VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONFLICT IN NIGERIA

¹Fatile Jacob o., ²Adejobi, O Samson and Olorunnimbe, R.O.

Department of Public Administration, Lagos State University, Nigeria

²Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Lagos State University, Ojo Nigeria

E-mail:depoprince@yahoo.com.jaco@yahoo.com & olorunimbe@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Climate change refers to change in climate attributable directly or indirectly to human activities, that alters the atmospheric composition of the earth. It has potential of affecting all human natural and cultural systems. Recent events have emphatically demonstrated our growing vulnerability to climate change, and may be a threat to human development and survival. Socially, politically and   economically, these might leads to competition for scarce resources, which enhances and creates socio-environmental conflicts.  However, in the quest for individual and collective responses to the possible impacts of climate change on humankind, there has been review of the situation from a conflict-sensitive perspective. To establish the way in which the effect of climate change can cause or further intensify socio-environmental conflicts. This paper has been prepared on the basis of survey carried out using primary and secondary sources.(interviews with selected key stakeholders and documentation including projects, press articles, official statistics).It later argued for the need to develop appropriate strategies in mitigating the impacts of these vulnerability to  climate change on Nigeria environmental  conflicts,  The paper concludes that development and implementation of appropriate policy instruments will be important in ensuring that the country effectively addresses its adaptation challenges to deals with the  issue of  vulnerability to climate change and conflict management  in Nigeria Keywords;Climate change, Environmental-Conflicts, Adaptability, Vulnerability, Mitigation

ASSESSMENT OF GENDER EQUALITY IN ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT IN EKYE DEVELOPMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE

Ada Benjamin Ikwumokoni

Department of General Studies

College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The study was on gender equality in access to Government employment in Ekye Development Area, Doma Local Government Area of Nasarawa state. Survey technique was used through direct observation of available records in data collection. simple statistical tool such as percentages were also used in data analysis: the result shows that there is great inequality in existing work force between the female and male gender. The findings revealed that the total number of workers in Ekye Development Area stood at eight hundred and Ninety Four (894). Out of which the male workers formed six hundred and seven (607) representing 67.90% of the work force while the female constituted two hundred and eighty seven (287) representing 32.10% of the staff. Conclusion and recommendations were made such as recruitment of staff into various departments should be gender sensitivity. That there be staff development programme. There should be enlightenment campaign on the need for gender equality in all sphere of life in the area.

LANGUAGE AND DEMOCRACY: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE

Ofoegbu Cyril Okechukwu

Department of English

Anambra state university, Igbariam campus, Anambra State, Nigeria

Email: ofoegbucyril@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT:

Language is man’s most important asset, his most important tool with which he interacts. The place of language in any democratic dispensation cannot be overlooked. There is indeed a marriage between language and democracy and the Nigerian democratic scene is not an exception. The question remains how this marriage has fared in the Nigerian environment. The coming of democracy in Nigeria 13 years ago has given this language issue a new face. Due to the freedom democracy afforded everyone in Nigeria, there is abuse of language in Nigeria. Ethnic wars, tribal wars, religious wars and a lot more have been witnessed and are still on the rise in Nigeria in the past 13 years. The language question on the other hand lingers in the minds of Nigerians, who still question our use of English language as our national language. The basic message in democracy is freedom for everyone and everything but we can still ask: is language really free in democratic Nigeria? The last 13 years has shown that language in Nigeria is not really free. It is a manipulative tool which most Nigerians who breathe the air of democracy use to cause confusion, problems and disasters in Nigeria. Today, a turning point should be reached by Nigerians in their attitudes towards their fellow Nigerians and their languages, a point at which Nigerians, irrespective of tribal ethnic or religious affiliations, should accept to work together and choose a language as their national language to foster peace unity and national development in a democratic Nigeria. Our multilingual nature should be a blessing and not a curse to us. Democracy should be a crowning effort to address this language issue in Nigeria. In the end we should have a language of the people by the people and for the people.

THE EFFORTS OF NIGERIAN ARMY ON NASCENT DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY

Gulvi S. Yakubu and Mohammed Garba

Department of Political Science

University of Maiduguri, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

In spite of the efforts made by successive military regimes towards entrenching democratic political culture, the nature of party formation and political participation by the citizens is still not ripe for the consolidation of democratic political culture.  Military government or regimes are characterize with different problems ranging from suspension of the constitution, centralized administration, intolerance to opposition and criticism, they are not elected and therefore, they are not representatives of the people.  The army may feel compelled to intervene in order to implement unpopular austerity policies that political elites have been unable or unwilling to undertake or to correct politically or ideologically inspired fiscal imbalances that have led the economy to the brink of collapse. The objectives of the research are to examine the nature of party formation between 1985 to 1999, and to examine the level of political participation by the citizens in consolidating democracy in Nigeria.  The work seeks to answer questions on the nature of party formation from 1985 to 1999.  Also, to examine possible solutions to military intervention in politics in Nigeria, the use of secondary data as sources of information for this research work was adopted. The work recommends that there should be good leadership to enhance respect for the rule of law, determination to attain and maintain self-reliance and sustainable development in Nigeria.

Keyword:  Nascent, Democracy, Efforts, Army

EMPLOYEES’ PERCEPTION OF DOWNSIZING AND THEIR COMMITMENT TO WORK IN SELECTED FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHMENTS IN NIGERIA

A.T. Ayinde and A.A. Akanni

Department of Psychology,

Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

Email: adedickson@yahoo.com; bimakanni@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The study identified and assessed the extent of the implementation of downsizing policy in the affected public establishments. It also determined the impact of downsizing on employees’ commitment to work in selected public sector establishments in Nigeria.  The study employed descriptive cross-sectional design and a Multi- stage sampling technique was adopted. Purposive sampling technique was used to select six Federal government establishments in Abuja and Lagos State. Using stratified random sampling, a total of 604 respondents comprising (58.9%) males and (41.1%) females were selected from the six federal government establishments affected by downsizing. Data were collected through the administration of standardized psychological tests: General Perception of Downsizing (GPD) and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). Data collected were analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics.

CHALLENGES OF HEALTH DEVELOPMENT AT LOCAL LEVELS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL EXAMPLES IN BRITAIN AND NIGERIA

Abdur-Rahman Olalekan Olayiwola

Department of political science

Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Health is wealth. A Healthy Nation is a wealthy Nation. This paper is about a comparative view of health development challenges at the Local Levels in London Britain and Egbeda Oyo State, Nigeria. The paper compares and contrasts health development in the two societies with the objective of identifying the variables which determine whether and to what extent health development in the systems can be implemented. It also specifies the constraints which limit the range of options effectively available to Local Government Councils and health policy – makers at the Local Level in Britain and Nigeria. The paper examines the rhetoric versus reality on Health Development at the local level and concludes that;

• Local governments are not alone among the levels of government in their failure to provide comprehensive health development programmes;
• The local governments lack a comprehensive policy of health development at the local level in general and particularly on the health hazards caused by many factors including environmental pollution;
• There is a total dependence on seeking foreign medical attention and treatment which ensures that Nigeria is unable to properly regulate health development and various hazards on health;
• The failure of government has forced ordinary people, the primary victims, to engage in self-help medication and measures in an effort to stop fake health practitioners from the reckless destruction of people’s health and life;
• There are fragmentations of policies, overlapping and unclarified responsibilities on health development matters at the Local Level