ETHICAL CLIMATE, JOB PRESSURE, AND COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR AMONG FACULTY MEMBERS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF NEUTRALIZATION

¹Michael Olalekan Adeoti, ¹Emmanuel Adesola Oluremi, ¹Azubuike Aham Samuel & ²Kabiru Maitama Kura

¹Department of Business Administration and Management

Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State, Nigeria

²UTB School of Business

University of Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410

Brunei Darussalam

ABSTRACT: Extant research linking ethical climate and job pressure to counterproductive work behaviour have consistently yielded significant results. However, the psychological mechanism that underlies the relationships between ethical climate, job pressure and counterproductive work behaviour remains unclear. We addressed this knowledge gap by examining the mediating role of neutralization in the relationships between ethical climate, job pressure and counterproductive work behaviour. The proposed model was tested by applying variance-based structural equation modelling to data collected from 356 academic faculty members of two ethnically diverse public universities in Nigeria. As expected, the results showed that both ethical climate and job pressure were significant predictors of counterproductive work behaviour. Additionally, the results established that the relationships between ethical climate and counterproductive work behaviour is mediated by neutralization. In the same vein, the results showed that job pressure triggers neutralization, which in turn, predicts counterproductive work behaviour.

Keywords: Ethical climate, job pressure, counterproductive work behaviour, neutralization

Table of Contents

Feeling of Reduced Personal Accomplishment: Strain-Based Work-Family Conflict as a

Correlate

Ejike A.O.                                                                                                                                 1 – 12

The Mirage of Rural Development in Nigeria

Laah, D.E., Abba, M., Ishaya, D.S. and Gana J.N.                                                                      13 – 26

The Role of Marital Stress and Gender in Depression among Parents with Mentally

Retarded Children

Hyacinth E. Mgbenkemdi                                                                                                        27 – 34

Boosting Revenue Generation and Economic Development in Borno State through

Improved Taxpayer Compliance

Asur R. and Nkereuwem, A.P.                                                                                                  35 – 46

Repositioning Western Education for Sustainable National Development in

Contemporary Nigeria

Ele Samson                                                                                                                              47 – 55

The Political Economy of Criminality along Nigeria-Benin Republic Borders and

Worsening Insecurity in Nigeria

 Ahmed, L.E. and Chilaka, F.C.                                                                                                 56 – 78

The Effects of Parental Divorce on Socialization in Benue State

Sambe N., Kyernum N. and Abanyam, N.L.                                                                             79 – 89

Local Governance and Public Goods: Some Lessons from the British Local

Government System

Olayiwola, A.R.O.                                                                                                                    90 – 118

The Indigene-Ship Question and Its Implication on the Socio-Economic Development

of Nigeria

Kyernum, N. and Agba, A.S.                                                                                                     119 – 130

An Evaluation of African Union (AU) and the Protection of Human Rights (1990- 2012)

Matawal A.B.                                                                                                                           131 – 142

Non Governmental Organizations and National Development

Anure Joseph .K.                                                                                                                      143 – 151

NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Anure, Joseph .K.

Department of Academic Planning and Performance

Fidei Polytechnic, Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria.

E-mail: kanure@yahoo.com

Abstract: As humanity enters the third millennium Nigeria is bewildered by myriads of economic, political and social problems, which show either no or very little sign of diminishing. The country is plagued by economic depression, political instability, rising ethnic tension, kidnapping, religious conflicts, social malice, inflation, appalling corruption as a system and failure of democracy and state responsibility to citizen. A major issue for the country and the masses is the issue of endemic poverty, which is a denial of fundamental human rights and underdevelopment in all sectors of the economy. The United Nations has set up 8 Millennium Development goals and all its agencies are working towards the achievement of such goals. In Nigeria also the target of development has been shifted from 2000 to 2015. Many organizations have committed themselves as development partners both internally and internationally this paper looks at the importance of non-governmental organizations in the national development of Nigeria. NGOs should contribute to the development of Nigeria by investing in education, agriculture, housing, roads constructions, and health and human services.

AN EVALUATION OF AFRICAN UNION (AU) AND THE PROTECTION

OF HUMAN RIGHTS (1990- 2012)

Matawal A.B.

