ASSESSMENT OF THE COST OF ILLNESS AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC FOOT ULCER (DFU) IN GENERAL HOSPITAL MINNA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

Category : JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED BIOSCIENCES, VOLUME 9, NUMBER 4, 2017

Aisha Umar Alfa, & Ahmad Muhammad Tsauni

Department of Economics,

Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

Email: tarsabibi@yahoo.com, ahmadutsauni@gmail.com

                               ABSTRACT

The paper examined the cost of illness among patients with Diabetic foot ulcer in General Hospital Minna and was a cross-sectional study involving 40 participants drawn from medical wards and diabetes clinic of General Hospital Minna. Questionnaire was used to collect data that was used to estimate direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect costs of DFU. The mean age for participants was 51.3± 9.1 years. The mean age for Males was 49.6.3±8.4 years while that of females was 58.9±8.7 years. Exactly 30% of participants had tertiary education while 17.5% had Secondary education and 45% do not have formal education and 7.5% had Quranic education. The average monthly income of participants was 25,187.5 Nigerian Naira however, 57.5% of participants had monthly income of 0 – 20000 Nigerian Naira. The total cost of diabetic foot ulcer is 4,526,300 Naira ($9839.8) per annum for the 40 participants. The total direct cost was estimated to be 4,162,400 Naira ($9,048.7). The total indirect cost was 363900 Naira ($791.1). From the findings it may be concluded that the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer in General Hospital Minna is relatively cheap, however still out of reach of average Nigerian. There is the need for the authorities of General Hospital Minna to strengthen the Nutrition department to meet the dietary requirements of diabetes patients and also the Social welfare department should be well funded to take care of the destitute and paupers who are diabetic but cannot afford the treatment to prevent complications.

Keywords: Cost of Illness; Diabetic Foot Ulcer; Medical Cost, Niger State

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Table of Contents

Category : JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, VOLUME 9, NUMBER 4, 2017

Mechanism of Carbonation in Concrete and its Prediction–A Review

Alhassan, Yunusa Aminu                                                                                 1-37

Characterization of Mayo-Butale and Walol-Kolel Graphite of

Adamawa State

Taru Tizhe Tatas, Bello Zubairu and Aliyu A. Baba                                                      38-46

Image Deblurring using Wiener’s Filter

G.N. Udealor   & B.E. Zakka                                                                             47-69

Theoretical Evaluation of Evaporative Cooling Potential Using

Feasibility Index Model

Ibrahim, U.H. and Ibrahim, A.                                                                         70-82

THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING POTENTIAL USING FEASIBILITY INDEX MODEL

Category : JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, VOLUME 9, NUMBER 4, 2017

Ibrahim, U.H1. and Ibrahim, A2.

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa

2Department of Physics, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Email: Ibrahim U.H. E-mail: heldabuk@yahoo.com

Abstract: Thermal comfort has a great influence on the productivity and satisfaction of indoor building occupants. In some developing countries like Nigeria, poverty and epileptic power supply are the twin problems impeding people from the use of refrigerated-based air conditioning systems to achieve thermal comfort. Furthermore, the use of some refrigerants has adverse effect on the environment. Evaporative cooling systems are viable options for achieving thermal comfort especially in hot and dry climates. These systems, apart from their low cost and power requirement, they are environmentally friendly. This study attempts to determine the viability of using evaporative cooling to achieve thermal comfort in Mubi-South using the feasibility Index model. The computed feasibility indices of the study area in the months of January through December are – 0.08, – 1.62, 4.04, 13.09, 27.06, 17.36, 18.39, 18.42, 18.24, 3.12, – 0.12 and – 0.28 respectively. Employing the concept of the feasibility index (FI) model reveals that comfort cooling can be achieved in the months of January, February, March, October, November and December while relief cooling can be achieved in the month of April. The model also reveals the unsuitability of evaporative cooling in the months of May, June, July, August and September. Considering both the comfort and the relief cooling periods based on the FI model, evaporative cooling can therefore be a suitable alternative to refrigerated-based air conditioning systems in Mubi-South and other areas with similar climatic characteristics.

