THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SLUM SETTLEMENT: A STUDY OF NYANYA 

Erekpitan O. Ola-Adisa, Ebelechukwu O. Enwerekowe & Inalegwu I. Ella

Department of Architecture

University of Jos, Jos.

Email: olaefeadisa@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Abuja, a planned city conceived in 1976 was largely developed in four phases to accommodate 36 urban and 5 suburban districts. However, the corresponding development of satellite towns within the FCT and the neighbouring states of Nasarawa Kaduna, Kogi and Niger has been haphazard in nature. This is largely due to the rapid urban migration from the largely rural heartland of Nigeria. The emergence of slums is the antithesis of sustainable cities. Indeed, slums are the emerging human settlement of the 21^st century and unfortunately, they are here to stay According to UN HABITAT, by 2007, 50% of the human population live in cities, with an estimated 75% by the year 2030. Of this urban populace, one-third of the population are slum dwellers. Slums develop largely due to changing dynamics of the urban economics. Ill-defined and conceived government policies also contribute to the urban blight which results in slum development. This paper used a case study methodology to examine the issues of slum development in the satellite development in Nyanya, Abuja. This research instrument enabled the study shed light on the unique characteristics of slum settlements based on the findings. Two principle data types, spatial and attributes were considered, drawn from primary and secondary sources. The findings highlight the factors that attract slum dwellers to slum settlements, which hinder sustainability development of Abuja as a city. This study also gives pointers to sustainability in city development and is relevant in itemizing factors which are critical in determining strategies that can be used by stakeholders in the design and construction of the built environment of cities.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF GYPSUM MINING IN SOME SELECTED COMMUNITIES OF FIKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF YOBE STATE, NORTHEASTERN NIGERIA 

Jazuli Aminu Ahmed¹ and Moisule Abubakar Moigonga²

¹Federal Ministry of Works Nigeria

²UNICEF, Yobe Nigeria

Email: jaznaff@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This study examined the nature of mining operations, the extent of environmental degradation caused by mining activities and the effect of mining on other human activities. Data was sourced using observation, focus group discussion and direct measurements of the diameter and depth of thirty (30) pits from the three mining locations in Fika Local Government Area. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and showed average pit diameter and depth for Gashuwa is M±SD (1.16 ± 0.05) and (8.8 ± 3.25), Garin Ari has M±SD (1.16 ± 0.05) and (11.40 ± 3.77) while that of Turmi is M±SD (1.16 ± 0.06) and (12.90 ± 3.60). Ubiquitous mine pits and mounds of overburden dumps are the basic indicators of landscape degradation at all the mine sites. Soil erosion and land subsidence observed. Mining activities have also encroached upon other land use activities such as crop cultivation, grazing and forestry. The environmental impact of gypsum mining can be mitigated through increased level of awareness of environmental hazards among inhabitants; provision of tarred road to stop encroachment on agricultural land by heavy trucks and Government should enforce existing regulation on reclamation of mine site.

ALLEVIATION OF HEALTH PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL WASTE MATERIALS IN DUMP SITES OF ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF FCE-ZARIA.

Saeed Gbolahan Adewusi

Department of Chemistry

Federal College of Education, Zaria, Kaduna State.

E-mail: saeedadewusi@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

The study on the impact of chemical waste materials from dump sites of Federal College of Education (F.C.E) Zaria is an investigative study. The study samples abound in the geographical areas of F.C.E Zaria. They include the six dump sites, the characterization of their compositions form the thrust of this work. The data gathered were centrally inferential and were from primary sources. Close survey of the areas were carried out in other to observe and measure the nature and types of waste generated in each dump site. The use of inferential statistical techniques was used in the course of analyzing the data. Dump site B is the largest and poses serious health hazards to the School of Education and School of languages i.e. both staff and students of these schools are more prone to diseases like cholera, malaria, lungs cancer e.t.c. The study finally concluded by recommending among several others, the immediate removal of dump site B and immediate mitigating measures to forestall any emergency of possible health problems.        

PREVALENT RATES OF BUILDING COLLAPSE IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA:

PROFESSIONAL CHALLENGES TO ARCHITECTS.

¹Kolawole A.R.; ²Oladunjoye K.G.K. & ³Adeyemi-Doro O.B.A.

Department of Architecture,

The Polytechnic Ibadan, Main Campus Ibadan.

Email: ¹kolawole­_rasaq@yahoo.co.uk, ²koladunjoye60@yahoo.com, ³adeyemidoro@yahoo.com;

ABSTRACT

Emergency management is the consequence of natural and man-made disaster, to which collapse disaster has started gaining awareness in Nigeria. Building collapse response needs rapid decisions within a short duration, the initial response being an obligation for all; government, individual, Non-governmental agencies, professional organisations and Nigeria communities at large. The paper examines the prevalence of collapse building – disaster, preparedness, response and sustainable reconstruction. It discussed this in the framework of architectural and planning modus operandi. The main objective of this paper is to examine roles of stakeholders particularly the architects as they assist to find lasting solution towards combating the upsurge trend of collapse structures in Southwest Nigeria, while contributing through architectural planning, design and construction development strategies to help mitigate rate of building collapse. Since, building collapse is now becoming prominent form of disaster on its own. The paper takes into consideration design and construction stages of building in course of search for the problem, while it integrate areas of architectural spatial design techniques aimed at mitigating effect of collapses on infrastructures. To achieve the aim of this study, which is to examine roles of stakeholders particularly the architects in collapse building with a view to proffering solution to identified causes. In order to achieve the objectives of the research secondary data were gathered for the study and are obtained from dailies, reports and other similar research documents that records causalities.