Department of Political Science

University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

E-mail: matawaladams@yahoo.com

Abstract: The paper attempts the evaluation of the African Union as a multilateral organization at fifty (50) since its establishment in 1963 as Organization of African Union, until its transformation to AU in 2002. Its activities cover political, social, economic, and security issues as well as harnessing the natural and human resources, social issues, harnessing of the entire-continent for the total advancement of the people. However, despite this laudable role, the issue of human rights protection in the continent has continued to be a critical concern for citizens of the continent. This indeed might be responsible the continent’s inability to attain political and economic independence and to compete favorably with other continents of the world. Apart from achieving freedom for the continent, the Union has not been able to protect the rights of its teaming populace as encapsulated in the African Charter. This has generated series of violent conflicts across the continent thereby obstructing the desired political and economic integration for over half a century. The researcher utilized the normative method of analysis to describe the state of human rights in Africa and the role the AU has played in the protection of these rights. It was observed that human rights in Africa have been so violated, as most of the political leaders have perpetuated their stay in power against the will of the people. Thus, the dissatisfied citizens have responded by not only disrespecting the state but by rather taking up arms against it, as is witnessed in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Nigeria, etc.  Finally, the researcher made recommendations and then drew conclusion.

THE INDIGENE-SHIP QUESTION AND ITS IMPLICATION ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA 

¹Kyernum, N. and ²Agba, A.S.

^1&2Department of Sociology

University of Mkar, Mkar.

E-mail: nguverenkyernum@gmail.com, agbasolomon55@gmail.com

Abstract: The Nigeria constitution makes provision for her citizens to live and secure means of livelihood, own property and enjoy other opportunities without discrimination in any part of the country. However, it appears the desire to eliminate others from certain privileges within a given geographical area under the auspices of  ‘non-indigene-ship‘ raises its ugly head, this is made manifest  in the recognition of  non-indigenes at various levels; states, local governments, districts, clans, and sometimes even kinship groups. This leads to discrimination in different aspects ranging from job opportunities, admission opportunities, access to arable land and other economic opportunities. Using a library research approach and critical observation the paper applies the critical theory of race and racism to clarify the concepts of indigene, settler, and national development. It examines the socio-economic implication of indigene/settler relationship on the development of Nigeria and concludes that, national development will be better achieved with practical unity and co-operation. Suggestion are made among others that, all  policies leading to discrimination against Nigerian citizens be abandoned to make room for full utilization of human and natural resources to ensure development.

LOCAL GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC GOODS: SOME LESSONS FROM THE

BRITISH LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM

Olayiwola, A.R.O.

Department of Political Science

Lagos State University (LASU), Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria.

E-mail: nusramurana@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as amended) guarantees the system of Local Government by democratically elected Local Government Councils. The Law that ensures the existence of such councils should provide for their establishment, structure, composition, finance and functions. In the same vein, the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution enumerates the functions to be conferred by Law upon Local Government Councils. Such main functions include the participation of councils in the Government of a State as respects: (a)The provision and maintenance of primary, adult and vocational education; (b)The development of agriculture and natural resources and (c)The provision and maintenance of health services, to mention just a few. This paper on Local Governance and Public Goods contends that Local Government System in Nigeria has abysmally failed to comply with the constitutional provisions as well as in the performance of stipulated functions for the benefit of local populace. Despite the propaganda on the Local Government Reform, the grass root Local Governance with the expected public goods and where the people in the locality can identify and solve their local problems without external interference are yet to be realized. The paper compares and contrasts the Nigerian Local Government System with/to that of Britain and submits that although, the British system itself is not perfect, nevertheless, there are lessons to be learnt in Local Governance and Public Goods, especially, on the performance of functions, the financing, composition, structure, establishment and general services of the Local Government Councils.

THE EFFECTS OF PARENTAL DIVORCE ON SOCIALIZATION IN BENUE STATE

¹Sambe N., ²Kyernum N. and ³Abanyam, N.L.

^1,2&3Department of Sociology

University of Mkar, Mkar, Benue State, Nigeria.

E-mail:  ngutors@gmail.com

Abstract: The paper investigates the impact of parental divorce on socialization in Benue State using premarital birth and educational attainment as indices. Simple random probability sampling technique was used in the selection of 300 samples in the three zones of the state while percentages and chi-square was used in analysis of data as the study adopted Economic deprivation theory. There was a significant relationship between divorce and pre-marital birth as a significant relationship was found between divorce and educational attainment. It was concluded that divorce has a negative impact on socialization in the state. The study recommends for implementation of policies to improve access to education by children of divorced parents; need for couples to settle their difference peacefully; more efforts by social welfare authorities to manage marital problem; statutory provisions for parents to mutually assume responsibility of their children’s education during divorce and advocacy on dangers associated with divorce.