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IMAGE DEBLURRING USING WIENER’S FILTER

Category : JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, VOLUME 9, NUMBER 4, 2017

G.N. Jola1   & B.E. Zakka2 

Electrical Electronics Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi

Computer Science Department Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Nigeria2

Email: gloriangjola@gmail.com1  Byikawe@yahoo.com2   

Abstract: Image blur is difficult to avoid in many situations and can often ruin a photograph. Thus Image deblurring and restoration is necessary in digital image processing. Blur is a form of bandwidth reduction of an ideal image owing to the imperfect image formation process. This is due to the fact that there is a lot of interference in the environment as well as movement during the image capture process, by the camera or, the when long exposure times are used, by the subject, Out-of-focus optics, use of a wide-angle lens, atmospheric turbulence, or a short exposure time, which reduces the number of photons captured and scattered light distortion in confocal microscopy.  This work seeks to reduce the possibility of taking blurry images by developing a Wiener filter algorithm for image deblurring process using MATLAB

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CHARACTERIZATION OF MAYO-BUTALE AND WALOL-KOLEL GRAPHITE OF ADAMAWA STATE

Category : JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, VOLUME 9, NUMBER 4, 2017

Taru Tizhe Tatas1, Bello Zubairu2 and Aliyu A. Baba3

1&2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State,

3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State,

Email: adamuldam@gmail.com

Abstract: Graphite sample from Mayo-Butale and Walol-Kolel were beneficiated by froth floatation and a yield of 52.1% and 62.65% were obtained for the two samples respectively on a second float. On aching the carbon content was improved from 36.6% and 33.6% for the raw samples to 85.0% and 83.4% for the beneficiated samples. Chemical analysis of the ash using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) showed that SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3 were present in high quantity. Others present in low quantity were K2O, CaO and TiO2. On determining the powdered density of 2280Kg/m3 and 236oKg/m3 were obtained for the two samples which compares favorably to 2260Kg/m3 for pure graphite. Micro structural studies revealed that the two graphite samples had a flake size of 0.5mm.

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MECHANISM OF CARBONATION IN CONCRETE AND ITS PREDICTION – A REVIEW

Category : JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, VOLUME 9, NUMBER 4, 2017

Alhassan, Yunusa Aminu

Department of Civil Engineering,

Federal Polytechnic Idah, Nigeria

Email: enejoking@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper examines the process of carbonation in concrete as while as factors that influence carbonation progression in concrete. Quantification of carbonation process in an inland environment and basis for the derivation of the carbonation progression rate in concrete were also reviewed. The paper then x-rayed extensively existing carbonation prediction models and finally it proposed an approach for the development of carbonation prediction model for reinforced concrete structures located in an inland environment.

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Table of Contents

Category : JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, VOLUME 9, NUMBER 4, 2017

The Potentials of Earth as a Sustainable Building Material

Okpala C.C and Umeora C.O                                                                          1-14

Assessment of Fire Safety Awareness of Occupants and

Developers in Residential Buildings in Makurdi Metropolis

Elijah. A. Hime and Imborivungu, Terkimbi Emmanuel                                  15-31

Climate Change and the Increasing Risk of Flooding in the Built

Environment

Ferdinand F. O. Daminabo, Anthony D. Enwin                                                            32-43

Determination of Quality of Sandcrete Blocks Using Cost Analysis

of Material Input

Olushola Ndefo Okigbo and Abu Amos Gana                                                 44-52

Analysis of Tap Water Supply in Keffi Local Government of Nigeria

Magaji. J.I, Nasir N.M and Adana .M.Y                                                             53-59

Determination of Quality of Sandcrete Blocks Using Cost Analysis

of Material Input

Olushola Ndefo Okigbo and Abu Amos Gana                                                 60-68

DETERMINATION OF QUALITY OF SANDCRETE BLOCKS USING COST ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL INPUT 

Category : JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, VOLUME 9, NUMBER 4, 2017

