AN EXPLORATIVE STUDY ON THE SUITABILITY OF SESAME PLANT MUCILAGE (SESAMUM INDICUM) AS ADMIXTURE IN CONCRETE

¹Zakka, P.W, ³Bako, W, ⁴Yohanna, H.S, ²Bang, D.P, ¹Agboju, S.E, ¹Goh, D.J., ¹Williams, F.N., ¹Okala, D.E., and ¹Alaku, P.O

¹Department of Building, University of Jos, Nigeria.

²Nigerian Film Corporation (NFC), Jos, Nigeria.

³ECWA College of Health Technology Kagoro

⁴Department of Building Technology, Bells University of technology, Ota

ABSTRACT

Concrete’s durability and strength are the most important features of structural design and are required for compliance in the construction industry. Ordinary concrete may not meet the desired quality, strength, or durability in certain circumstances. Admixture is used in these situations to change the properties of ordinary concrete to make it more suitable for any situation. The suitability of sesamum mucilage as an admixture in concrete was investigated in this research along with its chemical composition and specific gravity which was calculated to be 2.25. A mix ratio of 1:1.84:2.88, water cement ratio of 0.60 and a target mean strength of 20.65 was used. Concrete cubes, Cylinders and Beams were cast, in which sesamum mucilage was added in 0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. 0%(control) had a slump of 35mm and a compacting factor of 0.95 which makes it workability low, 1% had a slump of 10mm and a compacting factor of 0.89 which makes it workability very low, 1.5% had a slump of 4mm and a compacting factor of 0.89 which makes it workability also very low while 2% had a slump of 58mm and a compacting factor of 0.95 which makes it workability low. Results for the hardened properties of concrete made with sesamum mucilage in 0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% at 28 days of hydration were found to be 0%(28.00N/mm²), 1%(31.30N/mm²), 1.5%(32.20N/mm²) and 2%(30.80N/mm²) for the compressive strength, 0%(3.34N/mm²), 1%(3.39N/mm²), 1.5%(3.77N/mm²) and 2%(3.50N/mm²) for the split tensile strength test, 0%(4.33N/mm²), 1%(5.42N/mm²), 1.5%(6.33N/mm²) and 2%(5.58N/mm²) for the flexural strength test. However, for the rate of water absorption, all the concrete specimen made with sesamum mucilage have low water absorption capacity compared to the plain concrete with result of 0%(4.93%), 1%(4.52%), 1.5%(3.52%) and 2%(3.69%). Concrete specimen subjected to heat at 1000^oC had a result of 0%(5.30N/mm²), 1%(5.50 N/mm²), 1.5%(6.70 N/mm²) and 2%(5.70 N/mm²). There was a general increase in the strength properties of concrete which includes compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and compressive strength of concrete cubes after being subjected to heat at different temperature due to increase in percentage content of the sesamum mucilage and increase in the hydration period. However, 2% had a slight decrease in strength, it was still higher than 0% and 1% but not high as 1.5%. This study shows that sesamum plant

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PIGEON PEA [CAJANUS CAJAN (L.) MILLSP.] TREATED WITH SODIUM AZIDE AND GAMMA RADIATION

¹Mathew, B. A, ²Louis, U. ³A. A. Omachi, ⁴Ibrahim, A.A. & ⁵Mohammed, R.O.

^1*5Department of Integrated Science, ^{3 5}Department of Chemistry, ^{2 & 4 5}Department of Biology

^{1,3 & 4}Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa, Nigeria

²Federal College of Education, Katsina, Nigeria

⁵Kogi State College of Education Technical, Kabba, Nigeria

E-mail; matthewaledare44@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the morphological responses of pigeon pea Cajanus cajan (L) Millspaugh to treatments with sodium azide and gamma radiation. This was performed by exposing the seeds of landraces pigeon pea to gamma rays at Centre for Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, ABUTH, Zaria at doses of 0(control), 50, 100, 150 and 200Gy. These seeds were further treated with sodium azide (NaN₃) concentrations at 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04% SA, giving a total of 25 treatments. The growth parameters were recorded at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 Weeks After Planting (WAP). The parameters measured include germination percentage, Leaf and branch number, plant height and root length. The result of these treatments showed a symmetric reduction in germination percentage with respect to most of the mutagenic treatments. There was a higher leaf number with those that received 100Gy + 0.03% SA (41.93 leaves). Also, the branch number of treated plants showed an increase over the R0A0 (control) treatment; Similarly, the mean comparison of the plant height presented showed 150Gy + 0.02% SA (190.93 cm), produced the highest plant height and data recorded on root length indicated that the highest root length due to 100Gy + 0.01% SA (43.13 cm), was significantly higher than those of other treatments. It is, therefore, concluded that the two mutagens affected the pigeon pea plant population morphologically as prominent Tall, High yield, Early flowering and profusely branchingmutants were observed by exposing pigeon pea to single and combined treatments of gamma ray (50Gy – 150Gy) and Sodium azide (0.01% – 0.04%).

