Table of Contents

Potentials of using Millet Husk Ash (MHA) for Residual Lateritic Soil Modification/Stabilization

Jazuli Aminu Ahmed & Okorie Austine Uche                                                                                                  1 – 7

Structural, Electronics and Phonon Dispersion Relations of Bi-Iii

Binary Compound Semiconductors using Density Functional Theory                                                   

Amusa, R.A. and Oyewande, E.O.                                                                                          8 – 19

Biofuel Continue to be Energy Sustenance Option for Developing

Countries a Case Study of Maiduguri Metropolitan, Borno State.

Hayatu Abba Ibrahim                                                                                                             20 – 34                                                            

Inhibition of NST-44 Mild Steel Corrosion by some Inorganic

Substances in 0.1M Ammonium Nitrate Solutions

M. Alagbe                                                                                                                                35 – 41

Design and Construction of a Smart Security System

Okpeki U.K.                                                                                                                              42 – 55

Economic Load Dispatch Optimization of Renewable Energy

in Power System using Genetic Algorithm

Boniface Anyaka & Ogbodo Ikechukwu                                                                                  55-65

Modest Residential Building Cooling Load Components Analysis

Ibrahim, U.H., Baba A.A. and Idris, M.H.                                                                                  66-72

MODEST RESIDENTIAL BUILDING COOLING LOAD COMPONENTS ANALYSIS

Ibrahim, U.H., Baba A.A. and Idris, M.H.

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

E-mail: heldabuk@yahoo.com

Abstract: In developing countries like Nigeria, the exacerbation of thermal discomfort in a living space is closely associated with high cost of air conditioning systems and the epileptic power supply. This paper therefore attempts to determine the contribution of each of the cooling load component of a modest residential building with the view of meliorating thermal comfort by manipulating the components that contribute significantly to the total cooling load of the building. To achieve the set objectives, the sources of heat load both internal and external were identified and their relative contributions to the total cooling load were determined. The results show that external heat load which encompasses heat gain through walls, windows, roof, and infiltration heat load, contributes about 87% of the total cooling load of the building. Significant reduction of the external cooling load by passive measures will not only make the occupants of the building to have relief comfort but can also reduce the size, cost and the power requirement of the air conditioning system to be used in the building. Amelioration of thermal comfort by mitigation of the external cooling load of a building using passive measures is recommended.

ECONOMIC LOAD DISPATCH OPTIMIZATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN POWER SYSTEM USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

Boniface Anyaka & Ogbodo Ikechukwu

Department of Electrical Engineering

University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu

Email: ikechukwuogbodo@yahoo.com

Abstract: The inclusion of a significant amount of renewable energy into power systems has resulted in additional constraints on Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) to accommodate the intermittent nature of the output. This condition may not match with system load demand or current trading mechanisms in a power system. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) method using ‘negative load’ and ‘inclusive’ approach is proposed and discussed. Index Terms – economic Load Dispatch (ELD), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Renewable Energy, Wind Power Generation.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SMART SECURITY SYSTEM

Okpeki U.K.

Department of Electrical/Electronic/Computer Engineering,

Delta State University, Oleh Campus, Nigeria.

E mail: omakazeem@yahoo.com.

Abstract: From the wake of modern security technology, there had been a clarion need to equip our corporate organizations and homes against the increasing rate of crime and theft in our society. A robust security system that takes advantage of the numerous capabilities of the computer is designed and implemented. The system comprises of both the hardware and the software subsystems. The hardware consists of two parts the remote sensors and the central console for sensor data collection. The code is written with C + + language. It can monitor, process, and control the behaviour of the central console & sensors. The design methodology was modular. The hardware prototype when interfaced to the parallel port of a computer functioned as specified. The outstanding contribution of the project is direct software control of a networked alarm system,  automatically opens and closes the entry and exit doors, turns on all the fans/ACs on sensing the first person presence, turns all the security light on at night and off at day for a  corporate building , or home.