Olushola Ndefo Okigbo and Abu Amos Gana

Department of Quantity Surveying

Federal Polytechnic Bida,

Niger State Nigeria

Email: olusholaokigbo@gmail.com, amos.abu38@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Sandcrete blocks are the most commonly used blocks in the construction of building in Nigeria. The importance of sandcrete blocks cannot be overemphasised. Despite all the government effort to ensure good quality production of sandcrete blocks in Nigeria, many block industries are still producing blocks that are below standard. Many researches have proved this beyond reasonable doubt. In order to make this proof clearer this paper focussed on using the cost of materials input to determine the quality of the blocks produced by these block industries. In achieving this two commonly used types of blocks and mix proportions were considered. After a careful and detailed analysis it was found out that the total material cost of producing 467blocks of 150mm thick (6”) using 1:6 mix was ₦ 82,698.00 while the selling price in the market was ₦ 46,667.00. Also the cost of producing 304blocks of 225mm thick (9” size) using 1:6 mix was ₦82,698.00 and the selling price was ₦45,652.50. With this analysis the questions is how are the block industries making profit? it was concluded that, if the block industries are really producing their blocks up to the set standards, they cannot break even on the prices these blocks are being sold by the industries. It was also concluded that the blocks are not up to the standard set by standard organisation of Nigeria SON. The researcher recommended that the organisation and law enforcement agency should put more effort in monitoring the block industries so as to ensure good quality in the production of the sandcrete blocks.

Keywords: Blocks, Building, Construction, Quality, Sandcrete, Standards,

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DETERMINATION OF QUALITY OF SANDCRETE BLOCKS USING COST ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL INPUT 

Category : JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, VOLUME 9, NUMBER 4, 2017

Olushola Ndefo Okigbo and Abu Amos Gana

Department of Quantity Surveying

Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State Nigeria

Email: olusholaokigbo@gmail.com,amos.abu38@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Sandcrete blocks are the most commonly used blocks in the construction of building in Nigeria. The importance of sandcrete blocks cannot be overemphasised. Despite all the government effort to ensure good quality production of sandcrete blocks in Nigeria, many block industries are still producing blocks that are below standard. Many researches have proved this beyond reasonable doubt. In order to make this proof clearer this paper focussed on using the cost of materials input to determine the quality of the blocks produced by these block industries. In achieving this two commonly used types of blocks and mix proportions were considered. After a careful and detailed analysis it was found out that the total material cost of producing 467blocks of 150mm thick (6”) using 1:6 mix was ₦ 82,698.00 while the selling price in the market was ₦ 46,667.00. Also the cost of producing 304blocks of 225mm thick (9” size) using 1:6 mix was ₦82,698.00 and the selling price was ₦45,652.50. With this analysis the questions is how are the block industries making profit? it was concluded that, if the block industries are really producing their blocks up to the set standards, they cannot break even on the prices these blocks are being sold by the industries. It was also concluded that the blocks are not up to the standard set by standard organisation of Nigeria SON. The researcher recommended that the organisation and law enforcement agency should put more effort in monitoring the block industries so as to ensure good quality in the production of the sandcrete blocks.

Keywords: Blocks, Building, Construction, Quality, Sandcrete, Standards,

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ANALYSIS OF TAP WATER SUPPLY IN KEFFI LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA

Category : JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, VOLUME 9, NUMBER 4, 2017


Magaji.J.I, Nasir N.M and Adana M.Y

Department of Geography,

Nasarawa State University, Keffi

ABSTRACT

The need for portable drinking water in any settlement is the concern of any government which that settlement locates; hence, it is the task of that government to adopt better technology and policies towards achieving a sustainable and secured water future. Field measurements and direct observation was collected through inspection of the water supply scheme, tap to tap water use survey, inspection of distribution system. Similarly, the primary data were collected using systematic random sampling with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data. From the result of the quantity of water supply is far below demand, water are lost through leakages and breakages due to poor connection or lining, Finally, government should call the attention of experts in construction, and maintenance of projects. The study recommends that water schemes should be funded to increase water production and on the side of the consumers, they should do more with less water, pay their bills and always notify the board whenever there is breakage or leakage of pipe.     

Keywords: Water, Tap, Technology, Survey

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