FALLACY: A MAJOR CAUSE FOR THE UNENDING BOKO HARAM TERRORISM IN NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA

Ishaku Hamidu

Department of Political Science,

Federal University of Kashere, Gombe State

Email: hamidushaks002@gmail.com

Abstract:

Jama’atual Alhi-sunna Lid Da’awat Wal-Jihad (Boko Haram) started as a normal Islamic religious movement but later transformed itself into radical and militant organization after the 2009 upheaval in Maiduguri. The activities of this group has consumed several lives and properties, affected national and regional security as well as socioeconomic developments. The effort by the Nigerian authorities to halt the advances of the group seems to be fruitless; but instead, the group has become a terrorist organization, operating even beyond the shores of Nigeria. This paper formulates and adopted fallacy theory as a major cause for the unending or lingering terrorism in North-east Nigeria. The paper recommends that speaking the truth by individual and institution; boosting positive chain of communication vertically and horizontally, as well as making pragmatic resolutions base on the factual knowledge acquired are panacea for preventing or ending the Boko Haram terrorism.

Keywords: Fallacy; Boko Haram; Terrorism; North-east and Communication

HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION AND WELFARE

IN EGBA DIVISION OF OGUN STATE

¹Akerele, E. O.,¹Oyebanjo O., ¹Ologbon O.A.C, ¹Taiwo B. O., ²Yangomodou O.D., ²Solana O. I., ²Olugbemi M. T.

¹Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management

²Department of Home Science and Hospitality Management

Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, Ogun State, Nigeria

E-mail: akereleeze@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The study examined the welfare and household food consumption among households in Egba division of Ogun State, Nigeria with a view to providing policy information towards improving welfare condition of the Egbas, using a well-structured questionnaire and sample size of 130 households. Standard welfare function was specified and estimated using Ordinary Least Square Regression. The study revealed that the monthly per capital income of the household is N9,623.27 while the monthly per capital food and non food expenditure was N5,949.7 and N1,768.25respectively. Similarly, with respect to household welfare, household income, education and household size have significant impact on food expenditure. The result indicated that as household income increases, household tends to expend more and more on food consumption. On the basis of this finding, it was recommended that appropriate and effective policies which will reduce household size, increase household income and improve their education level should be put in place

Keyword: Household, Welfare, Consumption, Income, Education

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF TOMATO MARKETING IN ILE-IFE, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

*Ojedokun A. O.¹, Yesufu O. A.² Ayorinde V. A.² and Ogunmola O. O.³

¹Department of Agriculture, Lagos State University, Epe Campus, Nigeria

²Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife ³Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Bowen University, Iwo,

Email: adifferentpiece@gmail.com, Corresponding author: Ojedokun A. O.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to analyse the economics of tomato marketing in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from a total of 100 tomato marketers using multistage sampling technique. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study revealed that the mean age of tomato marketers was 43 years and that tomato marketing was female-dominated. The cost and return analysis showed that tomato marketing in Ile-Ife, Osun State is marginally profitable. The result also revealed marital status, household size, marketing experience, selling price and transportation costs as the factors influencing gross margin of tomato marketers. The study therefore recommended that adequate transportation should be provided for tomato marketers to reduce marketing costs and necessary pricing policies should be put in place.

Keywords: Economic, Tomato, Marketing, Determinants, Ile-Ife

IMPACT OF LAND USE ACT ON CONSTRUCTION DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: A CASE FOR JOS

Nimlyat, P. S¹., Gwatau, D.,¹ Ega, I. J.²

¹Department of Architecture, University of Jos                                                                      ²Department of building, Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba

E-mail: pontipn@unijos.edu.ng, ponscapeconsult@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study is aimed at determining the impact of Land Use Act on construction development in Jos, Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to investigate the Land Use Act impact on construction development and identify ways of facilitating land acquisition in order to enhance construction development. A sampled questionnaire was administered and the resulting data analyzed using simple percentage method. Form the study, it was discovered that the Land Use Act has serious impact on construction development in Nigeria, with individual land ownership becoming possible. Delay in commencing construction development is caused by delay in processing land documents and building plan approval. It is recommended that, the Land Use Act should be revised to eliminate the difficulties encounter in acquiring land for construction development purposes.

Keywords:Construction Development, Impact, Individuals, Land Use Act

FUNCTIONAL LITERACY NEEDS OF MARKET WOMEN IN NSUKKA MAIN MARKET OF NSUKKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE

Ugwoegbu, I.T.; Adebola, H.E.; Ewelum, J.N. and Madu, K. O.