Keywords: Pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan, sodium azide, gamma radiation, seed germination, root length, plant height, morphological response, mutagenic treatment.

A STUDY OF WAYFINDING AND CIRCULATION IN MALL DESIGN

Ihunwo Wisdom Chiyeruigo & Anthony Dornubari Enwin

Department of Architecture

Faculty of Environmental Sciences

Rivers State University, Npkolu, Oruworukwo, Port Harcourt

Email: ihunwowisdom@gmail.com, PG.2018/00550

ABSTRACT

Malls are places where the influx of people is on the high side especially during peaks periods or festive seasons. Therefore, in other to avoid stampede during exit and entering of mall design, is imperative that every section of the mall should have a defining way that can allow easy identification. To this end, proper movement within and around this facility should be kept simple and should be made easy for users to find their way through this facility. This Journal therefore seeks to examine and highlight through the use of secondary data the possible ways wayfinding and circulation can be enhanced in mall designs.

Keywords: Wayfinding, Circulation, Mall Design, Movement.

MULTI-LEVEL PARKING FOR SHOPPING MALLS IN PORT HARCOURT

TAMUNOSEIPRIALA Noble Okumgba

Department of Architecture

Post Graduate School, Rivers State University, Nigeria

Email: nob4fresh@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Due to the socio-economic advantages of shopping malls and the rise of the middle class and advancement in the retail sector of Nigeria, the development of shopping malls has been on the increase in Nigeria. While locating shopping malls in city centres on the positive achieve high visibility and accessibility, on the negative it attracts heavy traffic, which congests the transportation network and also generates a high number of accidents due to the necessarily large number of turns. Addressing this challenge is to use alternative parking to surface parking in shopping malls. Owing to the topographic and climatic condition of Port Harcourt metropolis, multilevel parking is best alternative to address the traffic congestion created by shopping mall traffic.

APPRAISAL OF SPATIAL FLEXIBILITY PRINCIPLES IN THE DESIGN OF SKILL/ VOCATIONAL CENTRES

AMIEOFORI, Awajiowa Micah

Department of Architecture

Rivers State University, Npkolu, Oruworukwo, Port Harcourt

Email: Micah101.ma@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

In recent times, the growth of spaces to accommodate diverse functions and still maintain viability to accommodate future needs is one of the major challenges in architectural design. However, the flexibility to define architecture in some words is difficult. This is partly due to the opinion that each space has the potential of flexibility. The flexbility can be created by designing in spatial layout or choosing space users. The users of a space can use the space they have for their intended functionThe need to use spaces for multiple functions has ensured that flexible spaces in skill acquisition centers are designed such that the spaces can easily be varied into smaller discrete and scalable size. Spatial flexibility is a term. Therefore, this paper brings into a limelight through secondary data analysis, the related article, and reviews the principles and necessity of keeping a space flexible and still attain it functions optimally.

Keywords, Spatial, Flexibility, Skill Acquisition, Adaptability.

MAXIMUM SECURITY CORRECTIONAL FACILITY: DESIGNING FOR ANTI-VANDALISM AND PRISON BREAK

Nwanyanwu Confidence Ahunanya

Department of Architecture

Rivers State University, Npkolu, Oruworukwo, Port Harcourt

Email: dumtan.3@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

It has been observed that over the years, the challenges in the Nigerian Criminal Justice System have taken its toll on conditions in the prisons. Issues of congestion, infrastructural decay, lack of recreational facilities, access to justice, etc., have greatly impacted on the role of the institution. This in turn has had negative impacts on the inward mates as all they desire is a means of exit as the environment does not encourage safe livelihood. To this end, there is high need for this facility to be designed with the inert thought of making building materials self-protective in other to avoid hard impact that comes from hard inmates actions from causing damage or vandalism and for other facilities that will encourage prisoners serve their terms peacefully. Therefore, this paper through a careful analysis of secondary data journal and reviews examines possible methods that will reduce possible causes of vandalization of structure which can in-turn escape and prevent prison break and furthermore seeks highlight design condiderations that will prevent building escape and vandalism.

Keywords: Priso Break, Vandalism, inmates, Anti-vandalism.