INHIBITION OF NST-44 MILD STEEL CORROSION BY SOME INORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN 0.1M AMMONIUM NITRATE SOLUTIONS

M. Alagbe

Department of Metallurgical Engineering

Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria

E-mail: alagbemic@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study presents the report of an investigation on the effect of sodium nitrite (NaN0₂), sodium biphosphate (Na₂HP0₄), potassium chromate (k₂Cr0₄), potassium dichromate (k₂Cr₂0₇) and sodium benzoate (C₆H₅COONa) inhibitors on the corrosion characteristics of NST-44 mild steel in 0.1M ammonium nitrate solutions.  The corrosion rates of the exposed mild steel were obtained using the weight loss immersion method.  It was observed that oxidizing inhibitors like sodium nitrite, potassium chromate and potassium dichromate were more efficient than non-oxidizing inhibitors like sodium biphosphate and sodium benzoate by providing inhibition at molar concentrations of 5 x 10^-3M and 5 x 10^-2M respectively in 0.1M ammonium nitrate solutions. The results obtained on cold-work and various inhibitors indicate that cold working increased adsorption of inhibitors.  Smaller quantities of inhibitors were therefore needed to inhibit corrosion of cold-worked mild steel than in un-worked sample.  The results of this research are expected to improve the corrosion resistance of this steel as a constructional material for fertilizers, dyes and explosives processing industries in Nigeria.

BIOFUEL CONTINUE TO BE ENERGY SUSTENANCE OPTION FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES A CASE STUDY OF MAIDUGURI METROPOLITAN, BORNO STATE.

Hayatu Abba Ibrahim     

Department of Physics,

University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

Email: hayatuabbaibrahim5@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper investigate the potentials of some second generation bio fuels such as manure, tuber peels and other by-products of agriculture in providing biogas, bio ethanol and bio diesel. It identifies workable options which can help in meeting energy demand particularly in the developing world like Nigeria. Also, country- level partnerships in respect of energy exploitation, delivery and application: particularly in the areas of development of enabling policies, technology deployment, human resources provision and concessionary financial assistance are recommended. As part of the investigation work, organic wastes were used for the generation of biogas, as biomasses are in abundance in Maiduguri and its environment. The generation of energy, from organic wastes (animal wastes), millet stalks, which is the biomass used in carrying out the experiment, and also cell lysate and then a digester was used for the fermentation which is a drum type digester. The result shows that, from the digestion of organic wastes (biomass) and the cell lysate, methane gas was obtained as the biogas. The production shows that about 60-70% of methane and 40% of carbondioxide were obtained. Other gases obtained were hydrogen sulphide 0.5%, sulphurdioxide of about 0.4-0.6%.The maximum temperature maintained was about 50-60⁰F(=28⁰C) . This research showed that organic wastes could serve as an alternative to energy source.

STRUCTURAL, ELECTRONICS AND PHONON DISPERSION RELATIONS OF BI-III BINARY COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS USING DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY

¹Amusa, R.A. and ² Oyewande, E.O.                                                                               

 ¹Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Ilaro-Ogun State.

²Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State.

Email: alade_amusa2000@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Phonon dispersion relations of semiconductors especially III-Bi binary compounds are of immense importance in the study of structural and vibrational properties of semiconductor materials.  In this paper structural and phonon frequencies at high symmetry points using local density and generalized gradient approximations within density functional perturbation  theory were calculated and compared with a view to know the influence of pseudopotentials on the investigated properties and variation of acoustic and optics frequencies of the compounds with atomic orbitals  of the selected compounds . Our results reveal that only BBi show higher values of both longitudinal and transverse optical frequencies which can be attributed to the fact that BBi binary compound is the only optoelectronic material that has direct energy, in addition acoustic and optical frequencies decrease for local density approximation than the generalized gradient approximation in BBi compound while they are greater for LDA than the GGA frequencies in AlBi compound. The phonon frequencies calculated will be useful in phonon engineering where vibrational properties of materials are employed.

POTENTIALS OF USING MILLET HUSK ASH (MHA) FOR RESIDUAL LATERITIC SOIL MODIFICATION/STABILIZATION

Jazuli Aminu Ahmed¹ & Okorie Austine Uche²

¹Federal Ministry of Works Nigeria

²Department of Civil Engineering Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

Email: jaznaff@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: The paper presents the results of an investigation on the potentials of Millet husk ash (MHA) on compaction properties of marginal lateritic soil. Soil samples collected from Maikunkele area of Minna, Nigeria (Lat. 9°36″N and Long. 6°30″E), classified as an A-7-6 lateritic soil on AASHTO classification scale was stabilized with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 % millet husk ash (MHA) by weight of the dry soil. Using British Standard BS 1377, the behaviour of the Soil-MHA blend was investigated with respect to Index properties, Compaction Characteristics, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive strength (UCS) test. The results obtained indicated a general decrease in maximum dry density (MOD) and increase in optimum moisture content (OMC). The CBR and UCS of the soil increase with increased in the MHA content. The peak UCS value was recorded at 10% MHA which indicate potentials of using MHA for strength improvement of A-7-6 lateritic soil.