TRACE METAL DETERMINATION IN UKE, AUTA-BALEFI AND KARU (HEADQUARTER) IN KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA.

J. A Osuagbalende & D. A Bako

Department of Basic Sciences,

College of Agriculture Lafia. Lafia, Nigeria

Email: adamujonah24@yahoo.com

Abstracts

Water samples collected from nine sampling points of three different sources (Bore-holes, stream sand wells) within Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria were analyses for trace metals. The trace metals Na, K, Mg, Fe,  Ca, Zn, Pb, Cd As, Ni, Cr and Hg were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The results showed that Ni and Hg were not at detectable range for all the water samples. The trace metals analyzed were found within the required standard limit set by World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. All findings have been discussed and appropriate recommendations made.

Keywords:  Trace metals, Cadmium Streams and Groundwater.

Table of Contents

An Appraisal of Office Spaces and their Effect on Workforce Efficiency

in Selected Public Buildings

I.I. Ella, O. Onazi, E. O. Ola-Adisa and M. Pandur          1-12                                  

Characterization of Tiger Nut Oil Extracted using Mechanical and

Chemical Methods

Awulu, J.O.  Omale, P.A. and Omadachi, J.O.       13-25                                            

Phytochemical Screening and Scavenging Effectiveness of the Leaf of terminaliacatappalinn

Umar Dan Azumi,  Tijjani M.A. Mohammed G.T.Braimah H.Y.    26-38                    

Effects of Sett Size on the Field Establishment, Growth Fresh Tuber

Yield and Yield Related Attributes of White Yam (Dioseora rotundata)

Ogboi E. and Odeh, H.O                     39-46                                                               

Design Considerations for Work Space Efficiency: The Effects of Colour

I.  I. Ella, O. Onazi, E. O. Ola-Adisa and T. B. Anthony 47-62                                   

User Satisfaction in Low/Middle Income Housing, Jos, Nigeria

(A Case Study of Old Legislative Quarters, Jos)

C. Gofwen, S. N. Gaiya, E. O. Ola-Adisa, and Z. Ishaku                                    63-80

Challenges Associated With Slum Sand the Need for Better Housing Conditions in Port Harcourt Waterfront

Ofor, Joshua Daniel, & Ferdinand F.O. Daminabo                                      81-106

Determine the Radionuclides in Water, Rocks and Soil of some Areas

of Maiduguri Metropolis.

E. W. Likta       107-118                                                                                                 

The Impact of Climate Change on Architecture

Obi Hendrix & Ferdinand F.O. Daminabo 119-130                                                      

Isolation and Characterization of Active Fraction of Pergulariatomentosa against Dermatophyte

Arzika, A.T., Adili, A.T., Abubakar, L., Bagna, E.A. and Mohammed, S.                        131-147

Isolation and characterization of active fraction of pergularia tomentosa against dermatophyte

¹Arzika, A.T., ¹Adili, A.T., ¹Abubakar, L., ¹Bagna, E.A. and ¹Mohammed, S.

¹Department of Chemistry

Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto State, Nigeria

E-mail: arzikatambuwal1982@gmail.com,

Abstract

Pergularia tomentosa is reported to have antifungal (Hassan et el., 2007), anti-bacterial, (Dangoggoet el., 2002) and anti-dermatophyte activity (Gill, 1992). This work was aimed at isolating the most active fraction against some dermatophyte isolate, phytochemical screening of crude, n-hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts indicate the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, glycoside, saponin, and phenols in all fractions but volatile oils are absent. The main work was to isolate the active fraction, So, fractionation of was done by suspending 100g of the dried plant sample in 500ml n-hexane, chloroform and then ethanol. The minimum percentage inhibition of the three fractions (n-hexane, chloroform and ethanol) were assayed by Agar well dilution method, which shows that, chloroform fraction ha highest percentage inhibition of 58.15, and 55.42% against malassezia and Trichoptyton than n-hexane 7.40 and 15.11% and ethanol extract 20.32 and 25.13%respectively. The chloroform extract was then fractioned using column chromatography, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and ethanol were used as eluent, and five fractions was obtained. All the column chromatographic fractions were also tested for its antidermatophytic activity using the same method above, dichloromethane fraction shows highest percentage inhibition against the dermatophyte (malassezia and Trichoptyton) with the percentage inhibition 82.22 and 92.32% respectively than other five fractions of ethyl acetate: (12.22 and 34.36), (20.56 and 30.13) and ethanol fractions (17.78% and 27.03%), and (10.00%and 19.22%) respectively. The dichloromethane fraction were then subjected to: physical examination(color, physical state, TLC analysis and melting point examination), and spectroscopic techniques (IR, GC- MS) were utilized.

