LACTOBACILLUS CASEI ISOLATES FROM KUNUN ZAKI: THE PROBIOTIC POTENTIAL AGAINST INDUCED SHIGELLOSIS IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

Category : JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED BIOSCIENCES, VOLUME 4, NUMBER 2, 2012

Richard J. Kutshik1, Ishaya Y. Longdet1, O.J. Egbere and Victor A. Atuluku2

1Department of Biochemistry and 2Department of Microbiology

University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

E-mail: islongdet@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Two different volumes of Lactobacillus casei isolates (0.4ml of 2.0 x 1010 CFU/ml and 0.4ml of 4.0 x 1010 CFU/ml) from a local beverage (kunun zaki) cultured on MRS agar were orally administered to different groups of shigella–free experimental rats. Both groups were subsequently dosed with 0.4ml 1.0×105CFU/ml of Shigella dysenteriae and studied along with set control groups. The results from the rectal temperature, feed consumed, weight gained and biochemical tests revealed that L. casei isolates from kunun zaki exhibited impressive potential against bacillary dysentery. The probiotic efficacy of the L. casei isolates tends to be dose dependent.

Keywords:  Lactobacillus casei, Shigella dysenteriae, kunun zaki, probiotics, shigellosis

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PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOATHRITIS OF THE KNEE USING WHO-ICF MODEL- A CASE REPORT

Category : JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED BIOSCIENCES, VOLUME 4, NUMBER 2, 2012

Akinremi, A. A.; Ogwu S. O. and Otolorin, O. A.

Department of Physiotherapy

Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso

E-mail: ogooluwa2@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The World Health Organization (WHO’s) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has been proposed as a framework for developing diagnostic classifications for rehabilitation professionals. The model is gaining recognition in rehabilitation practice worldwide because it provides a useful tool in clinical decision making. It directs practitioners to address patient’s problem at the level of the whole person, with modifications made on basis of health conditions and personal and environmental factors. The ICF framework provides a conceptual basis and a universal common language for understanding and describing patient’s health status, reaching beyond mortality, disease, and medical diagnoses. It promotes a comprehensive multidisciplinary and patient-centered perspective in health care; and has been accepted and applied in the various aspect of rehabilitation to facilitate multidisciplinary team communication, to structure the rehabilitation process, for goal setting and assessment, for documentation and for reporting, but it is not widely used in most rehabilitation settings in Nigeria. The purpose of this case report is to describe an evaluative and diagnostic process that is based on the ICF framework for a patient with bilateral osteoarthritis of the knee.

Keyword: Osteoathritis, Physiotherapy, WHO-ICF

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RESISTANCE PATTERN OF UROPATHOGENIC E. COLI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM A NIGERIAN HOSPITAL

Category : JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED BIOSCIENCES, VOLUME 4, NUMBER 2, 2012

1Funmilola A. Ayeni and 2Gladys O. Henshaw

Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

2Faculty of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria

E mail-funmiyeni@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global problem which results in difficulty in treatment. Surveillance study should always be carried out in different geographical location to determine current effective antibiotics against bacterial infections. Escherichia coli strains were isolated from High Vaginal Swab (HVS), Endocervical Swab (ECS), and urine samples of patients visiting Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital between April and May, 2010. Identification of E. coli strains were based on growth on selective agar media and Gram’s reaction. Susceptibility testing of these E. coli strains was done against an array of antimicrobials using the disk agar diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination by macrodilution method. Sixteen E. coli strains were isolated and identified. The percentage of resistant to Nitrofurantoin, Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin, Amoxiclav, Chloramphenicol, Nalidixic acid, Sulphamethazole, Gentamycin were 18.75%, 18.75%, 37.5%, 18.75%, 62.5%, 12.5%, 37.5%, and 31.25% respectively. The strains were highly resistant to Chloramphenicol while susceptible to Nalidix acid. The result of disc diffusion method also agrees with MIC method. The resistance observed in this study to some antibiotics could be because of inappropriate and incorrect administration of these antimicrobial. To avoid this, there should be strict control in the use of these antibiotics.