Department of Adult Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State

E-mail: ugwoegbuifeanyi@yahoo.com; helenadebola95@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The title of the paper is functional literacy needs of market women in Nsukka main market of Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State. Functional literacy refers to the type of literacy linked with economic, technical, vocational, occupational or job skills and acquired in the context of such skills. The purpose of the study was therefore to find out the educational needs, family management needs and social life needs of the market women. The study was a survey design. The market was divided into ten lines from which 225 women were selected out of the 446 women who are registered owners of the stalls in Nsukka main market. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire made up of 17 items structured in a five point likert type scale. The questionnaire was subjected to validation by three experts. Crombach Alpha reliability co-efficient was applied to find out the internal consistency. The reliability obtained was 0.75 which shows the appropriateness of the questionnaire. Data collected was analysed using mean scores. The findings among others show that there is need to give functional literacy to the market women in Nsukka main market. The study showed that market women in Nsukka require educational needs, family management needs and social life needs to be able to function effectively in their daily endeavours. Based on the findings, recommendations were made among others that functional literacy programmes should be organized for market women in Nsukka main market in order for them to be functionally effective in their communities and society at large.

Keywords: functional literacy, market women, educational needs, family needs, social life needs

DETERMINATIONS OF INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES ON WATER QUALITY IN FUFORE AREA, NORTHEASTERN NIGERIA

J.M. Ishaku, G.I. Obiefuna, and A. Al-Farisu

Department of Geology

Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The paper discusses the determinations of influence of geology and anthropogenic activities on water quality in Fufore area, northeastern Nigeria. 20 water samples were collected from ground -water and surface water. The analytical results revealed average values as pH 7.1, EC 461.0 µS/cm,  Ca²⁺ 9.71 mg/l,  Mg 48.4 mg/l,  Na⁺ 22.7 mg/l, K⁺ 7.1 mg/l, SO₄^2- 21.1 mg/l, Cl^– 3.0 mg/l, HCO₃^– 221.4 mg/l, others include NO₃^– 21.1 mg/l, PO₄^– 0.1 mg/l, Fe³⁺ 0.8 mg/l, Mn²⁺ 0.2 mg/l,  Cu²⁺ 0.1 mg/l and total hardness (TH) 140.2mg/l. The mean values are below the WHO maximum permissible limit. The coliform number counts which range from 4 to too numerous to count (TNTC) exceeded the WHO recommended limit. The mean concentrations of the cations and anions were in the order of abundance as Ca²⁺>mg²⁺>Na⁺>Fe³⁺ and HCO₃^–>NO₃^–>SO₄^2->Cl^–. The statistical correlations using Pearson correlation between the chemical parameters range from 0.56 to 0.99 indicating moderate to strong positive correlation. The plots of log TDS against Na/(Na+Ca) ratio suggests precipitation induced chemical weathering along with dissolution of rock forming minerals which have contributed in the modification of the water chemistry. Chemical data on the trilinear diagram indicate Ca- (Mg)-HCO₃ and Ca-Mg-SO₄-Cl facies in the groundwater samples while the surface water indicated Ca-(Mg)-HCO₃ and Na-HCO₃. The water quality is unsuitable for human consumption without treatment due to bacteriological pollution. The groundwater quality is good for industrial applications based on total hardness (TH), iron and manganese concentrations while the surface water may not be suitable for some industrial applications due to high iron concentration. The water quality is good for agricultural activities as SAR, Ec, and TDS fall below the recommended standards. TDS values, ranging from 200 to 500mg/l is considered good for agricultural activities.

KEYWORDS: Anthropogenic. Geology, Minerals, Chemical, Nigeria.

DEVELOPMENT OF STOCHASTIC SIMULATOR OF CONTINUOUS REVIEW (R,Q) INVENTORY POLICY WITH DEMAND LEAD TIME AND RATIONING

Ugochukwu C. Okonkwo, and Sam Nna Omenyi  

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

ABSTRACT

Inventory demands categorized into classes of service differentiation are often avoided by researchers, because of the varieties of interacting variables which such research entails. In this paper, however, a model of a continuous review (r,Q) inventory policy having service differentiation of  demands was developed, with complete graphical user interface and digital tracing. In this study, composite stepwise two dimensional graphical representation of the model was formulated, which captured the stochastic demands and stepwise state transitions of the system. The inverse transform algebraic method was applied for the generation of random numbers while next event method was used for the time advancement of the simulation clock. Traces and structured walk through were utilized for the verification of the stochastic simulation models. Batch mean method was used in determining the confidence intervals of the simulation model, with 10⁵ run time and 100 replications. The developed model results were validated with the case study ANAMMCO data. On the average a savings of 18.51% demands in comparison with the conventional models was found, which indeed will result in huge cost savings in absolute terms. Beyond that, the insights from this model will increase the overall efficiency of spare parts inventory control.