Keywords: Isolate, Chloroform,n-hexane, Malassezia, Trichoptyton

THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ARCHITECTURE

Obi Hendrix¹ & Ferdinand F.O. Daminabo²

Department of Architecture,

Rivers State University Nkpolu Oroworukwo, Port -HarcourtE-mail: obihendrix@yahoo.com, ferdydaminabo@yahoo.com

Abstract

Climatic change an extreme global malaise and intractable phenomenon has great impact on buildings and the built environment thus must attract the significance attention from the design and construction experts. Building designs rely on climatic data and other geographic indices, however the unprecedented effects of global warming have dwarfed in significance most historic climatic data which can no longer accurately represent future conditions over the life of a building. In this paper, the investigations of the effect of climate change to the design and safety of high-rise building will be in sharp focus. Climatic factors such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, among others will be examined with regards to their effects on high-rise buildings. It is also concluded that the climatic data used in the designs of building should urgently be reviewed as it may be leading designers to adopt solutions which will be inappropriate for future uses and infrastructural developments within the built environment.

Keywords:         Climate Change, Greenhouse Gas Emission. High-rise Buildings, Temperature, Rainfall, Humidity, Architecture.

DETERMINE THE RADIONUCLIDES IN WATER, ROCKS AND SOIL OF SOME AREAS OF MAIDUGURI METROPOLIS.

E. W. Likta

Department of Physics

University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State. Nigeria.

E-Mail Address:emmalikta2014@gmail.com

Abstract:

The goal of this article is to determine the radionuclide that has been existing which the people are continuously expose to certain amount of radiation which is called background radiation occurring in our environment, the background radiation come from sources such as rocks, soil, water and stone which is mainly due to the small amount of radioactive isotopes which are present in the sources. The instruments used is Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), the method employed in the detection of radiation, the sources and sample collections. The result of water is in mg/l, for soil and rock are in percentage (%). It was revealed that Cu and Cr were not detected in Gneiss but were found in Granite and Basalt.

CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH SLUM SAND THE NEED FOR BETTER HOUSING CONDITIONS IN PORT HARCOURT WATERFRONT

Ofor, Joshua Daniel¹, & Ferdinand F.O.Daminabo²

¹ Rivers State University; Nkpolu Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt. Rivers State, Nigeria

² Rivers State University ; Nkpolu, Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt. Rivers State, Nigeria.

E-mail; oforjo@gmail.com, ferdydaminabo@yahoo.com

Abstract

This paper reviews the state of slums in Port Harcourt and attempt to improve the conditions of living in the waterfront, popularly known as” Waterside”. “Waterside” settlements in the Rivers state especially in the city of Port Harcourt have a long history and tradition and also constitute the astronomical growth in the city’s population. The quest for low income earners looking for cheaper accommodation, lack of residential accommodation and the influx of occupational fishermen from neighbouring communities is said to be responsible for the springing up and expansion of most of these waterside settlements in Port Harcourt. Currently, these waterside settlements have formed part of the City’s landscape, the challenges and problems associated with the waterfront have been worrisome to the government of Rivers State. The effort of the government at different dispensations to deal with these problems had not yielded any good result, right from the government of Dr. Peter Odili, Rt. Hon. Chibuike Ameachi to the present government of Governor Ezenwo Nyesom Wike. The strategies put forward by these different administrations to tackle the problems of the waterfront had met bitter opposition from the residents of the waterfront, and this has caused the government to do little or nothing to this area in terms of infrastructural development. On the other hand the residents of this area which are popularly known as squatters are mindful of the fact that if the government intervenes, they might be rendered homeless since this had happened before in the case of Ndoki Waterfront, Marine base And Aggrey road Waterfront.

