HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF MICHIKA AREA NE NIGERIA

Gabriel Ike Obiefuna, Peter Hassan Sini and AbubakarMaunde

Department of Geology

Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to assess the quality of the shallow groundwater quality of Michika area of Nigeria for irrigation and domestic purposes. Geological mapping revealed the area is underlain by granitic rocks of Pan-African age. These rocks are grouped into three types: coarse grained biotite granites, coarse porphyritic granites and medium grained granites which are intruded by the new basaltic rocks of Tertiary age. Forty water samples collected from wells tapping shallow aquifer were used. Chemical analyses were performed in the laboratory employing standard methods viz Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry for cations and conventional titration for anions. In addition ions in milligram per liter were converted to mill equivalent per liter and anions balanced against cations as a control check of the reliability of the analyzed results. The analyzed chemical parameters were interpreted and the result revealed that most of the samples are slightly acidic to alkaline, largely soft with fairly low to moderate concentrations of dissolved solids that fall within the international limits for domestic purposes. However, the concentration of iron and nitrate in less than 1% and 25% respectively is higher than the maximum acceptable concentration of 0.3 mg/l and 10 mg/l respectively and should be treated before use. The hydro geochemistry of the study area indicate two water type that is Ca-mg-HC0₃ and Na-C0₃ for both hand dug well and boreholes Thus most of the samples will neither cause salinity hazards nor have an adverse effect on the soil properties and are mostly suitable for domestic and irrigation purposes.

Keywords; groundwater quality, geological mapping, chemical analyses, Michika Area, NE Nigeria

EXAMINATION OF STATE OF REPAIR OF BUILDINGS IN PRIVATE HOUSING ESTATES IN ENUGU METROPOLIS, ENUGU STATE NIGERIA

Umeora, Chukwunonso Obiefuna

Department of Architecture,

Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Campus, Anambra State

Email: co.umeora@coou.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

The private sector in housing provision continually take steps towards addressing part of the problem of cushioning the effect of housing shortage in Nigeria by establishing housing estates since government alone cannot provide housing for everyone. This research examined and reported findings from a research conducted on the state of repair of buildings in private housing estates in Enugu metropolis, Enugu state Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to: examine the physical conditions of the building fabrics and appraise the performance of infrastructural services provided in the buildings. Questionnaire was used as research instrument to elicit data from respondents. Stratified sampling of the estates based on building type was adopted as sampling method for this study.Findings from the research show that the state of repair of most buildings require minor repairs to make them fit for habitation and sound to ensure well-being of the residents. In addition, four independent variables from the nine independent variables investigated, significantly explained residual variation in the dependent variable – state of repair of the buildings in the study area. These variables are: Average Monthly Income of Residents (AMIR), Length of Stay of the Residents in the estates (LSY), Type of Wall Finishes on the buildings (TWF) and Time Taken to Respond to Resident’s complaints by the estate managers (TTRC). With this, linear model was established for predicting the state of repair of buildings in private housing estates in the study area. This would assist in identifying variables that are lucid in predicting state of repair of the buildings.

Keywords: Building, housing estate, private, repair, state

HARNESSING THE USE OF DAY LIGHTING AS A MEANS FOR ENERGY SAVING TECHNIQUES IN ART MUSEUMS

Adeniji, Philip A, and Imaah Ono Napoleon

Department of Architecture

Rivers State University, Nkpolu- Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Email: gentle619@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Museums are places of natural and human creativity as well as history. The aim of museums is to provide examples of each classification available for a field of knowledge. Museums employ two main strategies for its lighting which includes: daylighting and artificial lighting. This study was able to identify and discuss the different daylighting systems, and the existing museums which used daylighting were analysed properly to see how daylighting was harnessed in their respective internal spaces. The research methodology used for this research work includes case studies and extensive literature reviews. Deductions from these case studies showed the various natural lighting techniques used which include clerestory windows, luminous ceilings and cove luminaires. All of these played a major role in harnessing daylight in the museums studied. In the course of research, Lighting is significant in museum artifact display, as it helps with the interaction between the artifact and the human in a defined space. Daylighting, as it is significant to the artifact, if not properly controlled, can cause discomfort in the eyes of the observer, at the same time be destructive to the objects on display. Other methods used for introducing daylighting into the spaces include the use of diffuse lighting throughLuminous ceilings,skylights, cove luminaires and also clerestory windows which help light reflects deeper into the exhibition halls. The design parameters and considerations indicate that buildings using these methods use less energy to lighten up their spaces, at the same time improving visibility and appreciation of artifacts.

Keywords: Museums, Artifact, Day lighting, Energy saving, Cove luminaires, Luminous.

STRATEGIES OF EFFECTIVE MOISTURE CONTROL IN THE DESIGN OF AN AQUACULTURE CENTRE.

Inyang, Anietie Edem and P. B Uchenna

Department of Architecture,

Faculty of Environmental Sciences,

Rivers State University, Npkolu, Oruworukwo Port Harcourt

Email: ishonti@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

It is well ascertained that for water to penetrate a wall, this three conditions must be true at the same time and location: Water on the surface of the wall, An opening through which water may pass, Any one of five external forces which include surface tension, momentum, air pressure differences, gravity flow and capillary action. Capillary Action (Capillarity) is the movement of water (or any liquid) through a tube. Moisture which is the relative amount of water vapor contained is the air is generated through several source and cause lot of harsh effect on the building and its content. Possible strategies that will mitigate this effect are what this paper seek to highlight and resolve critically by emphasising the possible guidelines that will that will mitigate regular occurrence.Keywords: Relative Humidity, Moisture control, Capillary action Mitigation

DESIGN FOR MAINTAINABILITY

Oodee, Ledum Magnus and Owajionyi L. Frank

Department of Architecture

                          Faculty of Environmental Sciences                         

Rivers State University, Npkolu, Oruworukwo Port Harcourt

Email:ledumski@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Buildings are meant to complete their service life before undergoing deterioration, but this has become a mirage in the building lifecycle because of negligence in the careful conceptualization of designs. Design for maintainability, with emphasis on access to maintenance deals with creating proper designs that will incorporate accessibility that will enhance and enable maintenance. This will mitigate building defects, combat inappropriate and buildings that are not conceptually sustainable in designs and thereafter increase the maintenance culture of buildings in Nigeria. The negligence of the subject matter has caused buildings to encounter multiple defects, deterioration, and obsolescence in edifice that would have served their functions completely before the end of their service-life. Therefore, this paper seeks to adopt an analytical approach through the comparism of related journals, books to resolving this ever-trending challenge in the building and construction sector.

Keywords: Design maintainability, building life cycle, sustainability, accessibility.

DESIGN OF A CONTROLLER ENABLING PRECISE POSITIONING AND SWAY REDUCTION IN CRANES WITH ON/OFF ACTUATION

Titiloye Stephen Oyediran&TitiloyeYetundeAdebimpe

Department of Electrical Engineering

 Federal Polytechnic, Bida.

Abstract

Precise manipulation of payloads is difficult with large cranes. Oscillation can be induced into the lightly damped system by motion of the overhead support point, or from environmental disturbances. A combined feedback and input shaping controller is presented here.  The controller uses feedback to detect and compensate for positioning error in the overhead support unit (e.g. the bridge or trolley), and input shaping is used to negate motion-induced oscillation in the payload. The controller is implemented on a 10-ton bridge crane at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The controller generates simple on-off commands, suitable for typical cranes that employ on-off, relay-driven motors. The controller achieves good positioning accuracy, and significant payload sway reduction.

Keywords: Input Shaping, Command Shaping, Crane Control, Automation, Oscillation Control, Anti-Sway