QUALITY OF SOLID MINERALS IN ROCKS OF MICHIKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

1Alexander P 2Maina H.M, 2Barminas J.T and 1Zira S. P.

1Department of Chemistry, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria

2Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The quality of solid materials in rocks of Michika local government area of Adamawa state, was studied and the results of the chemical analysis shows that all the areas sampled are silicate rocks, because of their high silica contents ranging from 59.359+0.02% to 93.761+0.002%. Based on the silica content classification scheme all the sampled areas are felsic rocks except Futuless B that is intermediate rock with 59.359+0.02%, the results of the analysis indicates the presence of quartz, mica and feldspar. Most of the sampled areas contained appreciable value of Al2O3, Fe2O3, Na2O and K2O from the comparative analysis between rocks of these areas and similar rocks elsewhere shows that they compares favourably with respect to their chemical composition. Base on this analysis, the principal rocks commonly found in the sampled areas are granite and rhyohite.

Keywords: Solid minerals, Quality, Michika L.G.A


ISOLATION OF MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH DEGRADATION OF PLASTIC AND POLYTHENE IN SOIL

Yabaya A* and Idris  A.

Department of Microbiology

Kaduna State University, Kaduna

amosyabaya2002@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Biodegradation of polythene bags (PB) and plastic cups (PC) in soil were studied for five weeks using the weight loss method. The results revealed that weight loss begins after the third week, the rate of biodegradation was observed to be minimal and ranged between 2.1 – 2.4% for PB and 0.17 – 1.2% for PC. Heterotrophic bacterial count ranged between 2.3X104 – 6.8 X 104 cfu/g for PB and 2.3X104 – 5.4 X 104 cfu/g for PC, while fungal count revealed 2.2 x 104 – 8.9 x 103 cfu/g for PB and 2.3 X 103 – 8.3 X 103 cfu/g for PC. The following microorganisms were found to be associated with biodegradation of PB and PC in soil: Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus species, Pseudomonas species, Micrococcus species and Aspergillus species. Micrococcus species recorded the highest incidence for both PB and PC amongst the bacterial isolates whereas the fungus, Aspergillus niger occurred frequently for both PC and PB. The results revealed the role of microorganisms in the biodegradation of both PB and PC although at a slow rate.

Key words: Biodegradation, Plastic cup, Polythene bags, Soil


EFFECTS OF PIG PRODUCTION ON AMBIENT AIR QUALITY OF EGBEADA IN MBAITOLI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Ubuoh, Emmanuel. Attah* and Akhionbare, Stella M. O.**

*Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka

** Dept. of Environmental Management, Federal University of Technology, Owerri

E-mail: attahubuoh@gmail.com.

ABSTRACT                                                                                       

The study of air quality was carried out in Egbeada, Mbaitoli, Owerri, Imo state during January, 2011, to ascertain impacts of piggery production on human environment. Air quality samples were taken at distant that ranged from 50m, 100m, 150m, and 200m using appropriate procedures. Air quality indices considered include odour, NO2, SO2,NH3, CO, H2S, CH4, and PM. The results indicated that, concentrations of air quality indices decreased with an increased distant from piggery that was influenced by wind speed of  0.2 m/s. Apart from methane, all other indices were above the WHO/FMENV, Standards for ambient air quality. These were found to have very serious epidemiological implications on human health and his environment. This then lead to recommendations: implementation of air quality standard to observe compliance, relocations of piggery and using of helmet by workers for sustainable piggery production.

Keywords: Ambient, Air Quality, Pig, Pollutant


SUITABILITY OF THE USE OF RICE HUSK IN CONCRETE

S.  Yusuf and B. Adejo

Department of Civil Engineering

Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna

email: ibnyusuf2005@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In order to verify the compressive strength of concrete cube when rice-husk ash is used as partial replacement of cement, a laboratory analysis was carried out in this paper. The rice-husk percentages used are: 10%, 20% and 25% and a mix ratio G 20 i.e. 1:2:4 was used. The results obtained shows that up to 20% of rice- husk can be used to replace cement in the mixture, because nearly 20N/ mm2 is achieved, which is within the compressive strength limit expected  from concrete mix ratio of 1:2:4. However, the percentage ratio of the rice-husk should not be increased to above 20% say 25%. This is because the results obtained when 25% rice-husk was used after curing for 7,14,21,28 days, are 12.70, 10.80, 9.10 and 7.8 N/ mm2 respectively. All these are far less than the 20 N/ mm2 the minimum compressive strength expected.       


