QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF COOKIES PRODUCED FROM COMPOSITE FLOURS OF WHEAT AND MUSHROOM

Adebayo-Oyetoro A.O^*; Olatidoye O.P; Ogundipe O.O; Balogun I.O and Aro F.O

Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria

E-mail:wonunext@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The use of mushroom flour (MF) substitution in wheat flour (WF) from 10 to 30% each, for the production of cookies was investigated. The proximate analysis, sensory evaluation and microbiological examination of the cookies samples were determined.Fresh mushroom samples were sorted and dried at 55⁰C for 2hrs to produce four blends with wheat flour baked produce cookies The crude protein, crude fibre, and ash content of the mushroom supplemented cookies (MSCs) increased with progressive increase in the proportion of mushroom floor, with the 30% MSCs having higher values of 14.05%; 4.22% and 5.5% respectively, while lowest values we recorded for the whole wheat cookies (WWC). The carbohydrate content was observed to decrease with corresponding increase in the percentage of mushroom flour in MSCs. The sensory evaluation shows that no significant differences were observed between the WWC and the 10% MSCs, in the sensory attributes of aroma, texture, taste and overall acceptability (p<0.05). The crude protein of mushroom supplemented cookies and WWC ranges between 12.5 to 14.05% with the mushroom supplemented cookies (MSCs) having the highest value. The ash content increased with progressive increase in the proportion of mushroom flour, the highest value (5.50) was recorded for the 30% MSCs.There were significant differences (p<0.05) between WWCs and MSCs up to 10% supplementation in all the sensory attributes tested; aroma, texture and overall acceptability. The data obtained from the study clearly show the nutritional potentials of the nut as alternative food ingredient for protein supplementation and its reliability as a good source of amino acids for school children and adults.

Keywords: Mushroom flour, proximate analysis, sensory evaluation, total plate count, quality, wheat.

GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN ENERGY USE AND POLICY

Chikaire, J. Nnadi, F.N., Nwakwasi, R.N Anyoha, N.O. Aja, O.O.

Onoh, P.A. and Nwachukwu, C.A.

Department of Agricultural Extension, Federal University of Technology, Owerri.

Email: bankausta@ yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Energy is a basic necessity for survival and a key input to economic and social development. Inspite of large-scale expansions in energy service provision, more than two billion people across the world lack access to modern energy services. Lack of energy services is correlated with many of the elements of poverty, such as low education levels, inadequate health care, and limited employment possibilities. Gender issues have a key role in energy policies primarily because gender differences and inequalities have consequences for energy needs, use and priorities. In most cultures, women and men have differing roles and responsibilities, with women carrying out subsistence activities, including gathering and managing fuel and water. Women and men also have different degrees of access and control, especially with regard to biomass resources. Inspite of the fact that they are closely involved with obtaining resources from the surroundings, women rarely have control over them. As a result, limited access to energy resources is a problem that has a disproportionably greater effect on women, especially in rural areas. This paper therefore outlines possible policy directives and measures aimed at engendering energy interventions. Thus, greater attention to the needs and concerns of women could help governments promote overall development goals like poverty alleviation, employment, health, and education through improved energy policies.

Keywords: Gender, energy, poverty, policy, mainstreaming.

GREEN ENERGY COGENERATION: A FRIEND OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Idiata, D.J; Omoruyi, S.O and Enoma, Paul

Department of Civil Engineering

Edo State Institute of Technology and Management

ABSTRACT

Electricity generation is the process of creating electricity from other forms of energy. Electricity has been generated at central stations since 1881. Today, no country in the world can depend on just one source to meet its energy demand. Nigeria is endowed with abundant renewable energy resources, the significant ones being solar energy, biomass, small and large hydropower with the potential for hydrogen fuel, geothermal and ocean energies. Green energy is a renewable source of energy that is environmental friendly and considering the issue of Global Climate Change it is the focus of this paper.

keywords: Green Energy; Electricity; Renewable Energy; Environment; Cogeneration

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION (RENEWABLE ENERGY) – BEST OPTION FOR OIL BEARING COMMUNITIES

Ahiakwo, C. O. and Orike, S.

Department of Electrical/Computer Engineering

Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

E-mail: chrisahias@yahoo.com, orike.sunny@ust.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

Energy, particularly electricity is the pivot of social and economical development of any nation. In view of this, oil company operatives in Nigeria enter into Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with their host communities for the provision of electricity and water supply. This paper examined the energy supply source of these companies to their host communities in place of the available alternatives (renewable energy). The present power supply source is discovered to be inimical to the environment. The use of renewable energy was considered the best option for oil bearing communities as they are already faced with emission from gas flaring and need not to endanger their environment with further hydrocarbon emission.  

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Hydrocarbon Emission and Oil Bearing Communities.

PRIVATE-RENTED TO OWNER-OCCUPATION: THE PHASES OF TENURE IN THE HOUSING SECTOR

Okwoli, F.I.P

Department of Architecture

University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Shelter is universally accepted as the second most important essential human need after food. The need for shelter is therefore a fundamental human requirement. Housing is more than mere shelter as it embraces all the social services and utilities that go to make a community or neighbourhood a liveable environment. Housing tenures exhibit many differences in terms of influences on their provision, their changing size and importance and the types of households they attract. Majority of peoples’ primary aspirations are towards owner-occupation (home-ownership), but for most people this might not translate into reality at a given point, compelling them to adopt other alternative tenures that are available. This paper will itemize the possible options available to aspiring households in the circumstances of seeking out alternative means of tenure and highlight the different groups attracted to the various tenures.