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CRIMINALITY ALONG NIGERIA-BENIN REPUBLIC BORDERS AND WORSENING INSECURITY IN NIGERIA

¹Ahmed, L.E. and ^2*Chilaka, F.C.

¹Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

^2*Department of Political Science, Renaissance University, Ugbawka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

E-mail: ahmedlukmandr@gmail.com, chigozielaski@gmail.com

Abstract: Most of the problems of African countries lie within the issue of boundary disputes. African states were at the eve of independence arbitrarily partitioned with artificial boundaries by the colonial masters. To say that an appreciable percentage of countries within the continent are faced with the challenge of porous borders, which allows different kinds of illegal trans-border activities to thrive, is to say the least. The aim of this article is to examine the political economy of cross border criminality between Nigeria and the Benin Republic. Hence, the objective of this article is to interrogate if there is any relationship between the Nigeria-Benin cross-border crimes, and the worsening security situation in Nigeria. The analysis was anchored on the political economy theory. This is because the production of material subsistence of the society determines its corresponding superstructure. Thus, as the capitalist mode of social production and distribution intensifies, crimes and insecurity, and other related issues deepen. The article relied extensively on secondary sources of data, using qualitative descriptive analysis. After a critical analysis of available data and evidence, the article revealed that there is a relationship between Nigeria-Benin Cross-border crimes, and the worsening security situation in Nigeria. In fact, the Boko Haram menace in Nigeria has been linked to several neighbouring African countries like Chad, Niger and Benin Republic. The article recommended, among other measures, that there is need for Nigeria to strengthen exiting joint border control commissions with the Benin Republic and, by extension, other neighbouring countries (i.e., Niger, Chad and Cameroon), to fight trans-border crimes. The Nigerian government should also guarantee appropriate national control measures, such as appropriate legislation and regulatory actions, upgrade skills in crime investigation, and enforcement techniques, and equip all law enforcement agencies adequately.

THE ROLE OF MARITAL STRESS AND GENDER IN DEPRESSION AMONG PARENTS WITH MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN

Hyacinth E. Mgbenkemdi

Department of Psychology

Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.

E-mails: iamejike@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: This study examined the role of Marital Stress and gender in depression among parents with mentally retarded children. Twenty seven (27) parents comprising 11 males and 16 females were drawn from Evami Special School Independence Layout, Enugu for the study. Cross- section Survey was used. Omoluabi (1994) 50-item Marital Stress Inventory and Radloff (1977) 20-item (CES-D scale) Center for Epidemiological Study Depression scale validated by Okafor (1997) with reliability index scoring of 0.85, Ugwu (1998) with concurrent validity index scoring of 0.41 and Omeje (2000) with reliability and validity index scoring of 0.85 and 0.92 respectively measuring depression in a general population were administered. 2×2 Analysis of Variance F-test as statistical test revealed no significant influence of marital stress on depression, F (1, 23) = 0.14 at P> .05. Gender, also, did not influence depression, F (1, 23) = 0.41 at P> .05. It was concluded that marital stress and gender as independent and interacting factors had no role in depression among this sample of parents with mentally retarded children.

FEELING OF REDUCED PERSONAL ACCOMPLISHMENT: STRAIN-BASED

WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT AS A CORRELATE

Ejike A.0.

Department of Psychology

Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.

E-mail: aejyke@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study investigated strain-based work-family conflict as correlate of feeling of reduced personal accomplishment among married female teachers with children. A total of 304 female secondary school teachers between the ages of 26 to 54 years (M= 40.37 and SD =4.09) with educational qualifications ranging from National Certification of Education to Masters of Education Degree were drawn from 24 Government Secondary Schools within Enugu, the capital city of Enugu State in the South-eastern part of Nigeria using criterion sampling technique. A 6-item strain-based work interference with family and 4-item strain-based family interference with work scales drawn from Okonkwo (2011) 32-item Work-Family Conflict Scale, and 8-item feeling of reduced personal accomplishment scale drawn from Maslach and Jackson (1986) 22-item Burnout Inventory were administered. Correlational design was used. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used as statistical test for data analysis. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between strain-based work interference with family and feeling of reduced personal accomplishment, r (302) = 0.18, p <.01. Also, a significant positive relationship between family interference with work and feeling of reduced personal accomplishment, r (302) = 0.14, p <.01.