Keywords:-Resistance, antibiotics, uropathogens, urinary tract infections

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ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF CELOSIA ISERTII

Category : JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED BIOSCIENCES, VOLUME 4, NUMBER 2, 2012

1 Emudainohwo J.O.T., 2Ewharieme, A. D.; 1Ejebe, D.E., 2Ewhre, L., 1Agam, J.I.

1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Delta State University, Abraka

2Department of Microbiology, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria

Email:  j.o.t.emudainohwo@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Studies on the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of medicinal and traditional plants/herbs has become a major focus of recent biochemical researches; in order to propose better models for manufacturing of modern drugs and design of microbes inhibition. This present study investigated the antimicrobial property of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Celosia isertii against micro-organisms: E.coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, S. typhi and K. pneumonia, using antibiotics; Ampiclox and Erythromycin as control. The disc diffusion techniques was used to test the sensitivity of the micro-organism to the extracts of C.isertiiand the results obtained show mean zones of inhibition between (7 + 0.2mm) to (10 + 0.3mm) for coldwater (aqueous) and (10 + 0.5mm) to (13 + 0.8mm) for ethanol extract. Micro-organisms showed sensitivity in the order: E.coli;(10 + 0.3mm) and (12 + 0.8mm), S.aureus; (8 + 0.2mm) and (11 + 0.6mm) and P.aeruginosa; (10 + 0.4mm) and (13 + 0.8mm), B.subtilis; (10 + 0.1mm) and (11 + 0.7mm), S.typhi (8 + 0.2mm) and (10 + 0.6mm) and K.pneumoniae; (7 + 0.2mm) and (10 + 0.5mm) for aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) ranged from 0.2 to 0.5mg/mL for ethanol extract while aqueous extracts appeared less effective. This result thus suggest the potency of Celosia isertii as an antimicrobial agent especially its extraction with ethanol at 0.5mg/ml although, further studies are recommended for its phytochemical screening/analysis.

Keywords: Antimicrobial Property, Leaf Extracts, Celosia Isertii

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THE EFFECTS OF HIV – RELATED DISCRIMINATION ON PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV AND AIDS – A REVIEW

Category : JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED BIOSCIENCES, VOLUME 4, NUMBER 2, 2012

1Nworuh, B.O; Nwoke E.A; Morakinyo, O.M and Nwufo, C.R

1Department of Public Health Technology

Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

E-mail:pray4woman@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper highlights the effects of HIV- related discrimination on people living with HIV (PLWHA) and provides recommendations on how to minimize its occurrence. Discrimination as defined by the Joint United Nations Action Committee on HIV and AIDS protocol for identification of discrimination against people living with HIV, refers to any form of arbitrary distinction, exclusion or restriction affecting people because of their confirmed or suspected HIV – position Status. Discrimination can occur at the level of the individual HIV persons, their relations and even the community. At the level of the individual, it causes undue anxiety and distress; these factors in themselves contribute to ill health. It causes the person to feel ashamed, conceal his HIV-Status and withdraws from participating in more positive social responses. The effects of discrimination on PLWHA are debilitating, including: loss of income, limiting access to treatment, creating social difference, imposing stigma and increasing poverty. This paper recommends: enforcement of legal actions against violation of human rights, massive community campaign against discrimination, HIV positive persons testifying of their status within their locality and decentralization of care centers.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, discrimination.

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EFFECTS OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM (SCENT LEAF) AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT ON PACKED CELL VOLUME OF WISTAR RATS

Category : JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED BIOSCIENCES, VOLUME 4, NUMBER 2, 2012

 Ovuakporaye S.I

Department of physiology

Delta State University, Abraka

E-mail: simonovuakpo2006@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The effect of aqueous leaf extract ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf) on packed cell volume (PCV) was carried out in this study using male and female Wister rats. The experimental design comprises of; group1 (Male control), group 2 (Male low dose of the extract, 500mg/kg), group 3 (male high dose of the extract, 1000mg/kg), group 4 (female control), group 5 (female low dose, 500mg/kg) and group 6 (female high dose, 1000mg/kg). Oral administration of aqueous leaf extract was carried out for two months followed by chloroform anesthesia before blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses. The study showed that different group treatments significantly (P=0.006) affected the packed cell volume of male and female Wister rats. The extract did not cause any significant difference (P>0.05) when compared with control group of male and female Wistar rats. The effect of the extract on sex was only observed in group 3 male PCV (47.4 ± 0.9) which was significantly (P=0.002) increased when compared with that of group 3 female PCV (30.4 ± 13.1).

Keywords: ocimum gratissimum, packed cell volume, wistar rat

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CONSTIPATION IN PREGNANCY AND THE EFFECT OF VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION IN DIFFERENT SOCIO–ECONOMIC CLASS IN WARRI, DELTA STATE

Category : JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED BIOSCIENCES, VOLUME 4, NUMBER 2, 2012

