Effects of Online Shopping on Small Scale Offline Trading in Some Selected Shopping Complexes in Niger State, Nigeria

Category : JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, VOLUME 8, NUMBER 3, 2016

ABDULRAHMAN ALI SHUAIBU & MUHAMMAD FATIMA GARINWAKE

Department of Business Administration

Faculty of Management and Social Sciences

Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, Niger State

Email: aliabdulrahman211@gmail.com & Alfateam87@yahoomail.com   

ABSTRACT

Along with growth and development of technology in the world comes changes in the ways goods and services are produced as well as the expectations of the consumers from the producers or sellers. One of the most notable breakthroughs of technology in the modern era and in the world of business is the electronic commerce, hence online shopping system. Online shopping system is an alternative and highly promising system of trading characterized by absence of face to face interaction between the buyer and seller but through the intermediation of technology gadgets particularly the internet. Therefore, this research work generally seeks to determine the effects of online shopping on small scale offline trading in some selected shopping complexes in Niger state. In addition, it seeks to determine whether these effects are significant and also determine the awareness level of offline traders on online shopping. In light of this, a total of 99 small scale stores in the selected complexes (Obasanjo shopping complex Minna and Etsu-Yahaya shopping complex, Bida) were sampled, out of which only 88 responded to the structured questionnaire administered for the purpose of data collection. The null hypothesis for the study states that online shopping has no significant effect on offline small scale trading while the alternative hypothesis states that online shopping has a significant effect on offline small scale trading. The statistical tool used for this study to test this hypothesis was “Chi Square Goodness of Fit test” computed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The test led to the null hypothesis being rejected. The study found that online shopping affects offline small scale trading in several ways such as price fall, decline in profitability, increased requests for discounts by customers, increased window shopping, reduced store traffic and stimulates offline traders to diversify into online trading platform or a more technology driven operation system. The study therefore, concluded that the identified effects of online shopping on small scale offline trading are partially significant as evidenced from the data analysis. Therefore, it was recommended that offline store should adopt measure which will help reduce their cost of operation in order to allow for lower prices and also develop new store formats such as Virtual showroom, Flexible formats, and Mash ups as strategies for competing favorably with online stores.

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Monetary Policy and Economic Development in Nigeria

Category : JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, VOLUME 8, NUMBER 3, 2016

(2006-2015)

ADEMOLA EMMANUEL AKINYELE & RAJI, OLADEINDE AKEEM

Federal Polytechnic, Department of Accountancy, Ilaro, Ogun State

Federal Polytechnic, Department of Insurance, Ilaro, Ogun State

Email: demoladelord2003@yahoo.com & akeemraji02@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effect of the various monetary policies used by Nigeria government on the growth of Nigeria economy for the past ten years (2006-2015). The economy is a large component with a lot of diverse and sometimes complex part. This study will only focus on major growth compound such as the growth is domestic product, price level, exchange rate and balance of payment equilibrium.  This study makes use of economic approach in estimating the relationship between selected monetary policy and major growth component   gotten from the CBN statistical bulletin 2015. The Primary source of data use with a structured questionnaire was also administered to the staff of the central bank of Nigeria. The ordinary least square (OLS) technique was employed in obtaining the numerical estimate of the coefficient in different equation. The paper concludes among other that  Monetary policy is critical for economic development, when monetary policy is appropriate it helps, but when it is out of time it hurts the economy. The paper recommends that the central bank is to direct the banks and other financial institution to carry out certain duties in respect of the approved monetary policy.

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Technological Entrepreneurship: A Catalyst for Achieving Sustainable Development in School of Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bida

Category : JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, VOLUME 8, NUMBER 3, 2016

IBRAHIM ABUBAKAR MIKUGI, KOLO JOSHUA & ABDULLAHI ABDULKADIR NDAWANCIN

Department of Business Administration and Management

Department of Office Technology and Management

The Federal Polytechnic, Bida

Email: tatafoundation@hotmail.com, josnynkolo@yahoo.com & aawancin@yahoo.com

                                  ABSTRACT

The zeal for diversification and sustainable development is made possible through technological discoveries, innovation and commercialization; this can be achieved through application of Technological Entrepreneurship. This paper examined Technological Entrepreneurship as a catalyst for job creation and Sustainable Development in Nigeria, using School of Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bida as a study area. The researchers adopted a structured questionnaire using Five (5) Point Likert Scale Rating System to collect data from Staff of School of Engineering Technology.  The population of staff in school of engineering technology one hundred and eighty five (185). Eighty (80) questionnaires were distributed using a Random Sampling Technique. The total of seventy (71) questionnaires were returned. The Null hypothesis was stated as there is no significant relationship between technological entrepreneurship and sustainable development.  The analysis of data was done using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) as obtained in Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS). In line with the research finding, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), shows that the P-Value as analyzed is 0.001 which is less than 0.05, this therefore shows that there is significant relationship between Technological Entrepreneurship, and sustainable development. The reliability statistics which is Cronbatch Alpha (ᾳ) was used, this test shows that the items on the instrument are 73% reliable, which complements the significance relationship as revealed by ANOVA. The paper concluded that whenever there is a breakthrough in research and development, it is the place of technological entrepreneurship to commercialize the achievements of technological efforts otherwise; it remains in the laboratory without making any impact. Technological Entrepreneurship is a vital element in Economic Diversification and Sustainable Economic Development. Recommendations were given which include the need for collaboration between school of engineering, research and publication committee and Entrepreneurship Centre in order to adopt, commercialized and sustain new research findings.

