SOCIAL MARKETING AND ATTITUDINAL CHANGE FOR SUSTAINABLE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

¹Bello, Babatunde Sikiru, ²Zubairu, Ibrahim Tswachi, ³Nwokenkwo, Ben Olubunmi & ⁴Abdulsalam, Abdulmutalib Adinoyi

^1,3&4Department of Marketing, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State, Nigeria

²Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bida

Email: connekt2tunde@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Can social marketing concepts and techniques be effectively applied to the promotion of social objectives such as campaign against smoking, safe driving, and brotherhood? The applicability of social marketing concepts to such social problems is among others, examined in this paper and the writers also show how social causes and attitudinal change can be advanced to successfully bring about sustainable national development. The paper is a theoretical research which draws up data from books (both online and from library), published journals and the writers’ experiences in addition to the relevant literature. The writers conclude that given the right attitude, the concept of social marketing can facilitate sustainable national development.

Keywords: Change; Attitude; Social Marketing; Sustainable; Development

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING ON SMALL BUSINESSES IN BIDA METROPOLIS

Ibrahim Abubakar Mikugi, Azubuike Aham Samuel, & Aliyu Mustapha Tsoida

Department of Business Administration and Management

The Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State

Email: tatafoundation@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT

The systematic process for developing and empowering a high performance entrepreneurs can best be obtained by training. Training is a means of getting better result through agreed frame work of planned goals, standards, and competency requirement. The process of obtaining this development level can be done in short and long term bases depending on the nature of choice of trade or type of trade. Bida Town played host to a wide range of artisans, ranging from black smith works, furniture, fashion design, Hair dressing saloon etc. This paper examined the best practices among Bida entrepreneurs and their enterprise when they are well exposed at the instance of training for provision of excellent services, and results oriented achievements of greatness for self-economic empowerment. Sixty Five (65) Entrepreneurs of various enterprise levels were selected, by the use of accidental sampling technique to examine the level of their training exposure and its benefits. Fifty eight (58) Questionnaires were returned. Findings revealed that the impact of Entrepreneurship training of apprentice in small business contribute immensely to economic development and eventual technological transformation. The paper concludes that apprenticeship training is a compulsory tutelage for strategic positioning and management of a going concern such as furniture making, fashion and design, hair dressing saloon, knitting (wool work), brass/bronze (black smith) work, technicians (TV/Radionics) etc. Recommendations were given which include the need for   proactive policy measures for successful take-off of new enterprise. Government should step in, to provide attractive business policy to encourage entrepreneurs and new business start – up.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Apprentice, Training, Programme, Entrepreneurs

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NON-FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES ON MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCES IN AGRO ALLIED INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA

Tony Ikechukwu Nwanji¹, Adedoyin Isola Lawal², Sainey Faye³ & Jeremiah Shalom⁴

^1,2&4Department of Accounting and Finance, College of Business and Social Sciences, Landmark University, Nigeria,

³Department of Accounting and Finance, Buckinghamshire New University Buckingham, UK

Email: nwanji.tony@lmu.edu.ng, lawal.adedoyin@lmu.edu.ng, sainey.faye@bucks.ac.uk, onyecatchrazor@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of nonfinancial performance measures on managerial performances in Agro-allied Industries in Nigeria. The study employed survey questionnaire based on Likert scale system to collect data from stakeholder groups of the companies’ understudy. The data were analysed using mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis to answer the research questions onhow does nonfinancial performance measurement positively affect them an agerial performance of Agro-allied Industries? Moreover, whether customers’ satisfaction and employee participation positively affect the company performance? The findings from the results of the analysis indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between non-financial performance measures and managerial performance of Agro-allied Industries. Findings are in line with the literature that role clarity significantly mediates the relationship between non-financial measures and managerial performance. We found that non-financial performance enables the organisation to meet the needs and the interest of its wider stakeholders. The assessment of non-financial performance contributes to overall corporate performance.  Amajor recommendation from the study is that Agro-Allied Industries in Nigeria should adopt effective measures of organisational performance using non-financial performances measures to support financial performance measures which will provide the effective managerial performance to contribute overall organisational performance.

THE IMPACT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIAN LISTED FOOD PRODUCT COMPANIES

Nma Alhaji Baba, Ndagi Mohammed, & Sadiq Abubakar Mustafa

Department of Accountancy

The Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria.

Email: Nalhajibaba@Yahoo.Com

ABSTRACT

This study is purposely carried out to examine the impact of capital structure on financial performance of Nigerian listed food product companies. Annual financial report of five (5) companies listed on the Nigeria stuck exchange under the food product categories were used within the study period of seven (7) years from 2006-2012. Least square regression analysis was applied on Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) as performance indicators while Long-term Debt to Capital (LTDC), Total Debt to Capital (TDC), Total Debt to Equity (TDE) are used as capital structure proxies and AGE as control variable. The study reveal that there is a negative and insignificant relationship between LTDC, TDC, TDE and ROA while the relationship between LTDC, TDC, TDE and ROE is positive but also insignificant. More so, from the result positive and significant relationship exist between AGE and the two performance variables (ROA and ROE). The study concludes that capital structure is not a major determinant of firm performance and recommends that organization managers should focus more attention on firm age when making capital structure decision that will improve firm’s financial performance.

