Table of Contents

Profitability of Sweet Potato Production among Farmers in

Shelleng Local Government area of Adamawa state, Nigeria

Shelleng, B.A.                                                                                                   1-23

Impact of Termite Control on Soil Organic Matter Content in

South–South Ecology Zone, Nigeria

Ogboi, E. and Ehigie. O.H                                                                                24-34

Kinetic compensation Effect on Cassava Linamarin Degradation at

Varying Ph, Optimum Temperature and Purified β-glucosidase

Genetically Engineered from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Ikya, J.K., Ariahu, C. C and J.O.I. Ayatse                                                           35-49

Nutritional Potentials of Toasted Afzeliaafricana Seed Meal in

Non-Ruminants

Oko, Emmanuel Chukwuma, Obinna, Vincent Oko, Ikpe, Juliana Nnenna      50-70

NUTRITIONAL POTENTIALS OF TOASTED Afzeliaafricana SEED MEAL IN NON-RUMINANTS

Oko, Emmanuel Chukwuma¹, Obinna, Vincent Oko², Ikpe, Juliana Nnenna¹

¹Department of Agricultural Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana Ebonyi State South East Nigeria

²Department of Food Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana Ebonyi State South East Nigeria

Email: oe.chukwuma@gmail.com, vinoko43@gmail.com, juliananikpe@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Nutritional potentials of toasted Afzeliaafricana seed meal as feed ingredient on performance of broiler finishers was evaluated. The proximate Analysis and amino acid profiles of the toasted Afzeliaafricana were carried out and the seed meal was used to formulate four experimental diets at levels of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% for treatments 1,2,3 and 4 respectively on a 35 day feeding trials. One hundred and twenty brooded four weeks old broiler chicks were assigned to each treatment diets at 30 broiler chicks per treatment and were replicated three times to 10 broilers per replicate in a completely randomized design. The proximate results indicated a moisture level of 6.2%, the crude protein content was 28.7%, crude fibre 5.3%, Ether Extractive 12.5%, Ash 2.9% and Nitrogen free extractive 50.6% on dry matter basis. The phytochemical components were Tannin 8.01%, saponins 5.4%, alkaloids 1.3%, flavonoids 11.8%, cardiac glycosides 2.4%, oxalate 8100mg/ 100g, phytate 0.157 % and no level of phenol recorded on dry matter basis indicating toxic levels of these components. The amino acid profiles revealed the presence of all the amino acids. The performance of the broilers showed a drop in the average final weight of the broilers by 2448.6g, 2073.33g, 1930g and 1477g for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The feed intakes were reduced to 181.3 g, 200 g, 154.67 g and 116.67 g per bird per day for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Average daily weight gain were 44.10, 33.41, 29.43 and 16.31 grams per day for broilers in treatments 1,2,3 and 4, respectively and the feed conversion rate decreased as the levels of the toasted Afzeliaafricana seed meal increased in the experimental diets. It was therefore concluded that Afzeliaafricana resulted to extensive deleterious effect on the broilers and suggests that it should not be used broilers’ diet unless further studies on the detoxification of the toxic phytochemical components were effected.

Keywords: Afzeliaafricana, proximate, phytochemicals, haemorrhage, broiler finisher, detoxification

KINETIC COMPENSATION EFFECT ON CASSAVA LINAMARIN DEGRADATION AT VARYING PH, OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE AND PURIFIED Β-GLUCOSIDASE GENETICALLY ENGINEERED FROM SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE.

Ikya, J.K., ¹Ariahu, C. C¹ and J.O.I. Ayatse²

¹Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi.

²Department of Biochemistry University of Agriculture, Makurdi.

