Table of Contents

Phytochemistry, Acute Toxicity and Invitro Antitrypanosomal Studies on

Aqueous Extract of Gossypium Herbaceum (Linn) Leaf

Biu, A.A., et al                                                                                                                          1 – 12

Comparative studies of Antimicrobial Properties on extracts of Fresh and

Dried Leaves of Carica papaya on Selected Clinical Bacterial and Fungal Isolates

Afuape A.O., Ajayi, J.O., and Adewunmi A.R.                                                                           13 – 23

Anti-Diabetic activity of Aqueous Seed Extract of (Moringa Oleifera) in Normal

and Alloxan -Induced Diabetic Rats

Rafiu, A. A. and Luka, C.D.                                                                                                       24 – 37

Effect of Boiling and Refluxing on the Extraction of Lead in Street Dust

Nwabenu Mary Okiremute                                                                                                      38 – 54

Production and Quality Evaluation of Wheat Cookies Enriched with Edible

African Termites (Macrotermes Nigeriensis)

Ojinnaka, M.C., Ukah, N., and Okorie, S.U.                                                                               55 -73

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Moringa Oleifera Seed on some Biochemical

Parameters in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Luka, C. D. and Rafiu, A. A.                                                                                                      74 – 88

Antibacterial and Identification of Compounds in the Leaves Extracts of

Bridelia Ferruginea

Abubakar, L., John, M., Muhammad, M.U., Muhammad, S and Adamu, S.M.                           89 – 101

Correlation Analysis of some Growth, Yield and Protein Components of

Pigeon Pea [Cajanus Cajan(l.)Millsp.] Treated with Sodium Azide and

Gamma Radiation

Mathew, B. A.,Gadzama, B. I., Akor, J. A., Abuh, S. J.,Haruna, G. G., Nelson, T. O.                    102 – 109

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Properties of Methanolic Leaf extract

of Jathropha Curcas Linn.

A. A. G. Benisheikh, Gregory Mivanyi Wazamari, A. U. Awana, Binta. B. Shehu and

Falmata Kyari                                                                                                                          110 – 121

Chemical Analyses of Cannabis; Review

M.Musa, M A. Adnan, A.U Sulaiman, U Abdulmumin, H. A Kwazo                                         122 – 140

The Anti Diarrheal effect of the Stem Bark Aueous Extract of Jetropha Curcas

Amen Ananias, Bello Samuel I. Adeseyeand Okoye Lazarus                                                  141 – 148

The Determination of the Nutrient and Phytochemical Composition of Fresh

Carrot (Daucus Carota ) Leaves

Okudu, Helen O. and Chimezie, J.C.                                                                                        149 – 157

Isolation and Characterization of Steroids in the Root Back of Balanite egyptiaca

M.U. Muhammad., et al                                                                                                           158 – 174

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STEROIDS IN THE ROOT BACK OF Balanite egyptiaca

M.U. Muhammad., M. Musa., L. Abubakar. and A. Shehu

Department of Chemistry

Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto State, Nigeria

E-mail: mumshag2012@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

A steroids is a types of organic compounds that contains a characteristics arrangement of four cycloalkanes rings that are joined to each other, steroids are use in the field of medicinal chemistry due to their therapeutic values. The root bark of Balanite egyptiaca plant was investigated phytochemically using standard procedure. The dark gummy residues were subjected to column chromatography, TLC, IR, GC-MS and NMR analysis. The results of phytochemical screening indicate the presence of Tannins, Flavonoids, Cardiac glycosides, Saponins and Steroides. The dark gummy residue were also subjected to column chromatography and gave two fractions which each on TLC shows two spots on chromatogram. The IR indicated the presence of different functional groups such as O-H, =C-H, C≡C, C=O and C-H. The GC-MS and NMR analysis indicated the presence of Esterone, Estra-1, 3, 5-(10)-trien-3-ol, Ethinyl Estradiol which are classified as contraceptics and were use in pharmaceutical companies for formulation of drugs.

THE DETERMINATION OF THE NUTRIENT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRESH CARROT (Daucus carota) LEAVES

Okudu, Helen O. and Chimezie, J.C.

Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State

E-mail: helenokudu@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Fresh carrot (Daucus carota) leaves were randomly collected from five stalls in Jimeta main Market, Yola State, Nigeria. The leaves were inspected and sorted. The leaves that were fresh, green and free from insect damage were selected. Samples were taken immediately for moisture analysis, while the rest were dried for three days using solar dryer. Milling was done using attrition milling machine. The proximate and vitamin content of the samples were determined using standard AOAC methods. Mineral elements were determined using wet-acid digestion method for multiple nutrients determination. All tests were carried out in duplicates and the data generated were analysed using standard methods.   The fat, ash, crude fiber, crude protein values of the sample were 1.08, 3.37, 3.62 and 6.72g/100g. The carrot leaves contain ascorbic acid (59.45mg/100g) vitamin B₁ (0.15mg/100g), vitamin B₂ (0.37mg/100g), vitamin B₃ (0.16mg/100g) and vitamin E (8.04mg/100g). All the macro mineral determined were low. The vegetable contained iodine  (14.16mg/100g), iron (1.07mg/100g), and zinc (0.05mg/100g). Carrot leaves contains ascorbic acid (59.45mg/100g) vitamin B1 (0.15mg/100g), vitamin B₂ (0.37mg/100g), vitamin B₃ (0.16mg/100g) and vitamin E (8.04mg/100g). Tannin (9mg/100g), flavonoids (16mg/100g), alkaloids (963mg/100g), saponin (58mg/100g), phenol (17mg/100g) and sterol 2mg/100g). The result shows that fresh carrot leave is a good source of vitamins C, E and iodine. It also has substantial quantity of the   B-vitamins. The chemical profile of fresh carrot leaves showed that it can be an alternative for most common vegetables.

THE ANTI DIARRHEAL EFFECT OF THE STEM BARK AUEOUS EXTRACT OF JETROPHA CURCAS

Amen Ananias¹, Bello Samuel I. Adeseye² and Okoye Lazarus³

¹Al-Baz Academy, Jalingo.

²Department of Pure Science, Taraba State Polytechnic, Jalingo.

³Federal Medical Center, Jalingo.

E-Mail: s.adeseye@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Jatropha curcas is a medicinal plant commonly grown in the tropics has been reported to possess a number of medicinal features. The research conducted is to scientifically determine the anti diarrheal effect of the stem bark of the plant on wister albino rats. Like atropine 3mg/kg body weight at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 150mg/kg body weight produce a significant decrease in severity of the diarrhea. The volume and weight of the intestinal content was significantly decrease when atropine and the extract were administered. (P< 0.05).

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CANNABIS; REVIEW

M.Musa¹, M A. Adnan ², A.U Sulaiman¹, U Abdulmumin¹, H. A Kwazo¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Shehu Shagari Colleege of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria.

²Department of Chemistry, University of Anbar, Iraq.

E-Mail: mustaphamusa63@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Cannabis is an annual dioecious plant, known by the Name cannabis sativa L and belongs to the member of the family Cannabaceae. Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN) and Cannabidiol (CBC) are among the major chemical components of cannabis but the presence of cannabinol (CBN) in the sample can indicate that the sample is not fresh. Since Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is known to oxidize to cannabinol (CBN) over time, it is assumed that the higher the amount of CBN in a sample the older the sample and the rate at which Δ⁹ tetrahydrocannabinol degrade to cannabinol per year is seven per cent. This work comparatively reviewed the quantification methods of cannabis which includes Presumptive test, thin layer chromatography, Supercritical fluid chromatography with atmospheric pressure, chemical ionisation mass spectroscopic detection, High-performance liquid chromatography and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Because of GC-MS accuracy, linearity, quickness, efficiency, reproducibility, precision and resolution in quantification of cannabis, it is chosen to be the best analytical method used in the quantification of cannabis as it was also recommended by United Nation Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Cannabis and Cannabis Products.

CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF SOME GROWTH, YIELD AND PROTEIN COMPONENTS OF PIGEON PEA [CAJANUS CAJAN(L.)MILLSP.] TREATED WITH SODIUM AZIDE AND GAMMA RADIATION

 Mathew, B. A.¹,Gadzama, B. I.², Akor, J. A.³, Abuh, S. J.⁴,Haruna, G. G.⁵, Nelson, T. O.⁶

^1&3Department of Integrated Science, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa, Nigeria

 ⁴Department of Biology, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa, Nigeria

⁵Department of Mathematics, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa, Nigeria

²Department of Integrated Science, Federal College of Edu. (T) Potiskum, Yobe State, Nigeria

⁶Chemistry Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

E-mail: matthewaledare44@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between seed yield and some quantitative traits. This was performed by exposing the seeds of landraces pigeon pea to gamma radiation at Centre for Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, ABUTH, Zaria at doses of 0(control), 50, 100, 150 and 200Gy. These seeds were further treated with sodium azide (NaN₃) concentrations at 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04% SA, giving a total of 25 treatments. The growth parameters were recorded at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 Weeks after Planting (WAP). A positive correlation was observed between seed yield and many other quantitative traits like number of pods per plants, mean number of seeds per pod, and protein content.

