibadan, Oyo

²Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

³Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State

Email: fakunle2011@gmail.com

Abstract: This study examines empirically profitability and operational efficiencies in the marketing of Shea butter in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data were used for the study. Well structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from a total of 120 Shea butter marketers in three major Shea butter markets. Costs and returns analysis were used to determine profitability of the marketers while efficiency ratio, profitability ratio and operational efficiencies were used to examine the Shea butter marketing performance in terms of efficiencies measures. The results of the analysis revealed that marketing of Shea butter was highly profitable in the study area; but the marketers that perform the function of both wholesalers and retailers (wholesaler/retailer) had the highest operational efficiency level (85.8%) followed by the retailers (83.5%) while the wholesalers have the least (59.7%). Similarly, for every N100 invested in Shea butter trading in the study area, wholesalers/retailers, retailers and wholesalers realized N 76.7, N 51.4 and N 23.2 respectively while total gross margin per quarter of wholesaler/retailer and wholesaler were N 1,017,000 and N 922,000 respectively. The retailer has the least gross margin of N 890,000 per quarter. This positive and size of profit obtained for each Shea butter marketing institutions is an indication that these institutions were able to recover their operating expenses. Hence, Shea butter market is profitable and efficient.

FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE ORGANIC FILM -FORMING INHIBITOR FOR CONTROL OF CORROSION IN OIL FIELD USING DESIGN EXPERT SOFTWARE.

¹R.U. Azike, ²S. E. Ogbeide and ²E.O. Aluyor

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.

²Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University OF Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

E-mail: ugochukwuazike@yahoo.com, samuelogbeide@uniben.edu and eoaluyor@yahoo.com

Abstract: This involved the formulation of organic film forming inhibitor that is intended to be used in control of corrosion in petroleum oil field environment. Preliminary investigation was carried out as a means of range finding by manually varying the concentrations of the components of the inhibitor. The obtained percentage concentrations ranges were optimized using design expert version 7.0. The experimental design method used was Mixture Design Techniques (D-Optimal method). This was used to determine the optimum concentration of the components in the inhibitor formulation. The combined therapy of formulation D gave performance with efficiency of 99.92% followed by formulation C with efficiency of 99.70%. The other formulations A and B also gave efficiency of 99.685 and 99.69 respectively with the different values of octadecylamine and imidazoline concentration. The best optimum performance is that of formulation D containing 18.41% octadecylamine, 24.15% of imidazoline, 1.27% surfactant, 0.4% demulsifier, 1.4% inorganic synergy 1.24% co-solvent and 52.3 solvent.