E-mail: aveyina2012@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Heat degradation kinetics of linamarin were evaluated to obtain reaction rate constants Kmin^-1 at varying pH3.5, 6.8 and 10.5. Reaction rate  Data obtained were analyzed using the Arrhenius and absolute reaction rate models to obtain activation energies (E_a), enthalpy (AH ) and entropy (AS^#).. The thermodynamic parameters were subjected to kinetic compensation analysis to obtain iso-kinetic temperatures (T_c), rate constants (k_c) and free energies (AG^W) related to the degradations of linamarin. at varying  pH. The results showed that the Isokinetic Temperature (Tc) and Constant (Kc) for Degradation of  at pH 3.5, Tc = 320k equivalent to 47⁰C. The isokinetic constant was 1.25 x 10^-3­/min. and   the least square regression analysis which was applied produced a correlation coefficient r² value > 0.98. The same pattern was observed for degradation of Cassava linamarin at pH 6.8 and pH 10.5. Data obtained as isokinetic temperature (Tc) is very important and can be employed in control fermentation of foods containing Cassava linamarin. At this temperature, the fermentation processes are independent of environmental conditions. These are derived from K_o vs E_a and DS vs DH relationships respectively and are independent of the environmental variables and presumably applied for predictive purposes. T_c range from 47.0-47.8 this value is usually compared with mean harmonic temperature which T_H which was computed in this study as 134⁰C. From the results T_H was far greater than T_c. This observation validated true kinetic compensation effect where increase in K_o values Proportionally increased the E_a values and vice versa. Enthalpy of activation was plotted against the entropy of activation of heat degradation of Cassava linamarin produced 93.8KJ/mol of free energy of activation (DG). The enthalpy of activation varies from 274-302KJ/mol, the plot of this value against enthropy change produce the calculated DG value. Both entropy and enthalpy exhibited marked compensation effect in which increases in DH was accompanied by DG. The computed r² = 0.98 value calculated by least square regression analysis indicated the fitness of kinetic compensation models in the prediction of environmental conditions.. It was concluded in this study that true kinetic compensation occurred in the degradation of cassava linamarin at varying pH. This study on kinetic compensation can be used for predictive purposes in controlled fermentation of foods in our localities.

Keywords: Kinetic compensation, mean harmonic temperature, Isokinetic Temperature (Tc) Controlled fermentation, pH                   

IMPACT OF TERMITE CONTROL ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT IN SOUTH–SOUTH ECOLOGY ZONE, NIGERIA

Ogboi, E. and Ehigie. O.H

Agricultural Technology Department

Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro.

Email: ogboied@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of termite control on soil organic matter content as well as on the fertility and productivity of soil using maize as a crop test. The research was carried out at Delta State Polytechnic. Ozoro to ascertain if termite control has impact on  soil organic matter contents. The termite was controlled using different organic pesticide. The result obtained indicated that controlling termites significantly enhances soil organic matter content. It was also noted that Nitrogen, exchangeable potassium, percentage base saturation, effective cation, exchange capacity, soil pH and exchangeable acidity of the soil were equally enhanced statistically by the treatment. Maize dry grain yield was statistically improved by the treatment. Therefore, termite control helps to reduce loss of organic matter and nutrient in soils of humid tropics and improve soil productivity.

Keywords: Organic Matter, Productive, Termite, Maize.

PROFITABILITY OF SWEET POTATO PRODUCTION AMONG FARMERS IN SHELLENG LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Shelleng, B.A.

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension,

Adamawa State University, Mubi

Email: Balaabubakar76@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT 

The study assessed the profitability of sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas lam) production in Shelleng Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Purposive and simple random sampling procedure were employed to select 65 sweet potato farmers. The results reveal that majority (77%) of the respondents were in their youthful age, capable of engaging in farming activities. Both males and females do cultivate sweet potato in the area. The results also showed 20%, 22%, 23% and 35% had tertiary, Qur’anic, primary and secondary education respectively. Eighty nine percent of the respondents have no contact with extension workers. The study reveals that 57 % of the of the respondents source of capital as personal savings. Relations, 38% and loans from Banks with 5%. Majority (56%) of the farmers started the enterprise with initial capital of less that N45,000. The survey further reveals small farm holders (0 2 – 0.5 ha) cultivates more land (11.4 ha) than their large farm holders (1.1 and above ha) who cultivates only 4.8 hectares. But in terms of profitability large farm holders get more net profit of N578, 447.00 compared to small holder’s N447, 539.00 per hectare. Poor storage facilities, problem of middle men and high cost of labour were identified as the major constraints to productions as such government through their agencies concern to help the farmers in improving storage facilities, curtail the activities of middlemen in marketing their products. 

Keywords: Profitability, Sweet potato, Cultivation, Farmers, Shelleng