ANTIBACTERIAL AND IDENTIFICATION OF COMPOUNDS IN THE LEAVES EXTRACTS OF BRIDELIA FERRUGINEA

¹Abubakar, L., ²John, M., ¹Muhammad, M.U., ¹Muhammad, S and ¹Adamu, S.M.

¹Department of Chemistry, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto.

²Sokoto State Teachers Service Board, Sokoto

E-mail: Lawaligada@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Bridelia ferruginea is extensively used in Nigeria traditional and folk one medicines to cure various human ailments. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant parts revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids. The in vitro antibacterial studies were carried out on both crude extracts and fractions obtained after column chromatography and medically important bacterial strain including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for different concentration of extracts 30mg/ml, 60mg/ml, 90mg/ml, and 120mg/ml. The results of antibacterial assay revealed that both crude extracts and fractions showed good inhibitory activity against all the tested bacteria compared with standard antibiotics. The active fractions gave four spots on the Thin Layer Chromatogram. The UV spectroscopy indicated the presence of open chain diene, ά and β unsaturated aldehyde and also aromatic ring. The IR indicated the presence of different functional groups such as C-N, O-H, N-H and C-H. The GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of Psilocybine and Tolazimide. The detection of other phytochemicals metabolites coupled with antibacterial activities of the plant calls for further work on the plant and its active compound towards development of new drugs for the benefit of humanity.

EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

¹Luka, C.D. and ²Rafiu, A. A

¹ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

² Foods Limited, 42, Yakubu Gowon Way, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

E-mail: carrll42@yahoo.com 

ABSTRACT

The objective of this research work is to investigate some biochemical parameters in the serum of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with Moringa oleifera seeds aqueous extract. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats (150mg/kg) were administered orally with Moringa oleifera seed aqueous extract (200 mg/kg) for twenty eight days after which some biochemical parameters in the serum was measured and compared with the control. The results showed that the level of urea, creatinine, uric acid, PO₄^3-, enzymes markers (ALT, AST, ALP) of the diabetic group were significantly (p<0.05) high when compared with the control and extract treated groups while significant (p<0.05) reduction were observed in the serum level of Ca2+ and Mg2+ of the diabetic untreated group when compared to both extract treated and control group. The administration of aqueous seed extract of Moringa oleifera to the diabetic rats showed significant (P<0.05) reduction in the level of urea, creatinine, uric acid, PO43-, enzymes markers (ALT, AST, ALP) and a significant (P<0.05) increase in the level of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Therefore, It can be concluded that administration of aqueous seed extract of Moringa oleifera to diabetic rats ameliorate the adverse effects of diabetes complications.

PRODUCTION AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF WHEAT COOKIES ENRICHED WITH EDIBLE AFRICAN TERMITES (Macrotermes nigeriensis)

¹Ojinnaka, M.C., ²Ukah, N., and ²Okorie, S.U.

¹Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara Univ. of Agriculture, Umudike

²Department of Food Science & Technology, Imo State University, Owerri

E-mail: mcojinnaka@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

Edible African termite (Macrotermes nigeriensis) was used in paste form for the production of wheat cookies. The wheat cookies enriched with M. nigeriensis were evaluated for proximate composition, anti-nutrients and mineral analysis as well as organoleptic attributes. The wheat-termite cookies showed no significant difference in the moisture and ash content values while significant difference existed in the samples in their protein, fat and carbohydrate compositions. The protein and fat contents were in the range of 9.05 – 15.69% and 9.14 – 12.7% respectively. The result of the nutrient analysis showed that most of the values increased as the level of inclusion of the edible termite increased. However it was not the same for the organoleptic properties of the wheat cookies enriched with edible African termite, Macrotermes nigeriensis. As the level of addition of Macrotermes nigeriensis paste increased, the rate of acceptability of the wheat cookies reduced, making samples AZ (100% wheat flour) and AQ (5% edible African termite; 95% wheat flour) to be the most acceptable by the members of the panel. The result of the antinutrients determined had low values and are within the acceptable level for consumption.

EFFECT OF BOILING AND REFLUXING ON THE EXTRACTION OF LEAD IN STREET DUST

Nwabenu Mary Okiremute

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science

University of Ibadan

E-mail: nwabenumary4@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The lead concentration in street dust along Pako-Bariga road of Lagos was determined, The Wet oxidation method were used. The methods involved studying the effect of using different glasswares on the determination of lead. Also, the effect of using different types of acids and mixture of acids on the determination of lead at different length of time was studied. The result showed that the lead concentration in this area ranged from 312.5µg/g to 387.5g/g; the kjeldahl flask was better than all other methods tried and the effect of using different types of acid and mixtures of acid showed that aqua regia was the best mixture of acids to use for the extraction of lead from street dust. It was observed that the length of time for digestion of samples did not show any significant differences when longer lengths of time were used for digestion.