Keywords: Economic Diversification, Sustainable Development, Technological Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Job Creation                                                                      

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Effect of Financial Structure on the Performance of Cement Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

Category : JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, VOLUME 8, NUMBER 3, 2016

UTILE BEM JOSEPH, IKYA EMMANUEL & AKWUOBU FEBISADE SEFUNMI

Department of Accounting

Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi

Email: utilebem&@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper reviews related literature on the effect of capital structure on the performance of cement manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The researcher used secondary information gathered from books, journals and internet materials. Findings revealed that managers of firms are under pressure to determine the right proportion of debt and equity that would be used to achieve optimal financial performance. It was concluded that researchers are yet to reach a compromise on the optimal capital structure of a firm that would maximize firm’s performance. It has been recommended that as managers continue to vary the debt to equity proportions more research should be conducted to find out an optimal capital structure that would optimize firm’s performance.

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Table of Contents

Category : JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND VETERINARY SCIENCES, VOLUME 8, NUMBER 3, 2016

Extension Teaching of Melon Farmers How Improved Farm Practices 

Should be used and Adopted under their Own Individual Farm Location

And Resource Availability in Yakurr Local Government Area of Cross

River State, Nigeria

Adinya I. B. and Mahmood, H. U.                                                                                            1 – 31

Improvement of Clay Soil Characteristic using Rice Husk

Ash and Lime

Salihu Andaa Yunusa, Benjamin Adejoh& Usman Ahmad                                                    32-52

Stabilization of Clay Soil using Calcium Carbide Residue (Case Study of

Angwan Pama Kaduna South Local Government Area of Kaduna State)

Ibrahim Shuaibu, Benjamin Adejoh& Kelani A. Dawood                                                       53-85                                                  

Yield and Crop Water Use of Cowpea under Sprinkler Irrigation System

in Akure, Ondo State Nigeria

Brai M.A.                                                                                                                                  86-93

STABILIZATION OF CLAY SOIL USING CALCIUM CARBIDE RESIDUE (CASE STUDY OF ANGWAN PAMA KADUNA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE)

Category : JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND VETERINARY SCIENCES, VOLUME 8, NUMBER 3, 2016

Ibrahim Shuaibu1, Benjamin Adejoh2 & Kelani A. Dawood3

Department of

Email: shuaeboy@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study covers the investigation of the engineering properties of calcium carbide residue stabilized clay soil. It was aimed to determining the suitability of using calcium carbide residue to stabilize a clay soil to ascertain whether it can be economically for use as a construction material for sub base, bases, embankment fills. Samples were collected in angwu- pama Kaduna south local government area and laboratory test were conducted to determine the physical and geological properties of the soil. The strength of the soil had increased considerable by addition of 2%, 4% and 6% of a stabilizer (calcium carbide residue). From the analysis of result obtained in this study, the natural moisture content (NMC) of the soil is very high (i.e 34.27). the consistencies limit and the sieve analysis test result for proper classification of the soil and the effect of calcium carbide residue on the consistency limit parameter, the soil in its natural state has liquid limit of 37.00 and plasticity index of 24.84 and has about 42.9% of its entire material passing through B.S Sieve No. 200s which is accordance with AASHTO soil classification system as an A –6 soil (i.e highly clay soil) which make the soil a poor material for construction. A remarkable value of 2.37 was obtained for it specific gravity value at 0% calcium carbide residue by weight of soil. With the adding 2% – 4% calcium carbide residue, the value was decrease to 2.27 – 2.24 of soil which was the value of one of the most active soil and by adding 6% there was an increase in the value of the soil of specific gravity which was recorded to be 22.8% of clay soil and this confirm with that of lateritic soil described in BS. 1924. The compaction test show that the M.D.D and O.M.C recorded for the control sample was 1.96(g/cm3) and 22.82%. There was a decrease in value recorded with addition of the stabilizer, for consolidation test conducted, there was an increase in cv, mc, and pc value between 2%, 4% calcium carbide residue and was a drop in 6% of calcium carbide residue by rate of soil. It was found that stabilization of clay soil with 2% to 4% calcium carbide residue were the most economical and hence improves the properties of the soil.