ANALYSIS OF SUCCESS FACTORS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPPs) IN NIGERIA 

Inuwa, Yusuf Mohammed

Department of Building Technology

Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi

Email: inuwamohammed76@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The traditional methods used to measure project success in the construction industry are ‘the iron triangle´ of time, cost and quality. These criteria are no longer sufficient as other factors related to project sustainability are being demanded. Sustainable procurement policies require that projects provide social and economic gains to host communities. Construction works procured using public private partnership arrangement (PPPs) are more risk prone than those procured using other forms, primarily due to the lengthy concession period and the multi-parties involved in the arrangement. In Nigeria, researches on the assessment of the performance of projects procured using PPP are few due to the novelty of the approach. Many projects are still at pre-construction and construction stages whilst few are at the operation stage. It is important for the public and private sectors to establish effective risk allocation strategies for public-private partnership (PPP) projects in order to achieve a more efficient process of contract negotiation and reduce the occurrence of dispute during the concession period.Developing countries like Nigeria are in need of infrastructure development and some countries are attempting Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). In Nigeria for example, the Federal government has been trying to find ways of implementing projects funded through PPP arrangements. PPPs are risk sharing investments in the provision of public goods and services, seen by governments as a means to promote investment platforms, which would not have been possible within the available public-sector budget, within reasonable time. However, there is no in-depth analysis of the critical factors that are likely to affect the success of PPP projects in developing countries. The objective of this paper is to address the aforementioned gap and contribute to the knowledge base of success factors for PPP projects in developing countries using Nigeria as a case study. Success factors were identified from literature survey and validated using interviews with the major stakeholders in the construction industry i.e. the contractors representing the private sector, the financial institutions and government departments largely charged with construction of facilities. The various factors were rated using questionnaire surveys. The factors were then ranked using the Coefficient of Variation on the importance of the factors for each of the parties involved. Competitive procurement process, well organized private sector, availability of competent personnel on PPP projects implementation, and good governance are the most important factors identified.

HOUSING CONDITIONS AND HEALTH OF RESIDENTS IN IBADAN NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Popoola, Ayobami ¹, Tawose, Opeoluwa¹, Abatan, Stephen¹, Adeleye, Bamiji², Jiyah, Funke³, Majolagbe, Nihinlola⁴

¹Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

²Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State

³School of Preliminary Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Bida Niger State

⁴School of Nursing, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State

Email: bcoolay2@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Many health issues can be traced to housing condition. Building material, household equipments, size of building and building design are direct or indirect drivers of many human health problems. The study examined relationship between housing condition and the health status of the residents in Ibadan North Local Government area. Questionnaire was administered using household sampling technique. Simple random sampling was employed in carrying out the research to select samples for the study. This involves numbering of the buildings in the localities and ballot system was used to select 308 buildings out of 28,020 buildings in the study area for this research. Findings revealed that the housing condition of many of the houses observed can be said to be in poor state. Over 150 sampled household do not have adequate or adhere to the stipulated housing standard of 3cm air space, while half of the sampled household lacked adequate solid waste disposal method. Hospital records revealed that the illness often complained and diagnosed are plasmodiasis, typhoid, infections, and headache among others. Many of which can be traced to poor housing and environmental condition. The study recommends that inhabitants must ensure adequate space and protection against the following adverse conditions such as cold, damp, heat, rain, wind or other threats to health or structural hazards. Planning authorities must improve monitoring of newly constructed building to ensure they comply with the set space standards. The role of housing unit landscape in providing visual satisfaction, which has a profound effect on the psychological nature of man and also serve as carbon sink resulting from human activity within the environment also needs to be well reinstated.

EVALUATION OF CRITICAL SUCCESS CRITERIA FOR PUBLIC HOUSING PROJECTS IN NIGERIA 

Mohammed I.Y.

Department of Building

Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

Email: inuwamohammed76@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Public Housing supply remains one of the much talk about in Nigeria over the past thirty years. Successive Public Housing Policies attempted have been unsuccessful due to a number of reasons. The lack of success on Public Housing Programmes is also due to the lack of clearly defined success criteria which guides the housing projects from inception to completion. The reason for the adoption and application of project management and project success criteria is to deliver projects successfully, achieve enhanced output, develop framework to help follow key project result and for aiding the appropriate allocation of resources. This research seeks to determine and establish what constitute critical project success criteria for Public Housing Programmes in Nigeria. Questionnaire survey was used to bring about what is perceived as critical success criteria from respondents who have considerable experience and have been involved in Public Housing Programmes. Data analysis involving mean scores and t-test were conducted on the responses on the identified criteria to reveal and discuss its characteristics. The ‘cost of unit house’ and ‘extensive use of local materials’ were acknowledged as the most critical project success criteria and therefore were ranked First and Second whilst ‘risk taking’ was the least critical criteria. These findings could form the foundation of a framework and formulating policies which will enable project managers (PM) involved in Public Housing Programmes to channel appropriate efforts and behaviours towards ensuring successful execution.

