Table of Contents

Determination of Trace Metals in Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) In Kazaure

Township, Jigawa State of Nigeria

Fowotade, S.A. and ²Abdallah S.A.………………………………………………………………………………                     1- 4

Geomagnetic Storm Effects on F2 Layer Peak Electron Density and Other Profile

Parameters at High Solar Activity at an Equatorial Station

George Atilade Àlàgbé……………………………………………………………………………………….…………               5-12

MHD Boundary Layer Flow past a Stretching Plate and Heat Transfer and Its

Numerical Study

Mohammed Abdullahi; Abba Vulgwe Mandara and Adam Mari Maina………..…….                   13-20

Expert System Design for PC Troubleshooting

Japheth B. R. and Bubou G. M.……………………………………………………………………….…..………             21-34

Energy Production from Organic Waste

Hayatu Abba Ibrahim and Mohammed Maina………………………………………..……………..         35-42

Political Violence and the Negation of Democratic Stability in Nigeria:

 Implication for the Fourth Republic

Alfa Patrick Innocent and Otaida Eikojonwa………………………………………………..……….…                43-51

Exploring Computer System Software for BOQ Automation in Nigeria:

Comparative Study of Ms Access and Ms Excel

Inuwa, I.I.; Iro, A.I. and; Gambo, N………………………………………………..……………………………               52-65

The Reverberation Time and Congregational Response to the Acoustics of Some Large

 Churches in the Jos Metropolis

L. Obagboye, Bulus Gyang and A P Onuche………………………………………………………….                  66-74

THE REVERBERATION TIME AND CONGREGATIONAL RESPONSE TO THE ACOUSTICS OF SOME LARGE CHURCHES IN THE JOS METROPOLIS

L. Obagboye¹, Bulus Gyang² and A P Onuche³

¹School of Theoretical Physics National Mathematical Centre Abuja

²Department of Physics, University of Jos

³Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Petroleum Resources Effuru  

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates why some very expensively built church auditoria turn out to be below standard as far as good acoustics and sound intelligibility is concerned. The study included the physical aspects –measurements of the dimensions of the auditoria and other physical parameters that would affect the acoustics on the one hand, and obtaining the responses of the congregation on the auditoria acoustics on the other hand. Reverberation time for the enclosures considered was calculated from the slope of the sound as plotted by a sound level recorder and the Sabine’s formula. There is a correlation between the complaints of the users of the auditoria and the results obtained.

Keywords: Intelligibility, Reverberation Time (RT) and Acoustics of Large Church Auditoria.

EXPLORING COMPUTER SYSTEM SOFTWARE FOR BOQ AUTOMATION IN NIGERIA: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MS ACCESS AND MS EXCEL

¹Inuwa, I.I.; ²Iro, A.I. and; ³Gambo, N

^{1,2 & 3}Department of Quantity Surveying Programme,

Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi-Nigeria

Email: inuwaibrahimibrahim@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The software use in accomplishing QS tasks in Nigeria are all of foreign origin and their cost is an important factor which consequently attracts more cost to the construction project clients in form of overheads. Nowadays, computer system software are being widely used by most of the Quantity Surveying practicing firms as well as individual practicing Quantity Surveyors that cannot afford buying the purposely made billing software by reasons of financial constraints, lack of exposure to the latest advancements in the area of information technology and computing and/or competent personnel that will handle the latest sophisticated Quantity Surveying software for the preparation and management of BOQ. This research aimed at exploring computer systems software, exclusively to uncover the most efficient system software between Microsoft access and Microsoft excel for BOQ automation in Nigeria. The research design is contextual, descriptive and analytical. The research conducted an extensive literature search to obtained secondary data. A set of 25 criterion comparing the efficiencies of the two system software for processing and managing data extracted from Microsoft manufacturer’s manual are used as a benchmark for obtaining the primary information (data) on the basic functionalities of the two applications on a weighting scale of 0-2. And the indicators, Apply (absolutely efficient), Acceptable (partially efficient) and doesn’t Apply (absolutely inefficient), are weighted as 2, 1 and 0 respectively. Paired t-test was use to test the research hypothesis at 5% level of significance and establishes that MS Access is more efficient than MS Excel in the preparation and automation of BOQ. The research findings revealed that both MS Excel and MS Access are both efficient in the preparation and automation of BOQ, however, MS Access is 26% more efficient than MS Excel. It recommends’ the use of both system software for BOQ automation and for other QS services.

Keywords: Computer and ICT; MS Excel; MS Access; BOQ Automation; QS Services.

POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND THE NEGATION OF DEMOCRATIC STABILITY IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATION FOR THE FOURTH REPUBLIC

  ¹Alfa Patrick Innocent and ²Otaida Eikojonwa

¹Department of Social Science and Humanities the Federal Polytechnic, Idah Kogi State

²Department of Political Economy School of Post-Graduate Studies

Kogi State University Anyigba

E-mail:  alfaintellectual@yahoo.com; unwagab@rocketmail.com

ABSTRACT

The paper asserts that political violence has been a major road-block to democratic stability in Nigeria.  It argues that the excitement and euphoria that greeted the country’s return to democracy on May 29, 1999 has drastically waned and cynicism and fear have become the other of the day.  The methodology adopted is that of secondary data and insights were drawn extensively from the conflict theorists. The paper concludes with a ray of hope by suggesting antidotes to political violence and prescriptions for attainment of democratic stability by Nigeria

Key Words: Political Violence, Democracy, Democratic Stability, Democratic Consolidation, Nigeria.    

ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM ORGANIC WASTE

¹Hayatu Abba Ibrahim and ²Mohammed Maina

Department of Physics, University of Maiduguri, Borno Nigeria

Department of S.L.T., Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria

E-mail: hayatuabbaibrahim@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In this research work, organic wastes were used for the production of biogas. The generation of energy, from organic wastes ( animal wastes ) millet stalks, which is the biomass was used in carrying out the experiment, and also  cell lysate and then a digester was used for the fermentation which is a drum type digester. The result shows that, from the digestion of organic wastes ( biomass ) and the cell lysate, methane gas was obtained as the biogas. The production showed that about 60-70% of methane and 40% of carbondioxide were obtained. Other gases obtained were hydrogen sulphide 0.5%, sulphurdioxide of about 0.4 – 0.6% . The maximum temperature maintained was about 50 – 60 ⁰ F (=28⁰C ) .This research shows that organic wastes could be used as an alternative to energy source.

Keyword: Biomass, digester and Biogas

EXPERT SYSTEM DESIGN FOR PC TROUBLESHOOTING

¹Japheth B. R.  and  ²Bubou G. M.

¹Department of Mathematics/Computer Science, Niger Delta University, Yenagoa

²National Centre for Technology Management, South-South Zonal Office

Niger Delta University, Yenagoa Bayelsa State

E-mail:jbunakiye@yahoo.com; gbubou@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Computers have simplified our working life to be more efficient and productive, for example, communication can be done through mail and instant messaging, presentation can be shared through Netmeetings and meeting minutes can be stored in workspace or shared drives. Computers, especially notebooks and laptops  are very synonymous with mobile lifestyles as it is very convenient. LAN and wireless facilities which allow users to access borderless information at anywhere and at any time, turn the computer into a necessity rather than a luxury. However these gadgets sometimes malfunction and not every computer owner is a troubleshooter or able to find out the root cause of the malfunction. This is where the expert system is needed for help to any user as a first aid approach to identifying and solving the problem. This paper presents one of such expert system designs and is limited to PC hardware maintenance and troubleshooting covering to the Monitor, Hard drive, Keyboard, Mouse, Audio device, and Missing/Lost Documents via a rule base diagnostic system using PHP

MHD BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW PAST A STRETCHING PLATE AND HEAT TRANSFER AND ITS NUMERICAL STUDY

Mohammed Abdullahi; Abba Vulgwe Mandara and Adam Mari Maina

Department of Mathematics and Statistics

University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

e-mail: abdull109@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In the present paper, the boundary layer flow of viscous incompressible and electrically conducting fluid past a stretching plate has been considered. The boundary value problem governing the flow has been solved as initial value problem for velocity function using shooting method first, then Runge-Kutta method of order four. The values of velocity function so obtained have been used in the solution of heat transfer problem. The results have been discussed graphically.

Keywords: Boundary layer equation, Stretching plate, heat transfer.

GEOMAGNETIC STORM EFFECTS ON F2 LAYER PEAK ELECTRON DENSITY AND OTHER PROFILE PARAMETERS AT HIGH SOLAR ACTIVITY AT AN EQUATORIAL STATION

George Atilade Àlàgbé

Department of Pure and Applied Physics,

Ladoke Akintola University of   Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

E-mail address:atiladealagbe@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

The IPS 42 ionosonde was used to collect data at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (12.4⁰N, 1.5⁰W, dip 5.9⁰N), an equatorial station in West Africa, using IPS 42 ionosonde, were used for this work. Ionograms for years of high solar activity [1990 (Rz=143) and 1991(Rz=146)] were analysed. The parameters used for this study are the peak electron density (NmF2), height of occurrence (hmF2) and the slab thickness (TF2)  of the F2 layer of the ionosphere respectively; as well as the IRI (international reference ionosphere) bottom side profile parameter B0, shape parameter B1, for the F2 region. The simultaneous effects of geomagnetic storms on these parameters were investigated.

Keywords: Equatorial ionosphere, Magnetic storms, Electron density

DETERMINATION OF TRACE METALS IN Moringa oleifera (DRUMSTICK) IN KAZAURE TOWNSHIP, JIGAWA STATE OF NIGERIA

Fowotade, S.A. and ²Abdallah S.A.

^1,2Department of IJMB, College of Foundation Studies and Enterprenuership Education

Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa, Nigeria

E-mail: fowotades@yahoo.com, asabayu@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The levels of trace metals were determined in the Moringa oleifera (drumstick). The leave, bark and root part samples of Moringa oleifera, located in Kazaure local government area of Jigawa state, Nigeria were analyzed for trace metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer(AAS). Generally, the plant accumulate metals in the order Fe > Pb > Cr > Cd. The root samples concentrated the highest level of all the metals. The result revealed the accumulated amount of trace metals in leave sample as 0.053mg/kg(Cr), 0.160mg/kg(Pb), 0.573mg/kg(Fe) and 0.035mg/kg(Cd), in the bark sample as 0.199mg/kg(Cr), 0.293mg/kg(Pb), 3.244mg/kg(Fe) and 0.187mg/kg(Cd) and in the root sample as 0.355mg/kg(Cr), 0.393mg/kg(Pb), 10.374mg/kg(Fe) and 0.259mg/kg(Cd).  The range of metal concentration determined in Moringa oleifera   as a whole is Cr (0.05 – 0.35mg/kg), Pb (0.16 – 0.39 mg/kg), Fe (0.57 – 10.37 mg/kg), and Cd (0.04 – 0.26 mg/kg). The relative high concentration of the lead over chromium is attributable to vehicular emission experienced in the studied area. Levels of metals in the Moringa oleifera sample were generally below the WHO and FAO maximum permissive limits. The values so detected in this study are within safe levels, hence the consumption of Moringa oleifera amidst the inhabitant of Kazaure poses no immediate health hazards.