Table of contents

Analysis of Conventional Solid Waste Management in Urban Centers of Developing Countries

Haruna Abdul Usman                                                                                                                    1-12      

The Impact of Industrial Clusters on Overcoming Poverty and Environmental Degradation in Nigeria

Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu O.S.  Mnia, Maarches   and   Ibe, Pepertua                                        13-26                    

Analysis of Hydrocarbons Released through Hydropyrolysis of Asphaltenes

Obtained from Coal Tar Pitch.

Ivwurie, W. & & Appi, T.S                                                                                                             27-32

Assessment of Income Generation by Scavengers in Abuja Municipal Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria

Ogah, T. A., Adana, M.Y., Magaji, J.I. & Ayuba, H.K.                                                                    33-43

Container Housing: A Sustainable Approach to Low-Income Housing Provisions for the Urban Slums in Ijora-Badia Lagos

Oginni A. O.,Mayor-Olabiyitan O.                                                                                              44-52

A Review of the Role of Architecture in Tourism Industry Development in Nigeria.

Odetoye A.S., Bashiru Adekunle A & Bolaji Josephine Owoseni                                                 53-67

Perceived Health Implications of Solid Waste in Lafia Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

J. A Osuagbalende & S. Danladi                                                                                                 68-83

PERCEIVED HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF SOLID WASTE IN LAFIA METROPOLIS, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA.

J. A Osuagbalende & S. Danladi

Department of Basic sciences, College of Agriculture Lafia. Lafia, Nigeria

Department of Basic sciences and general studies of college of Agriculture Lafia,

Email: adamujonah25@yahoo.com, sanidanladi2016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The study examines environmental problems and adverse impacts on the health of urban households in the Lafia metropolitan area, Nigeria. The results showed that majority (50%)of the respondents in Tudun-kauri disposed solid waste in open dumps and allow it to decompose naturally while (24.8%) others use burning as the way of disposed their solid wastes. Poor handling, evacuation and disposal of waste have numerous negative impacts on the environment such as proliferation of mosquitoes and flies, bad odour, visual pollution. These negatives impacts on the environment in turn have negatives impacts on the health of the residents. Dysentery and diarrhea (81%) appears the most encountered disease followed by Malaria (78%) and cough and sore throat(36%) among others. The major causes for the inefficient solid waste management systems in Lafia are the lack of social awareness/ community involvement and sound legislative policy. There is a need for greater government involvement, community participation and orientation with private sectors involvement in waste management in Lafia with a view to building capacity for effective delivery of waste management services and ultimately improve the sanitary state of the city thereby reducing preventable disease burden on the populace as. It is recommended that Nasarawa State environmental protection agency (NSEPA) should introduce house to house sanitary inspection, monthly environmental sanitation with strict penalty against defaulters. Other recommendations if strictly put to use, it will go a long way reducing the menace posed by solid wastes to human health and his environment.

Keywords:  Health, Solid Waste Management, Environment Impact.

A REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF ARCHITECTURE IN TOURISM INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA.

¹Odetoye A.S., ²Bashiru Adekunle A & ³Bolaji Josephine Owoseni

¹Department of Architecture, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho

² School of Tourism, Hospitality and Events Management.

³Department of History and Heritage Studies,

^2&3 Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State.

 Email: etukndara@yahoo.com           

ABSTRACT

Tourism is defined by World Tourism Organization (WATO), as activities that involve people travelling from their usual places of abode to other locations outside their normal environment. The travel must not be more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes’. While architecture, as defined by Dictionaary.com (n.d), is ‘the profession of designing buildings, open areas, communities, and other artificial constructions and environments, with regards to aesthetics’. Architecture is an essential ingredient of most if not all tourism experiences, framing the holiday experience and being a tourism attraction at the same time. Approaches which shape landscape of projects in tourism: participation, compliancy with the region’s branding, multiple usability of interventions, trans disciplinary planning processes, service design and more. Architecture’s role in Architecture and tourism are very closely related activities. It can be said to depend on each other. Their mutual relationship is obvious since ancient times where the architecture, as a tourist attraction, had a very important role. This relationship is because there is architecture in tourism and at the same time tourism in architecture. Architecture and Tourism examines the reciprocal relationship between the modern practice of tourism and the built environment. It shows how photography, film and souvenirs have been deployed to help mediate and mythologize specific sites. It also explores how tourist itineraries, behavior and literature are institutionalized for popular consumption in order to support larger cultural objectives. That is a place to live, work, recreate, rest, relax and carry out tourism activities, usually designed by the architect. And tourism creates the avenue of escape to attractive destinations making architecture a touristic focus. Monuments have served as tourists’ attractions and have necessitated travels globally for recreational purposes. In recent times, contemporary architecture is seen to contribute immensely to the tourism sector and play a significant role in tourism development across the globe. In Nigeria, in spite of the numerous traditional architecture and monuments in existence, many are left unpreserved. Modern architecture is also not being seen as means of attraction for tourism purposes. Infrastructure, asaverred by Ayeni (2013), are the essential services and facilities needed for a society to function efficiently. Also serves as a potential determinant of the attractiveness of a tourism destination (Seetanah et al., 2011). This paper, therefore, review the role of architecture in tourism industry development in Nigeria.

Keywords:  Architecture, Development, Nigeria, Tourism.

CONTAINER HOUSING: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO LOW-INCOME HOUSING PROVISIONS FOR THE URBAN SLUMS IN IJORA-BADIA LAGOS

  ¹Oginni A. O., Mayor-Olabiyitan O.      

Department of Architecture,

University of Lagos, Nigeria.