Keywords: Capital Structure, Financial Performance

Table of Contents

Quality Evaluation of Rat Species Sold in Makurdi Metropolis

Ikya, J. K., Jimin, C. M., Amove, J.                                                                                             1-14

Preliminary Evaluation of Yield and Yield Parameters in Some Cowpea Cultivars for Adaptability to Lafia Climatic Condition in Nigeria.

Hauwa Ahmad Kana                                                                                                               15-21

Economic Contribution of African Locust Bean Seeds (Parkiabiglobosa) to the Livelihood of Rural Inhabitants of Southern Taraba State, Nigeria

David Irande                                                                                                                            22-43

Growth and Yield of Okra Under Sprinkler Irrigation System in Owo, South-Western Nigeria

Mogaji K O. & Oloruntade A. J.                                                                                               44-61

Productivity Analysis and Returns of Different Classes of Land Size Holdings in Imo State, Nigeria

Osuji, E. E, Okwara, M. O.,  Eze, E. U., And Onyebinama, I. C.                                                  61-74

Effects of Different Natural Extenders on Sperm Count, Motility and Fertility of

Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) for Enhancement of Fingerling Production

Onyia, L.U., Diyaware, M.Y., Etah, S.O. & Ochokwu, I.J.                                                            75-80

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT NATURAL EXTENDERS ON SPERM COUNT, MOTILITY AND FERTILITY OF Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) FOR ENHANCEMENT OF FINGERLING PRODUCTION

*Onyia, L.U¹., Diyaware, M.Y²., Etah, S.O.¹& Ochokwu, I.J³.

¹Department of Fisheries, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola.

² Department of Fisheries, University of Maiduguri; Maiduguri.

³Department of Fisheries and Aquacultural Technology, Federal University, Dutsinma.

Email: luconyiagmail.com.

ABSTRACT

The study assessed the effects of natural sperm extenders on the sperm count, motility and fertility of African mudfish (Clarias gariepinus) for artificial induced breeding and cryopreservation purposes. Three natural extenders were tested i.e. Coconut water, sugarcane water and soybean solutions were used. While the saline solution was used as a control. Semen samples (milt) were pooled from mature broodstock males weighing 600±100g and pre-extension qualities were evaluated for the fresh sperm.  Extenders of sugarcane, coconut, soybean and saline water which was used as control were prepared and diluted with sperm to give a sperm extension ratio of 1:20 (1ml of sperm: 20ml of the extender) and 5ml of the prepared solutions were measured in different storage bottles and placed on crushed ice at about 4⁰C which were used to fertilize ready isolated eggs at 0, 3 and 6 hour intervals of exposure at 4⁰C to assess the fertility. In general, the fertilization rates decreased with increasing duration. With respect to natural extenders, the saline solution showed the highest fertility of 71%, followed by soybean milk (69%) while coconut water recorded the least fertility. There significant difference(p<0.05) in the percentage fertility of milt among the sperm extenders. The motility of the extended sperms was viewed under microscope at x400 magnification and calculated. Soybean milk showed the highest motility rate of 65% and sperm count 0.690±0.050×10⁸ after 6 hours exposure as compared with other natural extenders. However, sperm count, motility and fertility decreased progressively as the period of storage increased.

Keywords: Coconut Water, Sugarcane Water, Soybean Milk, Spermatozoa, Fertilization, Motility, Clarias gariepinus

DIFFERENT CLASSES OF LAND SIZE HOLDINGS IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA 

^1*Osuji, E.E, ²Okwara, M.O., ²Anyanwu, U.G. & ¹Onyebinama, I.C.

¹Department of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria

 ²Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State

Email: osujiemeka2@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the farm productivity and returns from different classes of land size holdings in Imo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 75 farmers for the study. Information was elicited from the sampled respondents through a structured questionnaire and interview schedule. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, partial productivity index of land, and net returns model. The socio-economic features of the farmers reveal a mean age of 58 years, 12 years educational attainment, 5 persons per household, 15 years farming experience, and a mean farm size of 1.07ha. The total returns from these zones showed that Owerri zone recorded the highest total returns of N290,878.2/ha with a land productivity of N49,258/ha which is higher when compared to other zones. Orlu zone had a total return of N227,227.4/ha with a land productivity of N45,454.6/ha and while Okigwe zone showed least returns of N197,553.1/ha with a land productivity of N39,510.63/ha. This implies that farmers in Owerri zone efficiently utilize the resources available to them which resulted to higher outputs and productivity relative to other two zones. The result further indicated that Owerri zone had the highest net returns of N73,628 followed by Orlu, N65,140 while Okigwe zone had the least returns of N52,390. Hence farmers in the area are encouraged to adopt good land management techniques, thus this improves farm output and farm productivity and also raises farm income.

