Table of Contents

Kinetics Study on Corrosion Inhibition Effects of Castor Seed Oil on Mildsteel

Pipe 

Offurum J.C.; Nwaneri T.U.; Chinagorom E.N.; Akuchie C.J. And Nwaozuzu S.C.                     1-12

The Role of Enhanced Multi-Factor Authentication in Modern Computing

Obioha Iwuoha, Chidiebere C. Oparah                                                                                    13-24

Developing Local Raw Materials as Corrosion Inhibitors for Drill-Pipe Corrosion

M. Alagbe & G. O. Olajide                                                                                                       25-34

Analysis of Hydrocarbons Released through Hydropyrolysis of Asphaltenes

obtained from North Sea Crude Oil.

Ivwurie, W. & Appi, T.S                                                                                                            35-41

A Review of Domestic Household Energy Use in Urban/Rural Settlements in

Nigeria

Mohammed Umar, A. S. Grema Murtala A. Musa, Sahabo Abubakar & Godwin Maina         42-62

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Leaves of Some Edible Vegetables in

Bauchi and Soil in Bauchi Metropolis
Adamu, H. M, Ushie, O.A. Tukur, I M, Shibdawa, M. A and Neji, P. A                                      63-74

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN LEAVES OF SOME EDIBLE VEGETABLES IN BAUCHI AND SOIL IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS

Adamu, H. M¹, Ushie, O.A². Tukur, I M¹, Shibdawa, M. A¹and Neji, P. A³

¹Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi

²Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University, Wukari Nigeria

³Department of Chemical Science, Cross River University of Technology Calabar, Nigeria

Email: afiushie@yahoo.com

Abstract

Health risk index of these heavy metals Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn and Pb have been determined on two vegetables sample (Amaranthuscaudatus and Hibiscus cannabinus), around Gombe road in Bauchi metropolis. The level of the heavy metals in the soil where the vegetables grown were determined. Analysis of the soil and the vegetables samples revealed that, the mean conc. Of the Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn and Pb in Amaranthuscaudatus were, 0.00, 19.4, 275, 12.5 and 0.00 mg/kg, in Hibiscus cannabinus were 0.5, 8.5, 275, 1.5 and 0.00 mg/kg and in the soil were 1.0, 144, 2000, 38 and 14.5mg/kg respectively. All the values obtained were below the permissible limit recommended by WHO/FAO. Only Cd in Hibiscus cannabinus exceeded the maximum permissible limit and it has to be monitored in order to prevent Cd disease outbreak.

A REVIEW OF DOMESTIC HOUSEHOLD ENERGY USE IN URBAN/RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN NIGERIA

Mohammed Umar, A. S. Grema Murtala A. Musa, Sahabo Abubakar & Godwin Maina

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maiduguri

Email: umar20054@gmail.com

Abstract

Concerns for energy required for the running of homes, industries and the economy generally has been of global concern for some decades. Domestic household energy has influence on environmental conservation and sustainable development. This paper reviews the domestic energy consumption in urban/rural settlements of Nigeria. Our study takes an explicitly longitudinal and multilevel approach to understanding this fundamental energy use transition. For this study, a narrative approach was employed. Selected studies were compared and summarized on the basis of existing literature, theories and models. This review explores the differences in influences on fuel use between rural and urban areas. It also evaluates and identifies patterns and trends in domestic energy in urban/rural areas of Nigeria. From the literatures reviewed, it was seen that domestic energy is energy used at homes for cooking, heating, lightening, cooling, powering electrical appliances and pumping water. These energies can be sourced from different energy sources ranging from traditional energy (wood waste, animal dung, crop waste fuel wood, sawdust and charcoal) to the modern energy source (kerosene, liquefied gas and electricity). Looking at the two energy models used for this research, it was seen that electricity ranks the highest in energy ladder model and energy stack model, yet most households in Nigeria, approximately 100 million people lack access to it. It was noted that the key factors in the growth of household energy consumption are the number of households with access to energy supply, penetration rates of electric appliances, and the mount and efficiency of energy sources. The findings have shown that a lot should be done in ensuring that safer and cleaner sources of energy are available to rural households. Conventionally, availability, affordability and convenience of usage are critical issues to be taken into consideration when making choices among alternative energy sources that are available. There is the need for government’s intervention in making kerosene available to rural poor. This is the source of energy that was mostly used.

ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBONS RELEASED THROUGH HYDROPYROLYSIS OF ASPHALTENES OBTAINED FROM NORTH SEA CRUDE OIL.

Ivwurie, W. & Appi, T.S

Department of Chemistry,

Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria

Email: wivwurie@yahoo.co.uk       

Abstract

Asphaltenes precipitated from the North Sea crude oil were subjected to hydropyrolysis to determine the percentage yield of hydrocarbon from asphaltene matrix. Open column chromatography which was performed on asphaltene hydropyrolysate gave a percentage recovery of 70 %, suggesting that this process is a veritable tool for the release of hydrocarbons trapped in asphaltene matrix.

DEVELOPING LOCAL RAW MATERIALS AS CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR DRILL-PIPE CORROSION

M. Alagbe & G. O. Olajide

Department of Metallurgical Engineering Institute of Technology

Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin Nigeria.

Email: alagbemic@yahoo.com

Abstract

This report presents the investigation of red onion skin and the plant Rhizophoraracemosa as inhibitors of corrosion of samples of NST60-2 drill-pipe in drilling mud solution using the weight-loss immersion technique.  The inhibitive potentials of the two inhibitors were evaluated based on a determination of the corrosion rates in the presence and absence of the inhibitors and effectiveness of the two inhibitors at different levels of concentrations for room temperature of 28^oC and elevated temperature of 125^oC.  The results show that red onion skin is a much better inhibitor of the corrosion of samples of drill-pipe in drilling mud solution than the plant Rhizophoraracemosa.  The effectiveness of inhibition becomes significant only at concentrations of 200ppm for red onion skin and 300ppm for the plant Rhizophoraracemosa at room temperature.  At elevated temperature, the effectiveness of their inhibition is not reliable because a greater amount of inhibitor may be required for the protection of oil processing equipment and machineries.  The results of this work are expected to be used to improve the corrosion resistance of this drill-pipe for oil processing industries in Nigeria.

THE ROLE OF ENHANCED MULTI-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION IN MODERN COMPUTING

Obioha Iwuoha, Chidiebere C. Oparah

Computer Science Department,

Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri, Imo State.

Email: ohaobi@yahoo.com, canonchychuks@yahoo.com

Abstract: Modern computing involving the use of smart devices and laptops is currently having issues of identity theft, porous authentication, phishing and sniffing. This is due to the use of poor authentication protocols. This paper has the objective of defining and explaining the role enhanced multi-factor authentication will play to curb these disturbing issues in modern computing. The research methodology to be used in this research is the Rapid or throw-away prototyping which is a type of the prototyping methodology. It involves the creation of a simple working model to visually show the users what their requirements may look like when they are implemented into a finished system. The result of this paper is the achievement of an in-depth understanding of how enhanced multi-factor authentication works and its need to be integrated into all facets of modern computing.

KINETICS STUDY ON CORROSION INHIBITION EFFECTS OF CASTOR SEED OIL ON MILDSTEEL PIPE

Offurum J.C.; Nwaneri T.U.; Chinagorom E.N.; Akuchie C.J. and Nwaozuzu S.C.

Department of Chemical Engineering,

Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo-Ohaji

E-mail: jullyengine@yahoo.com

Abstract

In this research work, the kinetics of corrosion inhibition effects of castor seed oil on mildsteel pipe was studied. This was in the bid to appreciate the significance of kinetic energy in the corrosion process. Corrosion inhibition assessment of the mildsteel material by the Castor Seed Oil (CSO) sample was conducted for varying dosages (of 50, 60 and 70% Strokes) per unit time at different concentrations (of 10, 15 and 20g/L), temperatures (of 40, 50 and 60^oC) within specified times (of 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32hours).  Kinetics study was conducted to evaluate the values of the kinetic parameters. The first order kinetic rate constant (k₁) was found to have all positive values, indicating that there is a continuous need for kinetic energy during the corrosion process. Also, the half life (t_1/2) values generally increases down the table, in the direction of increase in dozing rate. This suggests that higher strokes, per unit time, entering the system generate greater kinetic energy through greater (persistent) intermolecular bombardment of the fluid molecules. The values of coefficient of determination (R²) range from 0.7762-0.9854; this implies pa good data fit to the plots. However, the general trend in the values of the kinetic parameters (k and t_1/2) shows that corrosion rate increases with increase in the inhibitor concentration.