Email: ^{1oginniadeyemi@gmail.com}, mayor.olabiyitan@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This Study makes a case for the inclusion of container as an option for low income housing in Ijora Badia of Lagos State. Objectives of the research is to examine the effectiveness of housing policies, feasibility of  container for housing in Ijora, Badia; Users perception of container housing alternatives; proposals for prototypes of container housing modules to be adopted for use in Badia. The study adopted a field survey research design. Situational analysis of the site was carried out as well as an interview with stake holder companies, and representatives of the slum dwellers as well as various options explored various options on alternative material solutions were explored. Secondary data was collected from the Lagos State Government website, the research publications, amongst others. A design proposal was made with a nos. of 11ft sized containers to produce 9 nos. one bedroom apartments (low-rise) one a plot of land. The results revealed that container housing, although not yet well researched in Nigeria as alternative housing option, is quite resourceful if explored for housing provisions; it is modular, flexible and adaptable to whatever space constraints may exist on the site.  Failure by the government to adopt alternative housing materials in this present times will leave housing deficiency in Nigeria an enigma.

Keywords: Container Housing, Container, Urban Poor, Sustainability, Low Income, Slums

ASSESSMENT OF INCOME GENERATION BY SCAVENGERS IN ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL, ABUJA, NIGERIA

Ogah, T. A., Adana, M.Y., Magaji, J.I. & Ayuba, H.K.

Department of Geography,

Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.

Email: tankogah@yahoo.com

                                            ABSTRACT

The study assessment of the income generation by scavengers in Abuja Municipal area council was aimed at assessing the level of livelihood sustained by scavenging in the area. The methodology adopted was such that data were generated from questionnaires, interview, and observation methods. 120 copies of the questionnaires were administered to the respondents. The sample size was taken systematically from the four clusters of dumpsite in Karmo, Kuchingoro, Lugbe Federal Housing and Gosa according to the population encountered at each location at various points. Finally the results revealed that 33 percent of the respondents earned between N 4,000 and N14, 000 monthly, 17 percent earned between N15, 000 and N25, 000 monthly, 8 percent earned between N26, 000 and N36, 000 monthly, 3 percent of them earned N37, 000 and above monthly, while 39 percent of the respondents could not recall how much they earned monthly. Therefore, the study concludes that the reluctance of Abuja Environmental Protection Board and the government of Abuja Municipal Area Council to fashion out concrete ways of integrating and assisting the scavengers to carry out their roles effectively and efficiently are antithetical to sound waste management in AMAC. This is because, for scavengers to effectively participate in waste management and earn better income in AMAC, the government must give them encouragement. It is finally recommendation the government should subsidise the costs of Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) and educate the scavengers on why they should protect themselves to avoid health and environmental hazards arising from dumpsites environment; and this will go a long way in helping scavengers save more money.

Keywords: Subsidize, Personal Protective Equipments, Earned, Money.

ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBONS RELEASED THROUGH HYDROPYROLYSIS OF ASPHALTENES OBTAINED FROM COAL TAR PITCH.

Ivwurie, W. & & Appi, T.S

Department of Chemistry,

Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria

E-mail: wivwurie@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

Soil samples collected in South Wales was extracted and asphaltenes were precipitated from the extract. The asphaltenes were then subjected to hydropyrolysis to determine the percentage yield of hydrocarbon from asphaltene matrix. Open column chromatography was performed on asphaltenehydropyrolysate gave a percentage recovery of 92 %, suggesting that this process is a veritable tool for the release of bound hydrocarbons in asphaltene matrix. The mass balance for hydrocarbon distribution is consistent with literature

Keywords: Soil, Asphaltenes, Hydrocarbons, Hydropyrolysis

THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS ON OVERCOMING POVERTY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN NIGERIA

Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu O.S.  Mnia, Maarches   and   Ibe, Pepertua

Department of Architecture,

Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Imo State

Email: uosmarcelokafor@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Industrial clusters constitute an array of linked industries and other entities important to competition. Industrial clusters serve as an employment index reflecting the relative size and economic strengths of local industries. Characteristic to these clusters is the   uniqueness of their function, where the companies possess similar or complementary interests and the entire value chain exists within the cluster thus providing a holistic approach to employment and service delivery.  Poverty and environmental degradation continue to attract regular inter-disciplinary debate mainly due to the fact that they, on one hand, affect all aspects of human existence and on the other hand represent an inextricable connection between population explosion and uncontrolled urbanisation which remains a growing trend in Nigeria, making the poverty-environmental degradation nexus a challenge which every generation attempts to find solutions for their abatement. This paper examines the role of industrial clusters in the Nigerian built environment, highlighting the efforts of various governments in the take off of these cluster industries and the extent to which these cluster arrangements have abated poverty and environmental degradation.

Keywords: Industrial clusters, Poverty, Environmental Degradation, Built Environment, Urbanisation.

ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN URBAN CENTERS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Haruna Abdu Usman

Department of Architecture

Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi.

Email: arkiplan.usman8@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Solid waste management continued to be the biggest threat to the sustainability of urban centers of developing countries. Most streets corners of these urban centers are characterized by heaps of uncollected wastes at drains, public spaces and road sides destroying the aesthetic qualities and environmental ecosystems of these cities, causing health risk to the populace. Thus, posing serious challenge to the municipalities who are in most cases responsible for the solid waste management in these cities. The typical or commonest method adapted by these agencies in dealing with the solid waste management   is the conventional   approach;   focusing   mainly   on   waste collection and disposal (transfer of waste from one destination to another). The resultant  consequences  being   huge   budget   spending   on   solid   waste management  but  little  collection, compelling  residents  to  resort to  various alternative disposals options that are harmful to the environment. This paper attempt to analyze the current waste management strategies in Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria. Observations, focus group discussion, oral interviews, content analysis and questionnaires formed the methodology of the research.

Keywords: conventional Waste Management, Solid Waste, Bauchi Metropolis.