Table of Contents

Analysis of Produced Water from Four Communities in Delta State

(Niger Delta), Nigeria

Umudi, E. Q.……………………………………………………………………………………………….         1-6

Modelling of the Monochromatic Photon-To-Current Efficiency of Solar

Cells Using Matlab

Efurumibe Ezinna Lucky and Asiegbu, Daniel Anyalewechi……………………………….  7-10

The Significance of Biogas Plants in Nigeria’s Energy Strategy

Opeh Raymond and Okezie U…………………………………………………………………………      11-17

The Role and Impact of Information System and Society in Information

and Communication Technology

Lanloye, D.O and Oloruntoyin S. T.……………………………………………………………….      18-28

Recycle of Polyethylene Tetraphthalate Waste

P. Oghome………………………………………………………………………………………………….      29-34

Experimental Study of Electronic Key Movement Book for Organizations

Japheth B. R. and Patrick K …………………………………………………………………………..      35-50

Synthesis and Spectropic Characterization of Schiff Base Complexes of Cinnamaldehyde Hydrazones

O .W. Salawu and A.O Abdulsalam………………………………………………………………..       51-61

Trace Metals Analysis of Soil and Water Samples from a Limestone-

Mining Site in Sokoto state Nigeria

Itumoh, Emeka J.; Izuagie, Thompson.; Omaka, Ndukaku O.; Uba, Ahmad; Shuaibu, Malami;

Dogonyaro, Ismaila. A.; Isah, Abdullahi.; Dange, Attahiru. U. and Isah, Saidu I.…………………       62-71

Analytical Study of Local Potash around Yola Metropolis of Adamawa

State

M. H. Shagal……………………………………………………………………………………………           72-76


ANALYTICAL STUDY OF LOCAL POTASH AROUNND YOLA METROPOLIS OF ADAMAWA STATE

M. H. Shagal

Department of Chemistry

Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

Email: hassanm962@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Potash was separately prepared using Guinea corn husk, Baobab pod, Water hyacinth and Banana husk locally. There chemical compositions were studied. Analysis of calcium and magnesium ion content in the samples was done using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Determination of potassium and sodium ions was carried out using flame photometer. Carbonate and hydrogen carbonate ions levels were obtained by back titration. The determination of chloride ion was done by Mohr titration, while hydroxide ion determination was carried out using total alkaline method. Lastly percentage insoluble residue was determined by ashing method. The results generally indicated that local potash prepared from different sources differ in chemical composition.

Key words: Potash, composition, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, magnesium.


TRACE METALS ANALYSIS OF SOIL AND WATER SAMPLES FROM A LIMESTONE-MINING SITE IN SOKOTO STATE NIGERIA.


aItumoh, Emeka J.*; bIzuagie, Thompson.; aOmaka, Ndukaku O.; cUba, Ahmad.; bShuaibu, Malami.; bDogonyaro, Ismaila. A.; bIsah, Abdullahi.; bDange, Attahiru. U. and bIsah, Saidu I.

aDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki
bDepartment of Natural Sciences, Sokoto State Polytechnic, Sokoto
cDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto

*E-mail: ray.chukwuemekajude@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Atomic absorption spectrophotometeric determination of metal contents of soil and water samples of a limestone-mining site is presented in this report. The work is based on the concern that the concentration of metals in soils, ground and surface water increases as a result of mining and other industrial activities. Soil and water samples collected from the site in Kalambaina were analyzed for metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cu) by AAS model 210 VGP after pre-sample treatments. The results yielded 1.57 ± 0.4 mgL-1 and 0.29 ± 0.02 mgL-1 Zn for soil and water samples respectively. Pb (0.03 ± 0.007) mgL-1, Mn (0.16 ± 0.02) mgL-1 were detected in the soil sample only, while Ni, Cu and Fe were not detected in both the soil and water samples. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivities, turbidity, total alkalinity and hardness of the soil and water samples were analyzed to help in the study of the work. The result suggests that the metal concentrations of the site might have resulted from atmospheric depositions, traffic activities, bedrock geochemistry and mining activities. The metal concentrations of the studied site were all below the maximum permissible limits and thus posses no contamination threat to water flowing from it.