USER SATISFACTION IN LOW/MIDDLE INCOME HOUSING, JOS, NIGERIA(A CASE STUDY OF OLD LEGISLATIVE QUARTERS, JOS)

C. Gofwen, S. N. Gaiya, E. O. Ola-Adisa, and Z. Ishaku

Department of Architecture

University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

Email: olaefeadisa@gmail.com

Abstract

This study examined the effect that spatial perception has on residents of low and middle class housing in a housing estate in Jos. Several factors affected spatial perception including sociological needs, psychological state and individual differences. A major factor the study considered was the environment which also influenced human behaviour even as both mental and physical stimuli affected behavioural responses; providing an insight into the relationship between user perceptions of spatial design and satisfaction with the residential units. Using mixed methods, two randomly selected sample populations completed questionnaires concerning the awareness of the influence on spatial design on their behaviour in the residential units in Old Legislative Quarters, Jos. This was achieved using Likert scales in the self-administered questionnaires.  Data was divided into four broad sections, with each section containing variables such as socio-economic data, spatial perception, population and condition as well as the effect of some factors on behaviour.  The qualitative approach was used in the form of the case study approached in order to evaluate the effects of spatial perception on the behaviour of the students. From the findings it was deduced that good architectural design can only be achieved when architects observe and are as interested in the occupants of the buildings they design as the buildings.

Key words: Effects, Human Behaviour, spatial design, user perceptions

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR WORK SPACE EFFICIENCY: THE EFFECTS OF COLOUR

I.  I. Ella, O. Onazi, E. O. Ola-Adisa and T. B. Anthony

Department of Architecture

University of Jos, Jos

Email: olaefeadisa@gmail.com

Abstract:

In order to achieve optimum level of physical and mental comfort, which is the primary aim of Architecture, there is need to harmonise all the interior elements of work spaces which consist of different colours. Colour have been used carelessly in most work spaces, many designers tend to concentrate on other design considerations for workspaces and little or no attention is given to colour as an element of design. Other designers only care about the aesthetic aspect of colour without given attention to the aspect in which the space is designed for as colour affect the mood of people using workspaces. The use of colours in architectural design is very fundamental as lack of colour is impossible because it is like a preponderance of white and grey wall, which is emotionally sterile and usually dangerous. A systematic study of colour, their effects and characteristics in work spaces would be investigated but equal to this, the basic consideration in the application and choice of colours gives clear combination of the use of certain colours in interior design of work space. The proper use of colours in Interior work spaces no doubt has not achieve its proper context. Human comfort has not been really and totally achieved. Various studies have shown that the use of colours in interior work spaces can also be achieved when the basic combination of colours is developed in relation to the character and emotion. Therefore, it has become necessary to study the effects of colours on our emotion in order to make colour choices that best suit people for better productivity, since every colour, image and symbols are best influenced by culture, history and circumstances. This research presents colour as a universal language which is understood and appreciated by everybody, it enlightens on how colour is used to create spaces that fulfill the fantasies as well as the practical needs of workspaces, colour creates atmosphere that also create focal points, change the mood of workspaces, increases and decreases the feeling of spaciousness and also turn dull spaces to dramatic spaces. This research examines the studio and office workspaces of the department of architecture, university of Jos. Both quantitative and qualitative research design is drawn using questionares and field survey, it is aimed at providing theories and findings from studies on colour for  providing a good, sterile, and warmth workspace which can help improve performance of workers on workspaces for better productivity. It is known that colour has a psychological effect on peoples’ mood and behaviour, the choice of colour in a work space goes a long way in determining the productivity or performance of workers, the use of monochrome colours has been adopted by different designers without investigating on the implications of colours on human psychology, monochrome colours gives employees the same kind of mood even if their duties are different, thereby favouring only a particular group of workers. Warm colours keep employee motivated and excited while cool colours keep them relaxed and to be creative. The use of colour should be broadened enough to affect every person as regards to one’s discipline.