THE PATTERN AND DRIVERS OF URBAN EXPANSION IN GREATER LAGOS FROM 1984 TO 2006

O. E. Abiodun, J. B. Olaleye, J. O. Olusina and O. G. Omogunloye

Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics

University of Lagos, Lagos

E-mail:    abiodunoludayo@yahoo.com; oabiodun@unilag.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

Urban expansion has been identified as a major cause of global climatic and environmental changes, which are predicted to accelerate in the 21^st century with unknown and potentially serious implications to life and the environment. Accurate and up-to-date information about urban expansion in terms of changes in urban area is needed for sustainable urban planning. Lagos is one of the fastest growing cities in the world and may experience the most serious implication of this change in the whole of West Africa. Lagos has witnessed great urban sprawl in recent times, annexing nearby villages and spreading fast into the neighbouring states. This growth and physical expansion is virtually undocumented and adequate planning to prevent great consequences of this development is therefore impossible. In this work, LandSat imagery (1984, 2001, and 2006) was processed and overlaid on the Lagos State administrative map in a GIS environment. Changes in linear expansion were recorded from a 1Km X 1Km grid while areal changes were recorded from a grid of 25Km X 20Km imposed on the map. Results of the linear changes in a few selected locations and the results of the areal changes in all the cells are presented. The result shows a fast growth of urban expansion in Lagos from 1984 to 2001 and from 2001 to 2006. The result was discussed and inferences were drawn on the drivers of urban expansion in Lagos.

SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION IN RAINFALL OVER SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

Ozabor .F and Obisesan .A

Department of Geography and Environmental Management

University of Port-Harcourt,Port-Harcourt

E-mail: Famphidoz@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This study is on thespatio-temporal variation in rainfall over south-western Nigeria. The study adopts the ex-post facto research design. Three grand stations (Oshogbo; Ibadan and Ikeja) of the five in the region were selected for this study. Secondary annual rainfall data for two climatic normal were collected from the archive of NIMET. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was adopted for the purpose of data analysis. Findings include that in the first decade (1955-1965), the rainfall amount for ikeja was 1718.25mm, Ibadan is 1375.36mm and Oshogbo is 1636.28mm. The decade 1965-1975, Ikeja recorded rainfall amount of 1745.47mm; but the amount of rainfall generated for Ibadan was more than that of Oshogbo as they both recorded 1381.61mm and 1345.41mm respectively. Furthermore, Lagos seem to have experienced dryer conditions in the decade 1985-1995 as the amount (1280.139mm) of rainfall generated for that decade was lower than that of Oshogbo (1393.42mm). In terms of anomalies, the individual stations in the study showed that while some periods are anomaly wet others are dry. However, in the display of anomalies in the observed rainfall patterns, the last decades in all the stations are anomaly wet, thereby creating a departure from the trends. However, the ANOVA model is significant at P (0.001) < 0.05. This signifies that there is a statistical significant variation in the rainfall amounts generated among weather stations in the region for the two normal of interest.

A REVIEW OF ALL RISKS YIELD AND IMPLIED RENTAL GROWTH RATE EMBEDDED IN THE EQUATED YIELD HYBRID MODEL OF PROPERTY INVESTMENT VALUATION

Ataguba, Joseph Obaje and Tinufa, Anthony Abbey

 Department of Estate Management and Valuation

School of Environmental Studies, The Federal Polytechnic Idah, Nigeria

E-mail: josephtgb81@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The real value/equated yield hybrid model otherwise known as the Crosby’s 3-YPs model is a contemporary value model which deploys nominal rate of interest (equated yield), rent review, and inflation risk free yield to the discounting of cash flows of property investments. Notwithstanding its robust features in the valuation of incomes with growth potentials, this model has been observed to be implicit about all risks yield and implied rental growth rate per annum such that they might only be known to the valuer who prepared the valuation; unless additional information on these parameters are provided with the valuation in question. This article evaluates an alternative perspective of how implied rental growth rate per annum and all risks yield are embedded in the Crosby’s real value/equated yield hybrid model. An analytical framework which culminated into the derivation of all risks yield and implied rental growth rate per annum from the real value/equated yield model was designed. Thereafter, the synergy between the 3-YPs model and the derived formulas were evaluated with recourse to the valuation of fully let- and reversionary freehold interests respectively. Results indicate that the all risks yield and implied rental growth rate per annum are embedded in the 3-YPs model. It also was observed that this phenomenon was facilitate by equated yield and rent review period which are the variables commonly found in the formula for all risks yield, implied rental growth rate and the 3-YPs model. The formula derivation process and results from the individual valuation cases revealed that all risks yield and implied rental growth rate are adequately captured in the real value/equated yield hybrid model such that valuations ensuing from this model would not deviate from those produced by the growth explicit discounted cash flow (DCF) technique.