Keywords: Limestones, mining, trace metals, Kalambaina, Sokoto


SYNTHESIS , AND SPECTROPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES OF CINNAMALDEHYDE HYDRAZONES

* O .W. Salawu  and  A.O  Abdulsalam

Department Of Chemistry

 Kogi State University, Anyigba , Anyigba, Nigeria

e-mail: olalekansalawu5@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The synthesis and structural features of some Bidentate Schiff  base complexes are reported. The ligand was derived by the condensation of Cinnamaldehyde hydrazone with different benzaldehyde . The co-ordination of the metal salts based on this  ligand with transition metal ions viz, Cu+2, Ni+2, Mn+2, Co+2 and  Fe+2 were prepared and studied for their metal : ligand ratio (M/L),it has been found that ligand forms complexes in 1:2 ratio. The metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic momentum measurements, melting point ,  IR,  spectral data and uv-visible spectral data . An octahedral geometry was proposed for all metal complexes. The conductivity data show that all these complexes are non electrolytes. The ligands and their metal complexes were screened for Gram positive bacteria Bacillus Substlis and Gram negative bacteria E.Coli .

Keywords: Hydrazones, Cinnamaldehyde ,  Antibacterial activity, Antifungal activity, Transition metal complexes and IR studies .


EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTRONIC KEY MOVEMENT BOOK FOR ORGANIZATIONS

Japheth B. R. and Patrick K.

Department of Mathematics/Computer Science

Niger Delta University, Yenagoa, Nigeria

jbunakiye@yahoo.com; ktarila@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Usually collection of keys are manually driven, hence it’s time consuming. Staffs of organizations have to sign in and sign out for keys in order to accomplish the daily jobs. In the process much time is spent collecting keys for the specific offices. This is because they are expected to write their names, departments, date, time against these respected columns; before they will now sign across the key columns, in a Key Movement Book (KMB) that keeps records keys collection. The present system is a manual driven process, where signing in and out of key is done manually. Hence, the signing of keys is slow and in efficient in terms of checking for keys availability and retrieval. In addition, the naming convention of the keys are don randomly and not in a structured manner.  The collection of keys is insecure.  This means the security risk of a staff coming from one department to sign key for another department is high. This risk coupled with the associated job hazards of the security staff necessitated the analysis of this new with a view to minimizing or out rightly stopping them. The requirements and structure of the new system is analyzed and designed.   The requirement entails component parts of the systems. While the structure describes the system design, in respect to Entity Relational Diagram(ERD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Class Diagram(CD).  These diagrammatic tools are used to show the, inputs, objects, processes and outputs of systems in a diagrammatic manner.

Key Words: Entity Relational Diagram (ERD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Key Movement Book (KMB), Class Diagram (CD), Key Movement Report (KMR), Key Report Book (KRB)


RECYCLE OF POLYETHYLENE TETRAPHTHALATE WASTE

P. Oghome

Department of Chemical Engineering
Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State

Email:ify_pros@yahoo.com.

ABSTRACT

The recycling of polyethylene tetraphthalate (PET) was carried out to determine its feasibility and economic viability.  The recyclate was characterized to determine its intrinsic viscosity (I. V.), melting point and viscosity average molecular weight in order to ascertain the extent of polymer degradation due to weathering and heat homogenization.  It was found that weathering induced degradation resulted in an I.V drop of 0.035dl/g while homogenization was responsible for a further I. V. drop of 0.05dl/g and a consequent viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) drop of 3000g/gmol.  A final I. V drop of 0.68dl/g was observed which was converted to an Mv of 29407g/gmol.  This result was close enough to that of virgin resins and can be reused, when mixed with virgin resins for blow molding.  It can also be used for the production of film and fiber.The objective of this work is to reduce the amount of non-biodegradable substance in our environment, to determine the effect of degradation on post consumer PET and providing an alternative source of raw material at reduced cost for PET consuming industries.

Keywords:  Recycling, Homogenization, Weathering, Intrinsic Viscosity, Non-biodegradable, Reclamation.


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