Keywords: FarmProductivity; Analysis; Net-Returns; Land Size Holdings; Imo State

GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN OWO, SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

Mogaji K.O. & Oloruntade A.J.

Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State Nigeria

Email: ko.mogaji@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The growth and yield of okra under sprinkler irrigation system was investigated at Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria during the 2016/2017 dry season period. The aim of the study was to characterize the effect of sprinkler irrigation on yield and yield components of okra as well as its water use efficiency. Okra seeds were planted and subjected to two regimes of treatment, that is, full irrigation and no/zero irrigation (control). Water was applied to the plants by using over-head tank gravity sprinkler irrigation system. Rainfall was measured using rainguage and soil moisture content was obtained using gravimetric method twice weekly. Height, stem and number of leaves were determined on weekly basis using a – 2 meter rule, Vernier calliper and physical counting of stem and leaf, respectively. In addition the biomass yield was obtained on dry matter basis. The coefficient of determination (R²) for plots of plant leaves against height were 0.9671 and 0.9122 for treatment and control, respectively, while the total biomass yield were 2423.24 kg/ha and 822.17 kg/ha for treatment and control, respectively. Furthermore, water use efficiency of 1.28 kg/m³ was obtained for the entire growing period for full and control irrigation respectively. This preliminary results suggest that sprinkler irrigation can lead to increase productivity of okra and is, therefore, recommended for supplemental irrigation of okra, particularly in Owo, and in the sub-humid south-western Nigeria.     

ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF AFRICAN LOCUST BEAN SEEDS (parkiabiglobosa) TO THE LIVELIHOOD OF RURAL INHABITANTS OF SOUTHERN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

David Irande

Department of Forestry,

College of Agriculture, Jalingo.

Email: ametidauda@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The study was designed to assess the economic contribution of African locust bean seeds to the livelihood of rural inhabitants of Southern Taraba State, Nigeria.  Simple random sampling was used to select the three Local Government Areas from the eight L. G. A. in Southern Taraba State, with one L G A from each of the three vegetation type. The study revealed that the tree species play very important role in the live of the rural dwellers in the provision of food, medicine, income generation, timber for housing, fuel wood for cooking, and charcoal making, ritual purposes etc. One hundred and eighty questionnaires (180) were distributed randomly to sample the opinion of the people in the study area. The data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics including table and percentages, budgetary analysis technique e.g. gross margin to analyze the profitability of locust bean processing and marketing in the study area. Regression analysis was also used to determine the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and the net revenue. The result of the budgeting analysis revealed that the total annual income generated from the locust bean business by the respondents, was N1,848,274and average net income obtained by individual respondent was N11,847.91 The result of the regression analysis revealed that there exist a significant relationship between the socio-economic characteristics (age, family size, cost of transportation, cost of labour, education level, years of experience and quantity processed) and the net revenue at (P > 0.05). It is therefore concluded that profit made by the processor and the marketer can be improved by increasing the quantity of locust bean seeds processed through the adoption of improve method of processing, preservation, packaging and marketing the product to international standard by reducing the odour of the product without loss of essential nutrients and palability in order to generate foreign exchange. Also rules and regulation against indiscriminate cutting of the tree species for alternative uses should be enforced to maximize their value.

Keywords: Economic Contribution, African Locust Bean Seed

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF YIELD AND YIELD PARAMETERS IN SOME COWPEA CULTIVARS FOR ADAPTABILITY TO LAFIA CLIMATIC CONDITION IN NIGERIA

Hauwa Ahmad Kana

Department of Basic Science

College of Agriculture Lafia, Nasarawa State

Email: hauwamakongiji@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Eight cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) were collected from IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture), four cultivars from University of Agriculture Markudi and 2 varieties were obtained from Nasarawa State Agricultural Development Programme (NADP) which one of it served as the control. The cowpeas were characterized and evaluated for yield and yield parameters at the College of Agriculture Research farm. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications was used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the cultivars in Lafia climatic condition and to select among the cultivars, most suitable one and to make entries on its yield parameters. The result showed that the cultivars were significantly different from each other at p<0.05 and also from the control variety for mean number of pods per plant, (MPP), mean number of seeds per pods (MSPH), mean number of seeds per plant at harvest (MSPH_o) and mean pod length (MPLH). There was no significant difference between the cultivars and the control variety for mean number of days to flowering (MDF) and mean number of days to maturity. Cultivar IT06K-135, IT06K-281-1, IT07K-299-4 and IT06K-270had a higher seed 100 g weight than the commonly cultivated variety IITA 288and IITA 277.