Anthony E Ojieh

Department of Physiology

Delta State University, Abraka

E-mail: tonniojie@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Constipation is one of the most common complaints in pregnancy, and there can be many causes of pregnancy constipation. When a woman is pregnant, her body goes through a drastic hormonal change and she may become constipated very early in pregnancy (Anderson, 1984; Philip and Stuart, 2000). Another reason for pregnancy constipation is that during pregnancy the body tends to retain water which leads to harder and drier bowel content, thus resulting in constipation during pregnancy (Johansson, et al., 1989; Ashraf, et al., 1994). This research study was undertaken to establish by percentage the prevalence of constipation amongst pregnant women in Warri, Delta State, comparing prevalence of constipation between the upper class, middle class and lower class socio – economic pregnant women, as well as determining the effect of vegetable consumption on pregnancy constipation. The study was conducted using questionnaires. Constipation was determined based on the Rome I criteria for diagnosis of constipation, the criteria include straining during defecation, passage of hard stool, and sensation of blockage in the anus that makes it difficult to pass stool. Vegetable consumption rate was determined based on the frequency of vegetable consumption per week. The common vegetable consumed are pumpkin leaf (Telfairia Occidentalis), Afang (Gnetum Africanus), Water leaf (Hydrophyllum Virginianum) and Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus).Two hundred (200) subjects were studied in each class. The result gotten from analysis of the questionnaires showed a prevalence of 30.00%, 32.50% and 35.50% for upper class, middle class and lower class of pregnant women respectively. The average prevalence of constipation amongst the pregnant women was found to be 32.67%. The rate of vegetable consumption amongst the upper class, middle class and lower class pregnant women was 56.50%, 50.00% and 52.50% respectively. The findings from the questionnaires analysis is indicative of the fact that commonly available vegetables in Nigeria like, Okro, Afang, Water leaf and Pumpkin are capable of improving peristaltic activity in the gut, thereby reducing the possibility of constipation in pregnancy.

KEY WORDS: Constipation, Pregnancy, Vegetable, Socio-economic class.

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THE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF RICE HULL AS BIOFUEL FOR DOMESTIC USE

Category : JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, Volume 4, number 2, 2012

I. Yerima1 and Richard T. Isa2

1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria

 2Mill Six, Jalingo Taraba State

E-mail: yerima.ibrahim@yahoo.com, richtea4u2000@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Due to increasing cost of Domestic Energy coupled with Desertification, increasing human population, high cost of electricity and petroleum gas, a survey of Rice hull dumping site was carried out in Maiduguri, with the aim of evaluating rice hull as a waste for domestic energy in this Ecological zone. Five parameters were examined and measured to determine their influence on the energy value of rice hull. The parameters include moisture content, density, air pocket, ash, and caloric value. All the five parameters interplay for rice hull to effectively burn as a fuel. However, low level of moisture and high number of air pocket (aeration) showed prominence, and significance in the efficiency of the material as biofuel.

Keywords:  Rice hull, Energy Biofuel, Moisture and caloric value.

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DETERMINATION OF SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF AQUIFER DEPTH IN A PART OF BASEMENT COMPLEX OF ILORIN METROPOLIS

Category : JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, Volume 4, number 2, 2012

S. Olatunji1* and L. M. Johnson2

1 Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

2 Department of Geology and Mineral Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

E-mail: sam61ng@gmail.com.,mobolajijay@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Depth to water table was monitored for six consecutive months by direct measurement in nine hand-dug wells within Ilorin metropolis, lying within the basement complex of north central Nigeria. Weekly time series of rainfall and well water level were cross-correlated to investigate seasonal variations in groundwater-level response times, based on periods of 6-month duration. The aims are to monitor the fluctuation of the aquifer recharge, determine the drying rate, detect possible seepage in the studied wells and to analyse geohydrological information. The result shows that in two of the wells some volumes of water are leaking fast at the rate of 0.333m/week and 0.295 m/week to the host rock probably through underground connected pores. This could imply that the wells are seated on fractured and or porous basement. Further with exception of well 2, all other wells show appreciable response to the rainfall. This implies that rainfall is a major recharge source to the aquifer in the study area.

Key words: Well, Aquifer, Aquiclude, Drying-rate, Recharge, Borehole.  

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AN ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC FLOW AND NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS IN LAGOS MAINLAND, NIGERIA

Category : JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, Volume 4, number 2, 2012

Atubi, Augustus O.

Department of Geography and Regional Planning

Delta State University, Abraka

E-mail: atubigrp@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper aims at determining the contribution of the road network characteristics to traffic situation in Lagos Mainland. The analysis via the graph theory revealed that the road network of Lagos Mainland is not well connected and this also has some effects on the traffic situation. In determining the overall contribution of the road network characteristics, the multiple correlation statistics was used. From the analysis, it was observed that 82.81% of the traffic situation in the area can be attributed to the road network characteristics leaving 17.19% to other factors. Based on the findings recommendations were proffered.  

Keywords:  Traffic flow; network; characteristics; Lagos Mainland; analysis.

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