Keywords: Simulation, Service Differentiation, Spare Parts Inventory, Rationing

PROXIMATE, FUNCTIONAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF ‘’OFULOJU’’ PRODUCED FROM COWPEA, PIGEON AND SOYABEANS

Isaac O Onigbogi; Ogunseye I.T; Nupo S. S and Bello T.K

 Department Of Food Science and Technology,

Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

A study was conducted to find out the possibility of replacing cowpea with pigeon pea and soybeans in the production of an acceptable pudding (‘’Ofuloju’’).Flour was produced from cowpea, pigeon pea and soybeans and evaluated for proximate and functional properties. Pastes were also produced from cowpea, pigeon pea, and soybean and processed into Ofuloju and were evaluated for sensory parameter. The moisture contents of soybean, cowpea and pigeon pea were 9.01±0.01%, 10.28±0.01, 11.99±0.01 respectively, ash content of the samples ranged from 3.15±0.00% to 3.99%±0.00 for cowpea and soybean, Fat content of the samples are1.65±0.00% (pigeon pea), 2.49±0.01 (cowpea) and 19.45 ±0.10% soybeans. The result of the crude fibre showed that pigeon pea had the highest content (4.18±0.00%) while cowpea had the lowest (2.20±0.00%). The protein content of soybean had the highest (44.99±0.00%) while pigeon pea had the lowest protein content (19.93%). The result of the functional properties showed that bulk density ranged from 0.5416±0.00g/ml (soybean) to o.6900±0.01% (pigeon pea). Foaming capacity were 2±0.001% (pigeon pea), 6 ±0.01% (soybean), 8±0.02% (cowpea). Foaming stability showed that cowpea had the highest (72.22± 0.01%) while pigeon pea had the lowest.The cooking time of the pudding (Ofuloju) differs; cowpea had the fastest cooking time (45 minutes), pigeon pea (1 hour) while soybean has the longest cooking (1 hour, 30 minutes).T he result of the sensory assessment shows that Ofuloju produced from pigeon pea was better accepted interms of colour, taste, texture, aromal and overall acceptability than Ofuloju produced from soybean and cowpea. This study showed that the characteristics of Ofuloju produced from pigeon pea was similar to Ofuloju produced from cowpea; therefore, pigeon pea may be used as an alternative in the production of Ofuloju

CONTEXTUALIZING THE GIFTS OF THE SPIRIT IN I CORINTHIANS 12

David T. Ejenobo

Department of Religious Studies and Philosophy

Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The major controversy between the orthodox and evangelical Churches and the Pentecostal and neo-Pentecostal Churches today revolve around the gifts of the Holy Spirit.  The question that has defied unified answer is: how should the gifts of the Holy Spirit be understood, possessed and displayed in the Church of God? While the Pentecostal and neo-Pentecostal churches believe that the gifts of the Holy Spirit should be displayed publicly by all Christians, particularly the gift of speaking in tongues, it is the contention of those in the mainline orthodox evangelical churches that the gifts of the Holy Spirit are for the private possession and utilization of every Christian.  Thus the public display of gifts of the Holy Spirit, particularly that of speaking in tongues in public places of worship ought and should be condemned by the Church. It is against this background that this study is undertaken.  The hue and cry over the actual gifts of the Holy Spirit, as against those that are faked by some Christians has been a matter of concern in the midst of the proliferation of Churches all over Nigeria.  Sometimes it is disturbing to see the hypocritical display of actions which are attributed to the gifts of the Holy Spirit in the Church by some notable Christians.  This has led to the disintegration of several churches and thus the emergence of new ones.  Using the textual analytical method, this paper critically examined I Corinthians 12 and came to the conclusion that the Church in Nigerian must be careful so that the use of the gifts of the Spirit does not lead to further disintegration and disunity.

Key Words: Gifts, Spirit, Body