Keywords; Soil Stabilization; Calcium Carbide; Construction Material; Soil Classification;

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IMPROVEMENT OF CLAY SOIL CHARACTERISTIC USING RICEHUSK ASH AND LIME

Category : JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND VETERINARY SCIENCES, VOLUME 8, NUMBER 3, 2016

Salihu Andaa Yunusa1, Benjamin Adejoh2 & Usman Ahmad3

Department of Civil Engineering,

Kaduna Polytechnic, Nigeria

Email:salihu.andaayunusa@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The characteristic of clay soil was improved in this research work. This was done in order to check the issue of strength variation, high plasticity, moisture absorption which affects the performance of clay when used for construction purposes. This research was confine to moisture content, specific gravity, C.B.R, compaction, consistency and compressive strength of clay soil. In this research different percentage of rice husk ash and lime were added as stabilizer for improving the characteristics of clay. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of rice husk ash and lime were added respectively. The laboratory test results revealed 6.0%-12% moisture content, 1.0-2.9 specific gravity, 37.83%-60.90% C.B.R, 71.66KN/m2-139.55KN/m2 share stress, 21%-42% liquid limit, 9.7%-27.4% plastic limit, 10.4%-13.3% shrinkage limit, 7.2%-32.2% plasticity index, 1.52g/cm3-1.73g/cm3 maximum dry density, relationships which corresponded with the following percentage of additive 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. For better performance the clay soil of rice husk ash and lime should be used as stabilizer in order to ensure good stability and workability of clay soil.

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EXTENSION TEACHING OF MELON FARMERS HOW IMPROVED FARM PRACTICES SHOULD BE USED AND ADOPTED UNDER THEIR OWN INDIVIDUAL FARM LOCATION AND RESOURCE AVAILABILITY IN YAKURR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA

Category : JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND VETERINARY SCIENCES, VOLUME 8, NUMBER 3, 2016

1Adinya I. B. and 2Mahmood, H. U.

1Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Cross River University of Technology, Obubra Campus

2Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Taraba State University, Jaligo

 E Mail: dradinyaignatius@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The study analyzes extension teaching of melon farmers how improved farm practices should be used and adopted under their own individual farm location and resource availability in Yakurr Local Government Area of Cross River State. Data were collected from 76 respondents in the study area using proportional sampling techniques and the 76 respondents were picked from the list of farmers in extension agents’ list that covers the study area. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The rankling of sources of information regarding new innovations in melon production in the study area saw extension agent (47.36%) as major source of information regarding to new technologies in melon production. The radio (22.36%), television (19.74%). friends / neighbour (9.21%) and internet / website information (1.32%) were ranked second, third, fourth and fifth respectively. The result of the test of hypothesis shows that there is significant different in yield of melon farmers that were trained by skilled extension agents and yield of melon farmers that were not trained. It was recommended that government should train more extension agents and post them to rural areas were melon farms were established this would enable more farmers to adopt innovation that would lead to increased productivities and increased standard of living in rural communities.

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Table of Contents

Category : JOURNAL OF ARTS AND CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY, VOLUME 8, NUMBER 3, 2016

Transnational Insurgency and Terrorism in Africa: Issues and Tasks for

Regional Integration

Odeyemi Oluwole Jacob                                                                                              1-32                                        

Deletion Operations in English

Dajang Innocent Nasuk                                                                                             33-46

Civil Society from Historical, Theoretical Perspectives and the Limits of

Global Civil Society

Maina Mackson Abga & Sule Shaka                                                                                    47-81

CIVIL SOCIETY FROM HISTORICAL, THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES AND THE LIMITS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY

Category : JOURNAL OF ARTS AND CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY, VOLUME 8, NUMBER 3, 2016

Maina Mackson Abga & Sule Shaka

Faculty of General Studies, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State- Nigeria

Department of Political Science, University of Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Email:ammackson@yahoo.com, abgamainamackson@gmail.com & shakadeck@gmail.com

Abstract

In the twenty-first century, the concept of “globalization” is discouraging rather than inspirational. Many thought that it entails dominance rather than a unifying force;  globalization is perceived to affecting the daily lives of millions of people which goes  beyond the bounds of the nation state, and the authority of national governments who are  most often, unaccountable to their citizens; while the authority of nation states seems to decline, new global issues are multiplying: climate change, infectious diseases, violations of human security and human rights, terrorism, nuclear weapons, environmental destruction, economic inequality; these problems cannot be isolated from each other or solved individually; which could by directed action, may be considered as ineffective in the face of such overwhelming  inter-territorial issues, which made any  global action  too complex for fast and ready answers; it became necessary to identify one observable fact  occurring today that offers not solutions per se but a process for engagement with the most pressing problems of our contemporary world: “the emergence of global civil society”; in recent years, consciousness of global civil society has reached a crescendo in  attracting attention and anticipating influences; this is so because, it is becoming critical of the dangers of globalization, and people are grouping together in social movements, NGOs, and demonstrations to confront  these “all involving” challenges facing humanity today. In the light of the above, this essay examines Civil Society from the Historical and Theoretical Perspectives and the Limits of Global civil Society.

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