Keywords: colour psychology, productivity, worker efficiency, workspace planning

EFFECTS OF SETT SIZE ON THE FIELD ESTABLISHMENT, GROWTH FRESH TUBER YIELD AND YIELD RELATED ATTRIBUTES OF WHITE YAM (Dioseora rotundata)

Ogboi E. and Odeh, H.O

Agricultural Technology Department,

Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro.

Email: ogboied@gmail.com

Abstract

The work to investigate the effect of sett sizes on the field performance of white yam (Dioseorea rotundata) was done in Delta State Polytechnic Demonstration farm, Ozoro between March, 2016 and September 2016. Sett sizes classified into six groups/classes (2.0-5.0g), (5.01-10.0g), (10.01-20.0g), (2.01-30.0g), (30.1-40.0g) and (40.01-50.0g) were used in the experiment. The result indicates that no significant difference exist in average tuber size among three different classes: (2-5.0g), (5.01-10.0g) and (20.01-30.0g). thus it is recommended that sett class of 2.0-5.0grams should be used for multiply seed yam production technology under adequate cultural management.

Keywords: Sett, Class, Adequate, Management.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND SCAVENGING EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LEAF OF TERMINALIACATAPPALINN

¹Umar Dan Azumi,  ¹Tijjani M.AMohammed G.T.²Braimah H.Y.

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

²Department of Pharmacuetical Chemistry, University of Maiduguri.

Email: mustaphatijjani22@yahoo.com

Abstract

Fresh leaf of Terminaliacatappa was collected from Bolori ward Maiduguri Borno state and it was identified by Professor S. S. Sunusi Department of Biological Science Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri. One thousand grammes (1000g) of the powdered leaf of Terminaliacatappa was extracted with methanol using cold infusion (maceration) method. Eighty three point eight two grammes (83.82g) of the dark green in colour gummy in texture of methanol crude extract was obtained, which was further partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water to give n-hexane portion (1.638% ^W/_W), dark green in colour, oily in texture, ethyl acetate portion (0.075% ^W/_W), black in colour, gummy in texture, n-butanol portion (0.777% ^W/_W), brown in colour, oily in texture and finally aqueous portion (2.997% ^W/_W), dark brown in colour, powdered in texture. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanol crude extract and partitioned portions revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites such as cardiac glycoside, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins and alkaloid. The antioxidant activity was carried out on the methanol extract and partitioned portions. The methanol extract showed the percentage inhibitions of 98.25 at 10ug/ml 97.40 at 20µg/ml 96.94 at 30µg/ml 96.63 at 40µg/ml and 97.10 at 50µg/ml, n-butanol portion showed the percentage inhibitions of 95.75 at 10ug/ml 96.40 at 20µg/ml 96.15 at 30µg/ml 96.40 at 40µg/ml and 96.15 at 50µg/ml, n-hexane portion showed the percentage inhibitions of 95.50 at 10ug/ml 95.65 at 20µg/ml 95.80 at 30µg/ml 95.75 at 40µg/ml and 95.75 at 50µg/ml, ethyl acetate portion showed the percentage inhibitions of 78.35 at 10ug/ml 87.65 at 20µg/ml 95.00 at 30µg/ml 94.75 at 40µg/ml and 94.70 at 50µg/ml. Finally aqueous portion showed the percentage inhibitions of 94.40 at 10ug/ml 95.10 at 20µg/ml 96.00 at 30µg/ml 95.50 at 40µg/ml and 96.05 at 50µg/ml. The methanol extract showed promising antioxidant activities at various concentrations when compared with the partitioned portions.